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Biomedical subjects

C Cronin

Publications and source records attributed to C Cronin.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Amniotic bands as a cause of ocular anomalies.

We examined nine patients with amniotic band syndrome who had systemic and ocular pathologic deformities. The most common ocular malformations were congenital corneal leukomas or acquired corneal opacities secondary to exposure and eyelid colobomas. The eyelid defects appeared to be extensions of facial clefts in these patients and were often located adjacent to the corneal opacities. Other anomalies included microphthalmos, strabismus, and hypertelorism. One patient had the typical peripheral and facial stigmata of the amniotic band syndrome in association with a coloboma of the left iris and retina.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Can hospitals give business what it wants?

Hospitals are facing new demands from business groups as employers assume a more active role in the selection of health care services. To assist hospitals in their efforts to develop effective marketing strategies, the authors explore the changing relationship between employers and hospitals, focusing on key employer needs.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1983

The relationship of blood transfusions to retrolental fibroplasia.

The medical records of 53 premature infants weighing less than 1,360 g at birth were examined. The retinas of 32 infants remained normal, while mild active retrolental fibroplasia developed in 17 babies, and severe active retrolental fibroplasia developed in four babies. The birth weight, duration of exposure of supplemental oxygen, and the amount of blood they received as transfusions were recorded. There was no significant difference in these values for those babies whose retinas remained normal and for those babies in whom mild retinopathy of prematurity developed. However, the infants in whom severe retrolental fibroplasia developed were significantly smaller in weight at birth and received more supplemental oxygen and transfused blood. There was a close correlation between the amount of blood transfused and days of exposure to supplemental oxygen. In addition, the ratio of transfused blood to days of supplemental oxygen exposure was greater in those infants in whom no retrolental fibroplasia developed and least in those infants in whom severe active retrolental fibroplasia developed.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1980

Antiemetics in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer: a randomized comparison of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and prochlorperazine.

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is an effective antiemetic as compared with placebos in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer. In this study we compared THC with prochlorperazine (compazine) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial with patients who had failed to benefit from standard antiemetic therapy. Regardless of the emetic activity of the chemotherapeutic agents, there were more complete responses to THC courses (in 36 of 79 courses) than to prochlorperazine (in 16 of 78 courses). Of 25 patients who were treated with both drugs and who expressed a preference, 20 preferred THC (P = 0.005). Among patients under 20 years of age there was a higher proportion of complete responses to THC courses (15 of 20) than among older patients (21 of 59 courses; P = 0.004). Increased food intake occurred more frequently with THC (P = 0.008) and was associated with the presence of a "high." Of 36 THC courses resulting in complete antiemetic responses, 32 were associated with a high. We conclude that THC is an effective antiemetic in many patients who receive chemotherapy for cancer and for whom other antiemetics are ineffective. (N Engl J Med 302:135--138, 1980).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managed Health Care Association update.

Recent MHCA projects--on outcomes measurement, managed-care plan performance, and managed-care accreditation--will have a significant impact on the reformed U.S. health care system.

Health Services Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy by family physicians: a national multisite study of 717 procedures.

This is the first multisite report of esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs) performed by family physicians. The first 717 EGDs performed by family physicians from 8 separate office practices provide a practical and safe rationale for selected cognitive and psychomotor aspects of continuing medical education after residency training. Although primarily in private practice, these physicians were affiliated with 6 academic institutions. This group of family physicians received training in short courses. The average amount of hands-on training before independent EGD was 8 supervised cases. Cumulatively, these data represent 227 months (18.9 years) of office practice. All cases were collected sequentially from the beginning of each physician's experience, and 454 cases were collected prospectively. Physicians reported excellent patient tolerance. Diagnostic yields were high, and biopsies were performed where appropriate. Pathologists reviewed biopsy specimens from 213 sites. The family physician endoscopic diagnosis agreed with the tissue diagnosis in 188 cases (88 percent). Physicians believed that EGD enhanced management or changed the diagnosis in more than 89 percent of cases. One bleeding complication requiring overnight hospitalization was noted. This complication rate 0.0014 (1/717) compares favorably with published subspecialty complication rates 0.0013 (1.3/1000). These data confirm the ability of some family physicians to perform EGD and suggest that continuation is safe. Biopsy analysis indicates diagnostic accuracy is high. Further study on the cognitive aspects and the defragmentation of care is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual manifestations of type 1 autoimmune polyendocrinopathy.

We present a family with five members affected by Type 1 autoimmune polyendocrinopathy. All patients had chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and dental abnormalities. Four patients had ocular abnormalities, four had hypoparathyroidism, and three had Addison's disease. The family was unusual in that all four affected females had premature ovarian failure. The ocular abnormalities included two patients with subcapsular lens opacities, one patient with asymptomatic corneal opacities, and one patient with severe bilateral iridocyclitis with cataract formation. One patient had pernicious anaemia and one had insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. All patients were negative on repeated occasions for organ specific and non-organ specific autoantibodies. Lymphocyte studies were performed in four patients. A deficiency of T suppressor cells was found in three and low normal levels were present in the fourth suggesting that the syndrome may be due to a defect in suppressor T cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation and characterization of an evolutionary precursor of human monoamine oxidases A and B].

An interesting flavoprotein-type monoamine oxidase (MAO) was recently isolated from Aspergillus niger and cloned by Schilling and Lerch (1995a,b) The properties of this MAO, as well as a substantial part of its amino acid sequence resemble those of both MAO A and B from higher animals, raising the possibility that it may be an evolutionary precursor of these mitochondrial enzymes. It differs from MAO A and B in several respect, however, including the fact that it is soluble and of peroxisomal localization and that the FAD is non-covalently attached. We have overexpressed the fungal enzyme (MAO-N) in Escherichia coli, isolated it for the first time in pure form, and, in collaboration with Dr. Elena Sablin, crystallized it. Since several of the observations of previous workers on MAO-N could not be reproduced and seem to be erroneous, we have reexamined its, substrate specificity, interaction with reversible and irreversible inhibitors and other catalytic and molecular properties. MAO-N has a considerably higher turnover number on many aliphatic and aromatic amines than either form of the mammalian enzyme. Some aspects of the substrate specificity resemble those of MAO B, while others are similar to MAO A, including biphasic kinetics in double reciprocal plots. Contrary to the report of Schilling and Lerch (1995a), however, the fungal enzyme does not oxidize serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine or other biogenic amines. MAO-N is irreversibly inhibited by stoichiometric amounts of both (-)deprenyl and clorgyline in a mechanism-based reaction, forming flavocyanine adducts with N(5) of the FAD, like the mammalian enzymes, but inactivation is much faster with clorgyline than deprenyl, suggesting again a closer resemblance to MAO A than B. The dissociation constants for a large number of reversible competitive inhibitors have been determined for MAO-N and comparison with similar values for MAO A and B again pointed to a much greater similarity to the former than the latter. Experiments designed to change the linkage of the FAD to covalent form by site-directed mutagenesis and to dissociate.

Amino Acid Sequence↗