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Biomedical subjects

C Conrad

Publications and source records attributed to C Conrad.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Development of NADPH diaphorase-positive pedunculopontine nucleus neurons.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD-PH) diaphorase histochemistry was used to localize cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus of neonatal and adult rats. Measurements of cell body areas revealed an average area around 200 microns2 at birth, followed by a significant increase to approximately 500 microns2 by 2 weeks of age. Thereafter, there was a decrease in cell area such that by 5 weeks of age the neurons had attained their adult size of around 300 microns2. The marked increase in cell size at the end of 2 weeks of age is discussed in relation to significant events in the development of locomotor and other rhythmic function control systems.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Reliability of scintigraphic diagnosis of liver metastases.

Three experienced specialists in nuclear medicine independently read 52 liver scans for the presence or absence of metastases. The accuracy of the assessments was, for each of the observers and for the observers' agreed-upon assessments, determined against findings at laparotomy or autopsy. Overall accuracy, predictive values of a positive and negative test result, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.71-0.79, 0.80-0.90, 0.63-0.72, 0.63-0.77, and 0.77-0.91. The accuracy was not higher for the agreed-upon assessment than for each of the observers' assessments. The interobserver variation was calculated as overall agreement between pairs of observers and ranged from 0.85 to 0.94. After adjustment of overall agreement for chance agreement, kappa values from 0.70 to 0.88 were obtained. In the determination of intraobserver variation overall agreement rates and kappa values ranged from 0.90 to 0.94 and 0.84 to 0.88. The scintigraphic diagnosis of hepatic metastases is reliable but, to increase the reliability further, it should be examined whether observer error reflects error in the primary detection of findings in the scans or error in the overall interpretation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Projections of the mesencephalic locomotor region in the rat.

Retrograde labeling and electrophysiological techniques were used to determine the organization of efferent projections of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) in the rat. Injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or fluorescent dyes were made into suspected terminal zones of the MLR. After allowing for retrograde transport, the same animals underwent precollicular transection under anesthesia. The MLR was identified physiologically by the induction of controlled locomotion on a treadmill at low current (less than 50 microA) levels. Stimulation sites were marked and the brain processed accordingly. Retrogradely labeled cells in proximity (less than 0.5 mm) to locomotion-inducing stimulation sites were considered to be putative MLR neurons and were plotted according to stereotactic coordinates. These studies revealed the intrinsic organization of MLR neurons projecting to various brainstem sites. This organization may be related to the different types of transmitter systems involved in mediating MLR function.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ultrasonography of the thyroid. An intracystic carcinoma and mousetyphoid induced abscess. A report of two cases.

Two rare diseases of the thyroid gland are described. One, an intracystic carcinoma, has apparently only been described once before. The other, a mousetyphoid induced abscess, is extremely rare. Without ultrasonography both conditions would have been misdiagnosed in the first instance. It is advocated that all uncertain thyroid conditions and all "cold" areas on scintigraphy should be examined with ultrasonography.

Abscess↗
PubMed1983

Intravenous digital subtraction angiography. Collateral circulation to 'empty leg'.

Among 60 patients with uni- or bilateral occlusion of the common or external iliac arteries or both, 12 patients had collateral blood supply originating from the internal mammary or lateral thoracic arteries, or both. By means of intravenous digital subtraction angiography the thoracic arterial pathways and the non-occluded arteries of both legs, simultaneously, were easily demonstrated using the 30 cm effective field size of a Sirecon 33 triplex N image intensifier.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Erosive gastritis.

Erosive gastritis is a well-defined radiologic and endoscopic entity. It is one of the common causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, yet it is seldom diagnosed and often confused with a number of other diseases. This communication re-emphasizes the characteristic endoscopic and radiologic features of erosive gastritis and its differential diagnosis. Two representative cases are reported.

Diagnosis, Differential↗