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Biomedical subjects

C Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to C Cooper.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

CT appearance of diffuse mesenteric edema.

The extent of pathologic processes involving the mesentery is frequently difficult to assess by clinical examination and standard radiography. Contrast studies of the gastrointestinal tract only identify the effect of these processes on adjacent opacified bowel loops and frequently underestimate the extent of mesenteric pathology. Computed tomography has previously been used to characterize various mesenteric abnormalities, most often secondary to malignant or inflammatory disease. We report the characteristic CT appearance of diffuse mesenteric edema in 14 patients. Eleven patients had documented hypoalbuminemia, two patients superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, and one patient cirrhosis. The CT findings that allowed confident diagnosis of this entity include increase in density of the mesenteric fat, poor definition of segmental mesenteric vessels, relative sparing of the retroperitoneal fat, and association with subcutaneous edema.

Edema↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT demonstration of myocardial perforation by a pacemaker lead.

We report a case of perforation of the right atrium by a transvenous right atrial appendage pacemaker lead diagnosed by CT. Routine radiologic assessment was unable to demonstrate the perforation. Computed tomography is recommended in cases where pacemaker perforation is clinically suspected but not confirmed by conventional radiographic means.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT appearance of focal pseudomembranous colitis.

Previous reports of the CT findings of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) have demonstrated the diffuse form of the disease. Although the focal nature of PMC is well recognized in the gastrointestinal literature, this manifestation has not been stressed in CT reports. We present three cases of focal colonic thickening detected on CT that proved to be PMC.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of primary retroperitoneal malignancies.

The CT examinations and medical records of 33 patients with primary retroperitoneal malignancies were reviewed. Computed tomography findings were then compared with those from scans performed on 122 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma who presented during the same time interval. Primary retroperitoneal neoplasms had three distinct CT appearances. Twenty-one patients (64%) had large soft tissue masses. Seven patients (21%) had masses with fatty density components, and five patients (15%) had tumors that were primarily of water attenuation. With the exception of those liposarcomas that contained recognizable fat, CT could not distinguish among the different cell types. Seventeen patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma had large dominant retroperitoneal soft tissue masses that resembled primary retroperitoneal malignancies. In most cases, however, CT was able to differentiate these tumor masses from primary retroperitoneal tumors. Although 19 of 20 sarcomas of soft tissue attenuation were heterogeneous, only six of the 17 lymphomas presenting as dominant masses had such an appearance. Computed tomography is extremely helpful in initially evaluating patients with primary retroperitoneal tumors and in assisting the surgeon in planning his or her approach by accurately defining tumor extent.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The optimal temporal window for CT of the liver using a time-density analysis: implications for helical (spiral) CT.

OBJECTIVE: Scanning protocols for conventional CT of the liver have been proposed. Current availability of helical CT with a four- to sixfold decrease in scan time requires significant adjustments in these protocols. The present study assesses the implications of time-density curves on the performance of helical liver CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients without liver lesions were studied for time-density analysis of the aorta, inferior vena cava (ICV), portal vein, and liver. Scans were performed at the level of the portal vein at baseline and every 15 s for 3 min following uniphasic administration of 150 ml (300 mg I/ml) nonionic contrast agent. Regions of interest were used to measure three areas in each anatomic structure over time. Median and mean peak enhancement times were calculated for all 20 patients. Cubic spline interpretation was employed to determine the point of equilibrium. RESULTS: Results demonstrated the following average maximum enhancement values and times for peak enhancement: aorta: 227 HU (75 s); liver: 123 HU (105 s); portal vein: 187 HU (90 s); IVC: 142 HU (90 s). Hepatic enhancement achieved 67 HU over baseline. Peak portal enhancement occurred 15 s prior to liver enhancement (p = 0.001). Aortic and hepatic curves became parallel (onset of equilibrium) at a median time of 120 s. CONCLUSION: Helical scanning requires a longer delay (70-80 s) than used for conventional CT. Upon application of these principles, scan initiation occurs higher on the liver enhancement curve, improving liver enhancement without impinging on equilibrium.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal exposure to a maternal low protein diet shortens life span in rats.

BACKGROUND: Postweaning diet restriction is associated with prolongation of life span, reduced age-related disease and slower ageing. The effects of diet restriction imposed prior to weaning have not been so well characterised, but studies suggest an opposite effect with increased age-related diseases occurring in offspring exposed to undernutrition in prenatal life. It remains unclear whether life span is similarly adversely affected by early diet restriction. OBJECTIVE: The present study in rats aimed to evaluate the impact of a maternal low protein diet upon the life span of the resulting offspring. METHODS: Rat dams were fed either a 180-gram casein/kg control diet or a 90-gram casein/kg low protein diet from conception until the end of pregnancy. The offspring were then maintained with minimal handling until death from natural causes or distress-necessitated euthanasia. RESULTS: The average life span of female rats exposed to low protein diets in utero was reduced by 11% (p = 0.044, Kaplan-Meier analysis). There was a similar but non- significant trend in the male offspring (control 76 +/- 3 weeks, low protein 73 +/- 3 weeks). In addition the rats exposed to a prenatal low protein diet had significantly higher systolic blood pressure at 4 weeks of age and tended to be smaller than control animals in postnatal life. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that intrauterine diet restriction reduces life span in rats and contrasts with the well-recognised increase in life span produced by postweaning diet restriction. The timing of the nutritional intervention appears to be critical and recognition of this is relevant to understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of diet restriction on ageing and life span.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Letter from Yemen.

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Headache↗
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What happens next?

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Accidental Falls↗
PubMedDate not supplied

People first.

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England↗
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Called to account.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in foods.

An isocratic liquid chromatographic (LC) technique is described for the determination of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in foods such as beverages, fruits, seafood, vegetables, sauces, and dairy, bakery, and confectionery products. A C18 column is used with methanol-phosphate buffer (5 + 95) as mobile phase and 4-hydroxyacetanilide or 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid as internal standard. Sample preparation is simple, rapid, and produces a sample extract that has a minimum effect on the column performance and life. Specificity of the method was checked against common food additives such as L-ascorbic acid, caffeine, artificial sweeteners (saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame), antioxidants (BHT, BHA) and artificial colors. Also described are 2 procedures for confirmation of the preservatives, using either redox reaction of sorbic acid with potassium permanganate or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Mean recoveries of 90-105% were obtained with a precision of 1-6% and a detection limit of 20 mg/kg for the 2 preservatives.

Benzoates↗