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Biomedical subjects

C Cooke

Publications and source records attributed to C Cooke.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Mitochondrial toxicity of 2,5-diaziridinyl-3,6-bis-(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benzoquinone.

2,5-Diaziridinyl-3,6-bis-(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benzoquinone (AZQ) is an antitumor agent characterized by lipid solubility and the ability to penetrate the central nervous system. Two human glioma-derived cell lines, SNB-1 and SNB-2, proved by microcytotoxicity assay to be sensitive to AZQ, were examined with transmission electron microscopy for morphologic changes induced by this drug. AZQ was used in two ways: a) dissolved with dimethylacetamide (aqueous) at concentrations of 25 and 50 micrograms/ml and b) solid (surface plated) at 3.1 and 6.2 micrograms/mm2. A time study from 30 minutes to 48 hours was performed. Selective mitochondrial destruction was noted after 8 hours of exposure to AZQ. After 12 hours, condensation of chromatin along the periphery of the nucleus and dilation of endoplasmic reticulum were two other cellular reactions observed. Thus in addition to the known alkylating activity of AZQ, it has significant mitochondrial toxicity. This antimitochondrial effect is possibly an important factor in the antiglioma cell cytotoxicity of AZQ.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1977

Identification of semen in 500 patients seen because of rape.

Of 500 patients seen because of rape, semen was identified in vaginal secretions by the identification of spermatozoa in 61%, by an acid phosphatase value of 50 units or more in 40%, and by the identification of a foreign blood group substance or a high titer of own blood group substance in 16%. The addition of the determination of the acid phosphatase to the search for spermatozoa identified semen in only 1.4% more patients, or a total of 62.4%. Identification and titers of blood group substance were confirmatory only, but further characterized the source of the semen in 25% of those patients with spermatozoa. Spermatozoa were identified for as long as 48 hours, and elevated acid phosphatase was not found after 18 hours. Acid phosphatase was elevated in only 62% of patients with spermatozoa.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Barrett's esophagus: lack of association with adjuvant chemotherapy for localized breast carcinoma.

This study was designed to prospectively, endoscopically, and histologically determine the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in patients who had received adjuvant chemotherapy for localized breast carcinoma. Fifteen white women who received cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (N = 8) or cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil (N = 7) chemotherapy underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and esophageal biopsy a mean 31.1 months (median, 11 months) after completion of full-course chemotherapy. Twelve of 15 patients had experienced oral ulcerations, diarrhea, or odynophagia during chemotherapy. In no patient was Barrett's esophagus identified endoscopically or histologically. This study fails to demonstrate an increased prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in breast carcinoma patients who had received adjuvant chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modelling the associations of BMI physical activity and diet with arterial blood pressure: some results from the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey.

In order to identify risk factors (e.g. physical inactivity, dietary composition) associated with blood pressure within a given population, it is necessary to adjust for differences in known associations (e.g. age, body weight) using a method such as the analysis of covariance. However, the blood pressure results from the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey (ADNFS) were found to be non-linear with age, positively skewed (with heteroscedastic errors) and therefore non-normally distributed. Hence, before valid inferences can be drawn from such data, there is a clear need to formulate an appropriate model for blood pressure that will overcome these undesirable characteristics. A multiplicative model (with allometric body size components) was proposed and fitted to the ADNFS blood pressure results. After a logarithmic transformation the parsimonious solution was able to confirm the association with BMI, the non-linear changes with age, and overcome the heteroscedastic and positively skewed errors, i.e. the residuals from the fitted log-linear models for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were symmetric and normally distributed. Other factors were found to make a significant additional contribution to the prediction of blood pressure. Cyclists, participants in vigorous physical activity and those subjects who consumed more fresh fruit, rice or pasta, and wine were found to have significantly lower mean levels of blood pressure. Indeed, the gap in blood pressure between participants and non-participants in vigorous physical activity increased further with age. However, subjects who drank more beer tended to have significantly higher mean levels of blood pressure. Thus by developing an appropriate model for arterial blood pressure, some well known, and some less well known, associations with arterial blood pressure have been identified. The results suggest that physical activity and other lifestyle factors may protect against hypertension.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arrowroot as a treatment for diarrhoea in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: Arrowroot is an old-fashioned remedy for diarrhoea, but no clinical studies have been done to evaluate its effectiveness. The aim of this pilot study was to assess its efficacy as a treatment for diarrhoea in 11 patients, all of whom had irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea as a feature. METHODS: The patients were interviewed and a questionnaire completed on entry into the trial. They then took 10 mL arrowroot powder three times a day for one month and discontinued the treatment for the subsequent month. Questionnaires were completed after one month on treatment and at the end of the trial after one month off treatment. RESULTS: Arrowroot reduced diarrhoea and had a long-term effect on constipation. It also eased abdominal pain. CONCLUSION: Arrowroot is an effective treatment for diarrhoea. Its action could be explained by several theories which relate to an increase in faecal bulk and thus a more efficient bowel action. The number of patients was small, and further studies are needed to substantiate preliminary results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors related to publication productivity in a sample of female health educators.

OBJECTIVE: To examine factors related to success in academic publishing for women in health education and promotion. METHODS: Ten participants, identified as productive authors, submitted a copy of their curriculum vita and completed a questionnaire related to publishing productivity. RESULTS: Factors that contributed to successful publication included personal attributes, such as self-discipline and effective time management, and situational factors, such as talented collaborators, access to mentoring, and grant funding. Tips for maximizing productivity and enhancing collaborative efforts with colleagues are also presented. CONCLUSION: Findings support correlates of productivity in faculty members that have been reported in other academic disciplines.

Efficiency, Organizational↗