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Biomedical subjects

C D Johnson

Publications and source records attributed to C D Johnson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Advertising in chiropractic, 1939-1944: an introspective look at the early years of the Chirogram.

The Chirogram was a popular and widespread chiropractic journal that was reborn in 1939 and lasted for 40 years. With 8,000 copies circulated for the debut May 1939 issue, the journal grew steadily to 11,000 copies per month by December 1944. As one of the largest journals of its time, the Chirogram was well supported by vendors that supplied chiropractors with products and services. By reviewing the advertisements, one can see through the eyes of early doctors; they saw the trends, fads, common remedies and popular treatments of the time. A manual search was conducted through the Chirogram from May 1939 to December 1944, and the advertisements were organized into categories. Each of the vendors were recorded and tallied for the year and month that they appeared. This quantitative study utilizes frequency counts and graphs of the data to provide insight into trends in advertising and practice styles of chiropractors in the early 1940s and relate them to then current events in the United States.

Advertising↗
PubMed1996

Hole in one: a history of its founding.

Following closely upon the controversial introduction of the Neurocalometer in 1924, the announcement of the Hole-In-One (HIO) theory created yet another significant stir in the chiropractic profession in the early 1930s. Surprisingly, no one has ever tried to trace the history of HIO using primary reference material. Today, numerous spin-off techniques from HIO exist. Some claim that B.J. Palmer invented HIO while others say it was Aleck August Wernsing, D.C., from California. Was it really B.J. Palmer's idea, or did he get it from Wernsing? In this paper the authors have attempted to trace the origins of HIO theory.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1996

Ischemic proctosigmoiditis.

UNLABELLED: Rectal ischemia is rare because of excellent collateral supply. Although rectosigmoid ischemia is usually accompanied by more proximal colonic involvement, it may occur alone. METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients diagnosed as having colonic ischemia at the Mayo Clinic from 1976 to 1991 was performed. Clinical, endoscopic, radiological, and pathological data were obtained from patient charts. Patients with involvement of the rectosigmoid colon extending to no more than 30 cm above the dentate line on endoscopy were included in the study. A single radiologist reviewed CT scans and aortograms, and a single pathologist reviewed tissue specimens. RESULTS: Ten of 328 patients with ischemic colitis had isolated ischemic proctosigmoiditis. Six patients had acute ischemia (i.e., symptom duration of less than 4 wk), and four had chronic ischemia (symptoms for 4 wk or longer). Ischemic proctosigmoiditis affects elderly patients with atherosclerosis. An identifiable precipitating factor, such as a major illness or hemodynamic disturbance, was identified in four of six patients with acute ischemic proctosigmoiditis and in one of four patients with chronic ischemic proctosigmoiditis. CT revealed rectal wall thickening and/or perirectal stranding. Angiography may demonstrate atheromatous disease of the aortoiliac vessels. Acute and "chronic" presentations had similar histopathological changes. CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic proctosigmoiditis is rare. In contrast to generalized colonic ischemia, patients with acute rectal ischemia often have clearly identifiable precipitating factors. Conservative management is appropriate for uncomplicated acute ischemic proctosigmoiditis. Patients with chronic ischemic proctosigmoiditis. Patients with chronic ischemic proctosigmoiditis may develop bowel perforation necessitating a proctectomy or colonic diversion. Recognition of this entity and differentiation from idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease is important to determine appropriate therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Gallbladder motility, gallstones, and the surgeon.

Cholecystectomy is one of the commonest surgical procedures in the Western world, with more than half a million procedures performed annually in the United States alone. In recent years, studies of gallstone pathogenesis and gallbladder disease have increasingly focused on abnormal gallbladder motility in the pathogenesis of some, if not all, gallbladder conditions. The control of gallbladder motility is complex and depends on an intricate interplay of neural and hormonal factors. An understanding of the control of gallbladder motility is crucial to the understanding of the mechanisms of gallstone formation and may help to explain the failure to cure symptoms after cholecystectomy in up to one third of patients. The purpose of this article is to outline mechanisms controlling gallbladder motility, examine recent developments in our understanding of this complex process, and relate changes in motility to common disease conditions of the gallbladder. The role of altered motility in the pathogenesis of gallstones is discussed and the effects of commonly performed surgical procedures such as truncal vagotomy and cholecystectomy on upper gut physiology are reviewed.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1995

Caenorhabditis elegans mutants resistant to inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase.

We characterized 18 genes from Caenorhabditis elegans that, when mutated, confer recessive resistance to inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. These include previously described genes as well as newly identified genes; they encode essential as well as nonessential functions. In the absence of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, the different mutants display a wide range of behavioral deficits, from mild uncoordination to almost complete paralysis. Measurements of acetylcholine levels in these mutants suggest that some of the genes are involved in presynaptic functions.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1995

Tuberculosis of the pancreas.

Tuberculosis of the pancreas is extremely rare. We report a case which demonstrates the diagnostic confusion which may arise in this condition. A 55-year-old alcoholic caucasian man presented with loss of weight and obstructive jaundice. Ultrasonography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and computed tomography showed a mass lesion in the head of the pancreas, diagnosed as probably malignant. He underwent a Whipple's pancreatoduodencetomy and made a good recovery. Histological examination showed typical features of tuberculosis. In the absence of other foci of active disease chemotherapy was not given. He remains well 12 months after operation.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMed1995

MR measurements of mesenteric venous flow: prospective evaluation in healthy volunteers and patients with suspected chronic mesenteric ischemia.

PURPOSE: To quantify portal vein (PV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) flow before and after a standardized meal in healthy volunteers and to prospectively evaluate patients with a clinical suspicion of chronic mesenteric ischemia on the basis of magnetic resonance (MR) measurement of flow in the mesenteric venous system in volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cine phase-contrast flow measurements were acquired in 10 asymptomatic volunteers and in 10 patients. RESULTS: In volunteers, the difference between the fasting and post-prandial flows in the SMV and PV was significant (P < .001), with a peak flow augmentation of 245% +/- 74 and 70% +/- 29, respectively. Postprandial augmentation of peak flow in the SMV was significantly less in patients with mesenteric ischemia compared with volunteers (64% +/- 28; P = .02). SMV flow augmentation in patients without mesenteric ischemia did not differ significantly from that in volunteers (206% +/- 36; P = .31). CONCLUSION: Measurement of postprandial flow augmentation in the SMV with MR imaging shows promise as a noninvasive screening test for chronic mesenteric ischemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Upper abdominal phase-contrast MR angiography: comparison of cine and non-cine techniques.

PURPOSE: To evaluate image quality, vessel conspicuity, and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of four two-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) phase-contrast techniques: cine phase-contrast with respiratory compensation (CPC-R), cine phase-contrast without respiratory compensation (CPC), phase-contrast with two signals acquired (PC-2), and phase-contrast with eight signals acquired (PC-8). MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR angiographic images of the portal vein were obtained in 14 patients. RESULTS: Overall image quality was rated excellent in 10 of 14 patients (CPC-R), in one of 14 patients (CPC), in none of 14 patients (PC-2), and in one of 14 patients (PC-8). Views of 10 upper abdominal vessels were evaluated with each technique. The mean (+/- standard deviation) number of well-imaged vessels was 6 +/- 2 (CPC-R), 3 +/- 2 (CPC), 2 +/- 2 (PC-2), and 3 +/- 2 (PC-8). CPC-R images were significantly better in overall image quality and number of vessels seen (P < .01). Mean S/Ns were 10.8 +/- 3.4 (CPC-R), 6.8 +/- 2.7 (CPC), 4.5 +/- 1.7 (PC-2), and 6.4 +/- 2.1 (PC-8). S/N with CPC-R was significantly greater than with CPC, PC-2, or PC-8. CONCLUSION: CPC-R provided consistently higher quality angiographic images than were obtained with the other sequences studied.

Cineangiography↗
PubMed1995

MR imaging of the abdomen with a phased-array multicoil: prospective clinical evaluation.

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare use of a phased-array multicoil and a conventional body coil in abdominal MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients (seven men, six women; mean age, 55 years) underwent imaging with a phased-array multicoil and with a conventional body coil. Four pulse sequences were used: T2-weighted spin echo (SE), magnetization-prepared gradient-recalled echo (GRE), breath-hold fast SE, and echo planar (EP). RESULTS: Lesion detection improved the most on fast SE, multicoil-acquired images. Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) increased 64% with fast SE (P = .0005) and EP (P < .0109) sequences. Contrast-to-noise ratio (C/N) doubled (P < .05) with T2-weighted SE sequences. Lesion conspicuity improved on multicoil-acquired images with all fast sequences (magnetization-prepared GRE, P = .015; fast SE, P = .002; EP imaging, P = .013). There was little difference in respiratory and vascular artifact. Depiction of most abdominal structures improved (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Use of the phased-array multicoil provides better MR images of the abdomen than does use of a conventional body coil.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

Palliative resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A survey of British surgeons.

A survey was carried out by postal questionnaire of the attitudes of British surgeons to pancreatic resection as palliation for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Replies from 24 surgeons related to experience in over 700 resections. The incidence of estimated residual local disease after resection was median 12.5 percent, range 0-35 percent. Half (12) of the surgeons felt that pancreatic resection with residual macroscopic disease was justified. Only 3 (12.5 percent) surgeons accepted that palliative resection in the presence of liver metastases was sometimes justifiable. Further evidence is required of improved quality of life after resection before the majority of surgeons will accept palliative resection in the management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

Pancreatic enzyme supplementation in acute pancreatitis.

This study evaluates the effect of oral pancreatic enzyme supplements on pain, analgesic requirement and the incidence of complications in patients with acute pancreatitis. This double blind, prospectively randomised placebo controlled study included 23 patients. Pain was monitored using a visual analogue scale; the analgesic requirement was assessed with a numerical score. No significant differences were noted between the median (range) pain scores of patients who received placebo: 22 (17.1-58) and those who received enzymes: 23 (11.3-63). Hospital stay was 7 (5-10) days in patients on placebo and 8 (6-24) days in the enzyme group (p = 0.069). Analgesic requirements were: placebo 20 (6-60) and enzymes: 16 (0-63) (p = 0.56). This study has shown no beneficial effect of oral pancreatic enzyme supplements in the initial management of patients with acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Postprandial alkaline tide: does it exist?

The concept of an alkaline tide which compensates for gastric acid secretion suggests the possibility of indirect measurement of gastric acid secretion. This study was designed to determine whether postprandial changes in renal and respiratory function could be used to assess gastric secretion in healthy adults. Volunteers ate one of three standard (low, medium or high protein) breakfasts on separate days. A fall in urine acid output was observed during 2 h after the high protein meal, but not after the medium or low protein meal. Fasting subjects showed a similar fall in urine acid output over a 2-hour period. Pretreatment with ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. had no effect on basal or postprandial urine acid output. We conclude that changes in urine acid output are not related to the gastric secretory response to food. In a separate study, treatment with omeprazole 20 mg daily had no effect on postprandial respiratory function (minute ventilation; mixed expired CO2; minute volume of CO2; respiratory exchange ratio; venous blood pH, pCO2 or bicarbonate; and end tidal CO2). Thus we were unable to detect a respiratory alkaline tide after a standard breakfast. These findings suggest that any respiratory or urinary compensation for gastric acid secretion is too small to be of physiological or clinical significance.

Adult↗