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Biomedical subjects

C D Buckner

Publications and source records attributed to C D Buckner.

414 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with chemoradiotherapy and allogenic marrow transplantation.

Twenty patients with disseminated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who failed conventional combination chemotherapy were treated with high-dose chemoradiotherapy and marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling. Four patients remain alive in complete remission from 153 to 784 days after transplant. The reason for failure in eight cases was persistence or relapse of lymphoma. In the other eight cases, death was due to a complication of the transplant procedure including interstitial pneumonia, veno-occlusive disease of the liver, graft-versus-host disease, or infection. These results appear similar to those previously observed in patients with acute leukemia in relapse in that a small but significant proportion of patients with otherwise end-stage disease may achieve prolonged complete remission after intensive chemoradiotherapy and allogeneic marrow transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma: current status.

The current status of autologous and allogeneic marrow transplantation for acute leukemias and malignant lymphoma is reviewed and compared to the current status of conventional chemotherapy. Based on the reviewed literature, it is concluded that marrow transplantation and conventional chemoradiotherapy are not mutually exclusive and that for most young patients with acute hematological malignancies the question is not if, but rather when to intervene with a marrow transplant treatment. Thus marrow transplantation and conventional chemoradiotherapy can work as complimentary units in the complex therapeutic approach needed to cure most patients with hematological malignancies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early infectious complications in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients with acute leukemia: effects of prophylactic measures.

One hundred eighty-two patients with acute leukemia underwent allogeneic marrow transplantation and received one of two forms of infection prophylaxis: isolation and decontamination procedures in laminar air flow rooms (90 patients) or prophylactic granulocyte transfusion from a single family member (92 patients). Infection acquisition and survival were analyzed from the time of admission to 100 days posttransplant. There were 20 major local infections in the laminar air flow group and 16 in the prophylactic granulocyte group. Of the patients in the laminar air flow group, 24 (27%) had 27 episodes of bacteremia, while 23 (25%) of the prophylactic granulocyte group had 25 episodes of bacteremia. There were no significant differences in infection acquisition between the two groups during the period of granulocytopenia or after engraftment. The mortality during the first 100 days was 28% for the laminar air flow group and 35% for the prophylactic granulocyte group. Thirteen patients (14%) in the laminar air flow group and five (5%) in the prophylactic granulocyte group died with bacterial or fungal infections. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in overall incidence of or mortality from interstitial pneumonitis which was the predominant cause of death. However, the subset of patients who were seronegative for cytomegalovirus antibody at the time of transplant and received granulocytes from seropositive donors had a significantly higher incidence of and mortality from cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laminar air flow isolation and decontamination: a prospective randomized study of the effects of prophylactic systemic antibiotics in bone marrow transplant patients.

122 patients with hematologic malignancies underwent allogeneic marrow transplantation from HLA-matched sibling donors and received one of two forms of infection prophylaxis while granulocytopenic: 1) decontamination and laminar air flow isolation (LAF, 68 patients), and 2) LAF plus prophylactic systemic antibiotics (LAF + PSA, 54 patients). Patients were evaluated for infection acquisition while in isolation. Septicemia occurred in 11 (16%) of the patients in the LAF group and in three (6%) patients in the LAF + PSA group. Fourteen (21%) of the patients in the LAF group and four (7%) patients in the LAF + PSA group had a major local infection. There was no difference in the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease or incidence and duration of fever. The addition of prophylactic intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics for patients isolated in LAF rooms significantly decreased infection acquisition.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro and in vivo removal of anti-A erythrocyte antibody by adsorption to a synthetic immunoadsorbent.

A solid-phase immunoadsorbent column using blood group A trisaccharide was tested in vitro and in vivo in dogs. This column was demonstrated to specifically remove anti-A antibody from human plasma in vitro and in vivo dogs specifically immunized with synthetic human blood group A trisaccharide. These studies indicate that this technique will be useful in removing anti-A and B antibody in marrow transplant recipients of incompatible marrow.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of blood cooling prior to granulocyte collection.

A study was designed to test the hypothesis that cooling blood before it enters a continuous-flow blood cell separator would result in increased granulocyte yields. Fifty-four granulocyte collections performed with cooling were compared with 58 collections performed on alternate days in the same donors. In blood cooled to 15 degrees C we were unable to demonstrate improved yields of granulocytes.

Blood↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experience with double lumen right atrial catheters.

A double lumen right atrial catheter was placed in 57 allogeneic marrow transplant recipients, and its use was compared to a concurrent series of 63 patients receiving the large-bore single lumen catheter. Ten double lumen catheter recipients developed septicemia, while neutropenic with granulocyte counts less than 100 per cubic centimeter, and three had their catheters removed for persistent septicemia. Seventeen single lumen catheter recipients developed septicemia while granulocytopenic, and one had the catheter removed for persistent septicemia. Hyperalimentation was more effectively delivered with the double lumen catheter which provides a route for infusion of hyperalimentation solutions at a constant rate during infusions of blood products, antibiotics, and other fluids.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hickman catheter complications in marrow transplant recipients.

The complications associated with the insertion and use of 95 single lumen and 312 double lumen Hickman right atrial catheters in 357 marrow transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed. Three-hundred (84%) first inserted catheters were in place for a median of 93 days (range, 16-209) without complications and were removed electively. Thirty-nine (9.6%) of all catheters were removed for infections and 24 (5.9%) for mechanical complications. Ninety-five patients (26.6%) had 111 episodes of septicemia involving 128 separate organisms and 25 patients had 25 episodes of localized catheter infection with 26 separate organisms. The most frequently isolated organism was coagulase-negative staphylococcus. Twelve of 24 removals due to mechanical complications were caused by accidental pulling of the catheter by the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fate of right atrial catheters inserted prior to arrival at a transplant center.

An analysis of catheter-related complications in a study group consisting of 83 patients, each of whom arrived at a major marrow transplant center after having had a large bore right atrial catheter (RAC) inserted by the referring institution, was compared to a similar analysis of catheter-related complications in 357 patients who had their RAC inserted at the transplant center just before the transplant procedure was begun (control group). Fourteen (17%) patients in the study group had their original catheter removed for complications (five for septicemia and nine for mechanical complications) compared to 57 (16%) of the patients in the control group. Thirteen (16%) of the 83 catheters in the study group were double lumen and only two of these (15%) were replaced due to complications. Sixteen of 59 patients (27%), 13 years old or older, who arrived with a single lumen RAC already inserted, required an additional catheter during the transplant procedure because of an increased need for intravenous access. From this study, we concluded that patients who arrived for marrow transplantation with a RAC already inserted did not routinely need the catheter replaced. However, it is recommended that double lumen catheters be inserted in adult patients if marrow transplantation is anticipated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combination chemotherapy for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in adults.

Between January 1973 and February 1975, 77 adults with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia were treated with a combination of daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, 6-thioguanine, prednisone, and vincristine in university-affiliated and private institutions. After 31 patients were treated (regimen 1) the doses of all drugs were significantly increased (regimen 2). Regimes 1 and 2 yielded CR rates of 59% (17 of 29 patients) and 70% (32 of 46 patients) respectively. With regimens 2 the mean number of courses and the median number of days to CR decreased from 3 to 1.4 and from 46 to 29 respectively. Failure to achieve CR was due to persistent leukemia during regimen 1 and fatal infections during regimen 2. With regimen 2 ten of 20 patients (50%) greater than 50 years had CR compared to 22 of 26 patients (85%) less than 50 years. CR rates were similar in community and university institutions.

Adolescent↗