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Biomedical subjects

C D Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to C D Shaw.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Topical fibronectin in an alkali burn model of corneal ulceration in rabbits.

We studied the effect of topical fibronectin on epithelial wound healing and ulceration in alkali-burned rabbit corneas. After the first 56 hours, fibronectin accelerated complete surface reepithelialization to 4.3 +/- 2.3 days. Control alkali-burned corneas treated with phosphate-buffered saline or albumin did not resurface for 6.7 +/- 3.7 days and 6.2 +/- 2.5 days, respectively. When recurrent epithelial defects occurred, the time required for healing was also significantly accelerated by fibronectin treatment. Corneal ulceration developed in 25 of 28 and 15 of 18 saline and albumin-treated control eyes, respectively; only nine of 18 fibronectin-treated eyes ultimately ulcerated. Immunohistologic studies showed that the initially deposited fibronectin-fibrinogen matrix on the surface of burned corneas had disintegrated by 72 to 96 hours after wounding, corresponding clinically to the time of secondary epithelial breakdown. A prominent fibronectin-fibrinogen matrix remained on the surface of fibronectin-treated corneas, presumably aiding surface reepithelialization and decreasing corneal ulceration.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

Health service accreditation in the United Kingdom.

Political and professional attitudes in the United Kingdom are now increasingly supportive of systematic quality assurance, particularly in the acute sector. This paper describes general progress towards organisational audit or accreditation of hospitals and outlines the structure, process and findings of two developing programmes--one based at the King's Fund Centre in London, the other in the South Western Region in Bristol.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1990

Perioperative and perinatal death as measures for quality assurance.

The concept of avoidable death is increasingly used both epidemiologically and clinically as an indicator of the quality of health services. This paper examines practical experience, particularly in Britain and Europe, of the organisation and impact of collaborative mortality studies in improving patient care in surgery and perinatal services. It suggests that the technical inadequacies of such studies are small compared with their benefits--as long as their message is translated into local practice. It offers some key ingredients for effective collaborative mortality studies.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Psoriasis consultation audit: a two-centre study.

The adequacy of hospital note-keeping in 100 patients presenting with psoriasis at two teaching hospitals has been assessed. The criteria used were defined in consultation with a peer group of 60 British dermatologists. The pattern of record keeping was similar in both centres. Where differences existed between consultant (C) and non-consultant (J) staff, non-consultant staff completed the records more fully. There were differences between centres in the recording of patients' symptoms and disability, psoriasis type, and in the number of visits before discharge to general practitioners care. Both centres had a poor record of communication to general practitioners following patient default from the clinic. In both centres, the patient had only a one in 8 chance of subsequently being seen by a consultant if at the first visit they had been seen by a non-consultant. This simple case-note audit has highlighted the similarity of practice in the two centres and has resulted in practical improvements in record keeping.

Communication↗
PubMed1989

Guidelines for medical audit: seven principles.

The government, general managers, and professional bodies all agree that medical audit should be implemented throughout the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, it is not yet decided either nationally or locally how audit should be defined and what its implications will be. In an analysis to find ways of measuring the design and effectiveness of hospital audit, therefore, seven main measures emerged that might serve as practical criteria. These were the definition of medical and managerial responsibilities; medical organisation; scope of audit; essential characteristics; resources needed; record keeping; and evaluation. Though generally consistent with the proposals of the government and the Department of Health, these seven principles offer some alternative approaches.

Documentation↗
PubMed1989

Medical audit in Britain: what now and what next?

Public, political and professional pressure for formal medical audit is mounting in Britain, as in other countries. Within the National Health Service, the government has proposed that audit should be established by 1991 in hospitals and by 1992 in general practice. Prior to this proposal considerable progress had already been made by individual doctors and by national professional bodies. If this medical initiative is to be retained, doctors must be able to demonstrate that audit is universal, systematic and effective.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1979

Hospital standards.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1978

A clinical environmental study of the aeroallergens of the islands of Bermuda.

The major allergen responsible for allergic respiratory disease in the islands of Bermuda has been shown to be derived from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. 73% of the atopic group included in the survey gave weal and erythema reactions to extracts of this mite, whereas only 30% reacted to mixed pollen extracts and 10% to mould extracts. D. pteronyssinus was isolated from all house dust samples and it represented nature, with only a modest seasonal influence, and pollen counts were low throughout the year.

Adolescent↗