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Biomedical subjects

C D Chiang

Publications and source records attributed to C D Chiang.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

A new antitumor antibiotic FR66973: clonogenic in vitro assessment of activity against human non-small cell lung carcinoma.

We have utilized a human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA), as a disease-oriented drug screening model of new antitumor drugs, to test the antitumor activity of FR66973 and compared the activity with that of its analogous compound, mitomycin C. The overall in vitro response rate (defined as less than 50% survival of tumor colony forming units) for FR66973 against fresh tumor cells obtained from patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) was 32%, 50% and 89% at 0.1, 1 and 10 micrograms/ml, respectively, which was superior to that of mitomycin C at the corresponding concentration. Our data suggest that FR66973 is a promising new drug against NSCLC. If phase I toxicities are not prohibitive, FR66973 may also have good activity against NSCLC in clinical phase II trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Antitumor activity of quinocarmycin against carcinoma of the lung in human tumor clonogenic assay.

Quinocarmycin monocitrate is a novel antitumor antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces melanovinaceus. We have utilized a human tumor clonogenic assay to test the antitumor activity of this drug against carcinoma of the lung and to compare its activity with those of mitomycin C or cisplatin, which are components of the clinically effective regimens in therapy for this disease. The overall in vitro response rate (defined as less than 50% survival of tumor colony forming units) for quinocarmycin at 0.1 and 1.0 microgram/ml continuous exposure was 42% and 72%, respectively, which was superior to that of other drugs. Quinocarmycin and other antitumor drugs do not have identical spectra of antitumor activities in vitro, suggesting that this compound with good in vitro activity should be further developed for clinical trials.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Comparative studies of pulse and continuous exposure in human tumor clonogenic assay.

To assess the influence of different schedules of drug exposure in human tumor clonogenic assay on in vitro cytotoxicity of antitumor drugs, the in vitro sensitivities of a human carcinoma cell line, PC-9, to various antitumor drugs were measured by using two different procedures: exposure was either by pulse for 1 h prior to plating or continuous throughout the period of growth in agar. Marked differences between the two procedures in testing actinomycin D, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, vinblastine and vindesine but not in adriamycin, daunomycin, melphalan, nimustine and ranomustine were observed. The former and the latter were classified as schedule dependent drugs and a schedule independent drugs, respectively. In this study, the schedule dependency of in vitro drug response appears to be related mainly to time-dependency and partially to other factors, such as stability during culture in medium.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[A study of attitudes and behavior regarding fertility among newlyweds in Taipei City].

There are around 40,000 births in Taipei City each year. Of them about 40% are of the 1st parity. Of all deliveries, about 80% are born to mothers under 30 years old. There are about 20,000 marriages each year. Of all brides and grooms surveyed in the present study, 39.4% and 39.1% consider the ideal time to conceive being either as early as possible or within 1 year after the wedding. In actuality, 28.08% of the respondents were already pregnant before the wedding. Excluding the inteviewees who were married for over 1 year, 34.1% are currently pregnant, 6.98% have already given birth, and 0.15% have become pregnant again after a birth. This result is similar to the findings of the KAP conducted by the Center in 1980, which showed that 41.3% of the interviewees gave birth to their 1st child within 1 year after the wedding. The same survey of 1980 also finds that the interval between the 1st and the 2nd child is 1.94 years, though women in general consider the ideal interval to be 2.6 years. How to encourage those who are to be married and the newlyweds to prolong the intervals between the wedding and the 1st child and between the 1st and the 2nd child is an important task of the health educators. The present study interviews 1013 couples who registered their marriages in October 1983. Needs, targets, and contents of education programs are identified. Better ways to communicate with the newlyweds are also indicated. The purpose of the study, based on the findings, is to propose a model most suitable for the education in family planning of those who are to be married and who are just married, in order to provide them with better services and to further reduce the fertility of young people.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Value of ultrasonically guided needle biopsy of pleural masses: an under-utilized technique.

Thirty-six patients with pleural masses underwent ultrasonically guided needle biopsy (UGNB), including ultrasonically guided aspiration biopsy (UGAB) in all 36 patients and ultrasonically guided cutting biopsy (UGCB) in 13 patients. Using UGAB alone, the diagnostic rate for pleural masses was 64% (23/36); carcinomatous pleural masses were more easily diagnosed than non-carcinomatous pleural masses (87% vs 23%, p < 0.01). If both UGAB and UGCB were used, the diagnostic rate was 89% (32/36); thus, selective UGCB was valuable in improving the diagnostic rate of non-carcinomatous pleural masses (from 23% to 69%). In patients with pleural effusions (n = 19), 11 underwent cytologic examinations of the pleural effusion (3 also undergoing pleural biopsy) without conclusive diagnosis; however, the diagnosis was made from pleural masses by UGAB (n = 7) or UGCB (n = 4). In patients without pleural effusions (n = 17), 12 had only pleural masses (3 also having multiple peripheral pulmonary nodules and 4 having mediastinal tumors) and could not be diagnosed by conventional bronchoscopic and sputum examinations. However, the diagnosis was rapidly confirmed by UGAB (n = 5) or UGCB (n = 3) from the pleural masses in 8 patients. We conclude that UGNB is a useful and valuable diagnostic tool, not only detecting the pleural masses hidden by pleural effusions but also for rapidly diagnosing the pleural masses.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonically guided needle biopsy of anterior mediastinal masses: comparison of carcinomatous and non-carcinomatous masses.

Thirty-three patients with anterior mediastinal masses underwent percutaneous ultrasonically guided needle biopsy (UGNB), including ultrasonically guided aspiration biopsy (UGAB) in all 33 patients and ultrasonically guided cutting biopsy (UGCB) in 13 patients. Using UGAB alone, the diagnostic rate of anterior mediastinal masses was 52% (17/33); if both the UGAB and UGCB methods were used, the diagnostic rate could achieve 79% (26/33). If the anterior mediastinal masses were divided into carcinomatous (n = 15) and non-carcinomatous (n = 18) groups, we found that the carcinomatous group was more easily diagnosed by UGAB than the non-carcinomatous group (87% vs 22%, p < 0.01) and UGCB was more valuable and helpful than UGAB in the diagnosis of non-carcinomatous mediastinal masses (75% vs 22%). One episode of injury to the aortic wall occurred after a UGCB. Our results show that carcinomatous mediastinal masses can be easily diagnosed by UGAB, and UGCB is often necessary in the diagnosis of non-carcinomatous mediastinal masses.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of solitary pulmonary nodules.

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-guided FNAB) was performed in 40 patients with solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) for evaluation of diagnostic results and complication rates. The final diagnoses of the 40 patients included 30 malignancies and 10 benign lesions. Using US-guided FNAB, the diagnostic yields were 97% (29/30) in malignancies and 60% (6/10) in benign lesions. Of the 29 patients with cytologically proven malignancies, 12 underwent surgical resection. The correlation between cytological results and histologic diagnoses in these 12 was excellent (100%). The size of the nodule did not affect the diagnostic rate or complication rate. Only two patients (5%) developed minimal pneumothorax after US-guided FNAB. We conclude that US-guided FNAB is a useful, safe, and convenient diagnostic tool for SPN, and that malignant pulmonary nodules are more easily diagnosed than benign nodules.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Establishment and characterization of a paclitaxel-resistant human non-small cell lung cancer cell line.

We have established a paclitaxel-resistant mutant cell line called H460/TAX which was derived from human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) H460. A 64-fold greater resistant was shown in our assay as compared with the parental cells. High specificity of drug resistance was also observed since this mutant was not cross-resistant to several other anticancer drugs. Drug accumulation in H460/TAX was significantly less than that in H460. Many endogenous protein profiles were intact, including the expression level of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein, the 70 kDa heat shock proteins as well as the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 in H460/TAX cells, except that the total amount of alpha- and beta- tubulins was higher in H460/TAX than in H460 cells. Higher drug concentration and longer treatment for paclitaxel were required in H460/TAX to exert the phosphorylation of keratin 19 which was then accompanied by reorganization of the intermediate filament and the microtubule networks. Since all of the aforementioned factors involved in paclitaxel-resistance in other systems were not found to be significantly altered in H460/TAX, there must be other paclitaxel-resistance mechanisms(s) which remains to be identified in human lung cancers.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Large mass-like pulmonary cryptococcosis: report of 2 cases.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis, a less common fungal infection, frequently reveals nodular lesions (single or multiple) and patchy infiltrations (alveolar or interstitial) on chest X rays. A large mass-like pattern is less common. Here we report 2 cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis with negative bronchoscopic findings. One patient received a right lower lobectomy under the impression of malignancy; the other received a transthoracic needle aspiration, and numerous cryptococci were found by India ink preparation. Thus, pulmonary cryptococcosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of a mass lesion. A brief review of the literature is also included about diagnostic approach and management of pulmonary cryptococcosis.

Cryptococcosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased NM23: MTS1 ratio inversely correlated with metastasis behaviour in human lung squamous cell carcinoma.

The nm23 and mts1 genes have been the focus of attention as regards the association of their expression with metastatic behaviour. The level of nm23 and mts1 gene products has been demonstrated to correlate with metastatic potential in some tumors, but not in all. Here we show that these two genes might be coregulated and the ratio of their expression correlated with metastatic behaviour. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of both NM23 and MTS1 proteins was reduced in human lung cancer CH27 cells by retinoic acid treatment, but the ratio of NM23: MTS1 increased in a dose-dependent manner. Results also exhibited that retinoic acid altered the microtubule assembly of CH27 cells and reduced the metastatic ability of the cells in vitro. These data suggest that the metastatic potential of CH27 cells may be related to the relative expression of these two genes, and that their pathway in regulating metastatsis might be linked.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗