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Biomedical subjects

C Costello

Publications and source records attributed to C Costello.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Variability in the structural requirements for binding of human monoclonal anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein immunoglobulin M antibodies and HNK-1 to sphingoglycolipid antigens.

A high proportion of patients with neuropathy have immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraproteins that react with carbohydrate determinants on the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and two sphingoglycolipids, 3-sulfoglucuronyl paragloboside (SGPG) and 3-sulfoglucuronyl lactosaminyl paragloboside. In order to characterize the fine specificities of these human antibodies further, the binding of 10 anti-MAG paraproteins to several chemically modified derivatives of SGPG was compared with the binding to intact SGPG by both TLC-overlay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The following derivatives were tested: the desulfated lipid, glucuronyl paragloboside (GPG); the methyl ester of GPG (MeGPG); the methyl ester of SGPG, 3-sulfomethylglucuronyl paragloboside (SMeGPG); and 3-sulfoglucosyl paragloboside (SGlcPG) produced by reduction of the carboxyl group of the glucuronic acid with sodium borohydride. All 10 IgM paraproteins and the related mouse IgM antibody, HNK-1, reacted most strongly with intact SGPG, but variations in the reactivity with the derivatives revealed striking differences in the structural requirements for binding between the antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

HIV-disease and bone marrow changes: a study of 60 cases.

We report our experience of peripheral blood and bone marrow changes in patients with HIV disease. Abnormalities were most commonly seen in patients with advanced disease. In AIDS group IV patients (CDC classification) anaemia (92%) neutropenia (85%) monocytopenia (75%) and thrombocytopenia (61%) have their highest incidence, the reason being a combination of factors such as infection, myelosuppressive drugs and HIV infection itself. Bone marrow examinations were performed most commonly for microbiological culture (25%) and the investigation of anaemia (16%). Morphological changes in the bone marrow were non-specific and not pathognomic; however erythroid hypoplasia was found to be a distinctive feature associated with MAI infection. The procedure provided a high yield for microbiological culture, particularly in MAI infection.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

Zidovudine overdose.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection and red cell hypoplasia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

During a period of 14 months in 1985 and 1986, infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) complex was diagnosed in 10 of 76 patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-associated infection. In eight of the 10 patients, the infection was disseminated. All eight patients were anaemic. A bone marrow aspirate and/or trephine biopsy performed in six of them revealed evidence of red cell hypoplasia. MAI was cultured from all six samples of bone marrow. The strains of MAI isolated were resistant to conventional antituberculous drugs but were susceptible in vitro to ansamycin, ethionamide and cycloserine. None of the eight patients responded clinically to antituberculous therapy. The eight anaemic patients had pronounced constitutional symptoms. We suggest that severe anaemia and constitutional symptoms in patients with HIV-associated disease should prompt a search for evidence of disseminated MAI infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Peripheral blood and bone marrow abnormalities in patients with HIV related disease.

Between February 1983 and April 1986 we studied peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from 20 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related disease. 14 patients had AIDS, three had ARC, two had PGL and one had ITP as a sole manifestation of HIV related disease. Peripheral blood abnormalities included marked anisocytosis and poikilocytosis, rouleaux formation, neutropenia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia, a left shift in the granulocyte series and, in the patients with AIDS, vacuolated monocytes. The most frequent bone marrow abnormalities were reticuloendothelial iron block, dyserythropoiesis, megaloblastic change and erythroid hypoplasia. Excess histiocytes were noted in four marrows, one exhibiting haemophagocytosis. None of the bone marrows showed lymphopenia. Eight of the 20 marrows were difficult or impossible to aspirate. None of the trephine biopsies showed increased reticulin. The causes of these abnormalities are probably multiple and include opportunistic infections, drug therapy, immune mechanisms and possibly direct insult by the HIV virus.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1986

Structure of sulfated glucuronyl glycolipids in the nervous system reacting with HNK-1 antibody and some IgM paraproteins in neuropathy.

Novel sulfated glucuronic acid-containing glycolipids have been identified in the nervous system. These glycolipids are highly antigenic and share antigenic determinants with several nervous system glycoproteins, such as neural cell adhesion molecules, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and ependymins. The structure of the major antigenic glycolipid from human peripheral nerve was determined by chemical and enzymatic degradation, incorporation studies, sugar analysis after permethylation, pertrimethylsilylation, and gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques as well as fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry of the native antigen. The following structure was established for the major antigenic glycolipid. sulfate-3-GlcA beta(1---3)Gal beta(1----4)GlcNAc beta(1----3)Gal beta(1----4)Glc beta(1----1)-ceramide. The major fatty acids in the ceramide were 18:0, 18:1, 24:0, and 24:1, with C18-sphingenine as the long chain base.

Antibodies↗