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Biomedical subjects

C Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to C Cooper.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Mathematical modeling of the head and neck response to -Gx impact accelration (minimum articulation requirements).

Data on the dynamic response of the living human head and neck to -Gx impact acceleration was analyzed. The Calspan 3-D Computer Simulator of a Motor Vehicle Crash Victim was used to provide estimates of the head and neck response to be expected for the very specific deceleration profiles simulated. Two segments connected via a pivot were used to represent the head-neck system. The monitored T1 deceleration profile was used to drive this system and the simulation head-neck response was checked for accuracy in replicating motional characteristics and trends in the response mechanism. Two head pivot locations were considered. The first was the occipital condylar point and the second was a theorized hingepoint in the head which minimized the distance from this point to the T1 anatomical coordinate system over the range of body orientations observed in the photographic data. For the two geometrical representations, a successive approximation technique was employed to analyze the resulting data. This approach initially removed all constraints to head and neck motion, and the resulting simulation results were compared to the human data. Restrictions to head and neck motion were then successively added until an adequate replication of the human data was obtained. This approach made it possible to correlate specific events, such as loading of the head-to-neck dorsiflexion limiting angle, to head deceleration profile characteristics. Results were compared to calculations obtained for eight additional subjects and proved to be in good agreement.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1977

The effect of topically applied agents on ultraviolet erythema in guinea pigs.

It has been shown previously that ultraviolet erythema (UV) is partially the result of a local release of prostaglandins. We have studied the effects of different classes of pharmacological agents applied topically to the skin of guinea pigs and have found indomethacin and pirprofen, both prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, to be highly effective suppressors of UV erythema. Our studies appear to further substantiate that prostaglandin synthesis and release may be the primary mechanistic process in the production of erythema and that the model itself can be predictive of both therapeutic and prophylactic effects of agents against sunburn.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1976

Quantitative analysis of metabolism of hepatic triglyceride in ethanol-treated rats.

An acute intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (0.7 or 2.1g/kg body wt.) causes the reversible, dose-dependent accumulation of hepatic triglyceride in rats. By using a pulse of [14C]palmitate injected into a tail vein, it was found that ethanol (2.1g/kg)had no effect on the flux of unesterified fatty acid of serum (4.3mumol/min per 100g body wt.). However, either dose increased the fraction of the total flux going to liver from 0.16 to0.27 as rapidly as could be measured (30s), and it remained elevated until all ethanol had been cleared from the blood. The fraction of the total radioactivity in lipids of liver that was in triglyceride increased linearly for 1 h from 30 to 50% and there was a simultaneous decrease in phospholipid from 60 to 40%. The rate of synthesis of hepatic triglyceride derived directly from unesterified fatty acid of serum was calculated by using the flux rate of unesterified fatty acid in serum, the fractional hepatic uptake of this flux, and the percentage of liver fatty acid esterified to triglyceride. This contribution is related to the total synthetic rate of hepatic triglyceride (rate of accumulation+rate of release) to determine quantitatively how much of the developing fatty liver is attributable to increased uptake of unesterfied fatty acid of serum. At the higher dose of ethanol, about half of the accumulating triglyceride is derived from this source, whereas with the lower dose of ethanol it can account for all of the build-up.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Mechanism of increased hepatic uptake of unesterified fatty acid from serum of ethanol-treated rats.

Studies were made on the mechanism by which livers of ethanol-treated rats take up an increased fraction of the total flux of unesterified fatty acid in serum. It was found that ethanol (0.7g/kg) causes a twofold rise in the serum content of liver, and that this serum is in rapid equilibrium with the general circulation. The fractional hepatic uptake from serum of group of compounds with varying uptake mechanisms and metabolic fates was studied in control and ethanol-treated animals. All the compounds tested, including unesterified fatty acid, showed an enhanced uptake when ethanol was given. For one of the compounds, carbon tetrachloride, a dose/response relationship was established between the amount administered, the amount taken up by liver, and the amount metabolized. These findings were interpreted to mean that this dose of ethanol causes the liver to receive an increased flow of blood, and as a result all compounds present and capable of being taken by liver are taken up at an increased rate. Hepatic blood flow was measured by a technique that monitors the rate of clearance of a colloidal lipid emulsion. It was found that ethanol increased hepatic blood flow by about 60%. This effect of ethanol on hepatic blood flow provides an explanation for the fatty liver and the synergistic effect between an acute dose of ethanol and carbon tetrachloride. A hypothesis to explain why a moderate dose of ethanol causes triglyceride to accumulate in liver is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Resuscitation teaching room in a district general hospital: concept and practice.

Practical training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation presents a problem because of the shortage of teacher time and the many potential trainees. A resuscitation teaching room in district general hospital has been established, equipped with training mannikins and models, together with wall diagrams and cassette recordings. The arrangement enables many trainees to gain training in small groups with minimal demand on teachers. Experience with the room in use has suggested that the concept may have an application in many district general hospitals and possibly also in large industrial concerns.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1976

Interaction of Vibrio cholerae toxin with sarcoma 180 cell membranes.

Three discrete phases are discernible in the activation, by Vibrio cholerae toxin, of adenylate cyclase in fragments of sarcoma 180 cell membranes. In the first, or preparatory, phase the toxin must be exposed to dithiothreitol or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in the absence of the membranes. In the second phase, the prepared toxin is dissociated to yield a macromolecular cyclase-activating factor (MCAF) in the presence of the membranes. In the third phase, membrane basal adenylate cyclase is activated by MCAF in the presence of NAD. The integrity of the catecholamine or beta-receptor associated with sarcoma adenylate cyclase is irrelevant in the activation of cyclase by MCAF. This activation proceeds undiminished even if the beta-receptor is desensitized or blocked by propranolol.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1975

Monistat cream (miconazole nitrate) a new agent for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Monistat Cream (miconazole nitrate 2%), a new fungicidal agent indicated for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis, was evaluated in a comparative study with nystatin vaginal tablets (100,-000 units each). A total of 95 pregnant and non-pregnant patients were treated. Miconazole nitrate was administered once daily, at bedtime, for 14 days to 55 pregnant and non-pregnant patients. Overall, 74.5% (41 of 55 patients) were cured with one course of therapy. In contrast, of 40 nystatin-treated patients (both pregnant and non-pregnant) treated twice daily for 15 days, 22 patients (57.8%) were cured with one course of therapy. This difference in cure rates was statistically significant. Side effects were minimal and comparable in the two treatment groups. No recorded instances of birth defects were observed in infants born to mothers in either treatment group. Monistate Cream, in this study, was found to be a safe and effective drug in treating both pregnant and nonpregnant patients with confirmed candidiasis.

Adolescent↗