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Biomedical subjects

C Craddock

Publications and source records attributed to C Craddock.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Open comparison of intramuscular chloroquine and quinine in children with severe chloroquine-sensitive falciparum malaria.

An open paired randomised comparison of intramuscular chloroquine (3.5 mg base/kg every 6 h) and intramuscular quinine (20 mg salt/kg followed by 10 mg/kg every 12 h) was carried out in 50 Gambian children with severe falciparum malaria. 8 children died, 6 from the quinine-treated and 2 from the chloroquine-treated group. Chloroquine reduced parasitaemia significantly more rapidly than did quinine, but other measures of the therapeutic response were similar in the two groups. Quinine injections were painful. These findings do not support the proposition that quinine is intrinsically superior to chloroquine in the treatment of severe drug-sensitive falciparum malaria.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

A model project.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1987

Cardiorespiratory arrest and autonomic neuropathy in AIDS.

Four of five patients with AIDS and pulmonary infection had syncopal reactions as a result of fine-needle aspiration of the lung; in one patient the reaction was fatal. Subsequently, in one of these patients and four further patients with AIDS or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the autonomic nervous system proved to be abnormal. This preliminary evidence suggests HIV infection may be associated with an autonomic neuropathy, which may expose these patients to particular risk after invasive procedures.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetic studies of imipenem/cilastatin in elderly patients.

Six patients, aged between 68 and 83 years, with glomerular filtration rates (GFR) between 31 and 80 ml/min received imipenem/cilastatin as treatment for acute lower respiratory tract infection. A combination of 500 mg of both agents was administered, 6-hourly, intravenously over 30 min. After a minimum of four doses, blood specimens were obtained for assay of imipenem and cilastatin concentrations by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the results. The mean half life was 1.6 h for imipenem and 2.1 h for cilastatin, values similar to those reported for patients with moderate renal impairment. Elimination constant, clearance and AUC significantly correlated with GFR but not with age. No accumulation was observed.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pharmacokinetic properties of intramuscular quinine in Gambian children with severe falciparum malaria.

Plasma quinine concentrations were measured in 21 Gambian children with severe falciparum malaria after intramuscular administration of a 20 mg (salt) per kg loading dose of quinine dihydrochloride followed by 10 mg/kg at 12 h intervals. Quinine was well absorbed reaching mean peak concentrations of 15.6 (standard deviation [SD] 4.5) mg/litre in a median time of 3 h (range 1-6 h). A one compartment model was fitted to the plasma concentration-time profile. The mean estimated systemic clearance (Cl/F) was 0.89 (SD 0.81) ml/kg/min and the mean elimination half life was 18.8 (SD 8.0) h. Two patients, one of whom died, had low plasma quinine levels which remained below 10 mg/litre. Mean peak and trough plasma concentrations after subsequent intramuscular doses ranged between 11.1 and 15.1 mg/litre. In most cases this dose regimen provided a satisfactory profile of blood concentrations for the treatment of severe malaria in children.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracranial pressure in childhood cerebral malaria.

Lumbar punctures were performed in 40 Gambian children with acute cerebral malaria aged between 18 months and 10 years. The mean opening pressure was elevated in 32 (80%) of the children, but was not significantly different in the 14 fatal cases compared with survivors: 110 (standard deviation 71) versus 131 (58) mm of cerebrospinal fluid respectively. Cerebral perfusion pressures were also similar in the 2 groups: 64 (20) mm Hg versus 64 (11) mm Hg respectively. There was no clear clinical evidence of raised intracranial pressure, and no evidence of deterioration immediately following lumbar puncture. Nevertheless brain swelling, and consequent brain-stem compression, may contribute to a fatal outcome in cerebral malaria--particularly in those children who die from sudden respiratory arrest. A prospective evaluation of osmotic agents in childhood cerebral malaria seems to be justified.

Child↗