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Biomedical subjects

C Collins

Publications and source records attributed to C Collins.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Fentanyl pharmacokinetics and hemodynamic effects in preterm infants during ligation of patent ductus arteriosus.

A bolus of 30 micrograms X kg-1 fentanyl was given to nine preterm infants (gestational age 31.8 +/- 4.7 weeks, weight 1100 +/- 309 g) for induction of anesthesia for ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus. Thirty minutes after the injection, fentanyl plasma concentrations were between 7.7 and 13.6 ng X ml-1. Elimination half-life was 6-32 hr (mean +/- SD, 17.7 +/- 9.3). Systolic blood pressure remained stable throughout surgery. There was a gradual increase in heart rate from 159 +/- 12 min-1 at the time of skin incision to 173 +/- 15 min-1 at the time of skin closure (P less than 0.05). Fentanyl plasma concentrations remained virtually unchanged between 30 min (10.6 +/- 1.9 ng X ml-1) and 120 min (9.6 +/- 1.6 ng X ml-1); whereas at the end of surgery most infants moved and breathed spontaneously. This phenomenon can be explained by redistribution of fentanyl from brain into pharmacodynamically inert tissues.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1984

Biochemical genetics of the mouse IgM system.

Using a mouse hybridoma system, we have developed methods of isolating a variety of mutant cell lines in which immunoglobulin function or synthesis is defective. The analysis of mutants defective in kappa chain synthesis has defined a class of murine transposons. The deletion mutants produce immunoglobulin M (IgM) bearing mu heavy chain fragments and provide information on the requirements of IgM assembly and mu gene expression. We also describe a transfer system for the mu and kappa genes which will be useful in analyzing the structural basis of IgM function.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

An evaluation of the EMIT st assay for the detection of tricyclic antidepressant drugs in plasma or serum.

The EMIT st assay for tricyclic antidepressant drugs (TADs) was evaluated for use as a screening technique in the detection of these drugs in serum or plasma. The qualitative assay was found to be rapid, easy to perform, requires no sample or reagent preparations, and reliably detected the TADs in patient samples at concentrations greater than or equal to 200 ng/mL. The technique also detected seventeen of nineteen patient samples with TAD concentrations ranging from 150-199 ng/mL and ten of forty-three samples with concentrations less than 150 ng/mL. The EMIT st assay was found to be a reliable technique for detecting high concentrations of TADs and is well-suited for use in emergency drug screening situations.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1982

Bacteriological survey of tuberculous lymphadenitis in South-east England: 1973-80.

During the eight years 1973-80 the Public Health Laboratory Service Regional Centre for Tuberculosis Bacteriology received cultures of mycobacteria from 2339 patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis. Of these, 2272 were M tuberculosis (2207 human and 65 bovine strains) and 67 were other mycobacterial species, usually M avium and its intracellulare variant. Disease due to the human strains of M tuberculosis occurred most often in young women of Asian ethnic origin. Many bovine strains isolated from Asian patients differ from the classical bovine type in being sensitive to pyrazinamide: the origin of these strains, whether from other people or from cattle, is unknown. Lymphadenitis due to bovine strains tended to occur in an older age group than the human strains and probably include relatively more cases of reactivation diseases. Infection caused by the other mycobacterial species occurred mainly in young children of European origin. Tuberculosis, therefore, remains an important cause of lymphadenopathy in Britain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Aspirin-caffeine interaction in the rat.

Both aspirin at a high dose (400 mg kg-1) and caffeine (5 mg kg-1) induced hyperactivity in the DA rat, but lower doses of aspirin were without effect. Caffeine-induced hyperactivity was brief (2 h) but that due to aspirin was evident from 1--6 h after dosing. Co-administration of the two drugs caused long-lasting hyperactivity, even with doses of aspirin which had no stimulant effects themselves. Absorptive and metabolic effects did not appear to play a major role in the interaction. The most likely effect is that of salicylate on catecholamine utilization in the central nervous system, which is compounded in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Developmental surveillance in general practice.

During a two-year study of a developmental surveillance programme covering all children under 5 in a large general practice in the south of England, 2157 children were examined, including 382 newborn babies seen at home. Suspected disorders--excluding those found during non-routine consultations--were discovered in 232 children (15% of boys and 11% of girls), of whom 171 (104 boys and 67 girls) were referred to specialist agencies. The number and nature of the disorders show that routine surveillance on the lines proposed by the Court Committee is worth while. Nevertheless, such programmes could not be started on a national scale without increased resources for the specialist services to which more children would need to be referred.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1978

Brief communication treatment of delusional depression with tranylcypromine.

Patients with depressions accompanied by delusional thinking are reported to respond poorly to tricyclic antidepressants. We present four cases of delusional depression successfully treated with tranylcypromine. Three patients had previously been treated unsuccessfully with adequate trials of tricyclic antidepressants and one had been treated with a tricyclic-phenothiazine combination with a poor response. These four patients experienced a dramatic reduction in depression and delusional thinking when treated with tranylcypromine. On the basis of these cases, tranylcypromine appears to be an effective treatment for some patients with delusional depressions.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1977

Analgesic abuse, renal papillary necrosis and concomitant drug intake.

In a retrospective survey of 145 patients coming to autopsy at a hospital in Sydney, 31 were found to have some form of renal papillary necrosis (RPN). Sixteen (52%) of those abused analgesic mixtures, there being a marked female preponderance (70%). A further two cases may have been linked with indomethacin and phenylbutazone. On the other hand, 15 (48%) of other analgesic abusers did not develop RPN and the differences between the two groups of abusers and a thrid group of non-abusers were studied in the hope of isolating a precipitating factor. Examination of concomitant drug intake revealed a positive correlation of RPN in abusers with the taking of diuretics and antihypertensive drugs. While these drugs may have been precribed to correct the sequelae of a silent renal lesion, an interactive component in its pathogenesis cannot be ruled out. Analgesic abuse but not RPN was linked with an increased consumption of barbiturates, psychotropic drugs, cardiac glycosides and antacids. Drug interactive effects may partly explain the sudden emergence of analgesic nephropathy 20 years ago.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1977

Classical pathway complement activation in association with paraproteinaemia.

Five of twenty-three patients with paraproteinaemia (two IgM, three IgG) have been shown to exhibit marked classical pathway complement activation. The mechanisms of hypocomplementaemia proposed for the five patients are cryoglobulinaemia in one and in vivo immunoglobulin aggregation in the other four. Three further patients had a low C1q and three a low C3 unassociated with any other complement abnormality. No association with any particular IgG subclass or obvious clinical abnormality existed in association with hypocomplementaemia.

Complement C1↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the modification of renal lesions due to aspirin and oxyphenbutazone in the rat and the effects on the kidney of 2:4 dinitrophenol.

Cortical tubular necrosis induced by either aspirin (300 mg/kg) or oxyphenbutazone (444 mg/kg) was reduced if probenecid (300 mg/kg) was administered at the same time. The prior administration of aspirin (600 mg/kg) reduced the tubular necrosis that follows administration of oxyphenbutazone (444 mg/kg) alone, thus demonstrating that some degree of cross-tolerance between the two drugs occurs. Phenacetin pretreatment (597 mg/kg) was less effective, while paracetamol (503 mg/kg) was without effect in this regard. Those substances that reduced the oxyphenbutazone-induced cortical lesion also ameliorated the focal degenerative change in the lower nephron attributed to this drug. Oral administration of 2:4 dinitrophenol (20 mg/kg) led to only minor cortical tubular necrosis in a few animals.

Acetaminophen↗