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Biomedical subjects

C Coles

Publications and source records attributed to C Coles.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Rewarming hypothermic postanesthesia patients: a comparison between a water coil warming blanket and a forced-air warming blanket.

The warming effects of a Blanketrol water coil-heated hypothermia blanket and a Bair Hugger forced-warm air warming blanket were compared. Thirty-two patients admitted to the PACU with temperatures 34.4 degrees C (94 degrees F) or lower were assigned to treatment with the Blanketrol (Cincinnati Sub-Zero Products, Cincinnati, OH) or the Bair Hugger (Augustine Medical, Eden Prairie, MN) in alternating fashion, and treatment continued until the patients' temperatures reached 36.1 degrees C (97 degrees F). Every half hour each patient's temperature was measured using a tympanic temperature device and recorded on the data collection sheet. Analysis of the findings showed that the forced-air warming blanket warmed patients to 36.1 degrees C (97 degrees F) or higher significantly faster than the water coil-heated blanket (P < .001).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural evaluation of tattoos treated with three laser systems.

We examined the response of tattoo pigments treated with three commercially available lasers: Q-switched ruby, Q-Switched neodynium:yttrium,aluminum,garnet (Nd:YAG), and the alexandrite. Tattoos applied to hairless guinea pigs and treated with the aforementioned lasers were evaluated clinically, histologically, and ultrastructurally. Clinical evaluation showed red brown, dark brown, and orange pigment responded best to the Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm). The alexandrite laser was most effective for removing blue and green pigment, the Q-switched ruby laser was most effective for removing purple and violet pigment, and the Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) removed red pigment the best. Black pigment was lightened equally with the Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) and (532 nm) and the alexandrite laser (755 nm). No clinical scarring was observed; however, some colors turned black after treatment. Histologic and ultrastructural examination showed epidermal and dermal damage to be most evident after treatment with the Nd:YAG laser. Our study shows that certain tattoo pigments respond better to different laser systems.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1994

Training for medical teachers: a UK survey, 1993.

Opportunities and resources for training of medical teachers have been criticized in recent UK reports. A survey of undergraduate and postgraduate medical deans showed that training courses were available at most institutions, though only a few were specifically designed for medical teachers. Many new and specific courses are being planned and many new appointments are being made in medical education at both medical school and postgraduate levels. While the outcome of greater resources for training of medical education cannot yet be determined, we conclude that criticisms are being speedily addressed.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1994

Medicine and stress.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1994

Learning to cope: stress and medical career development in the United Kingdom.

This review addresses medical career development in the United Kingdom. This differs from other countries, and the structure of both undergraduate and postgraduate medical education is described in some detail. Problems identified from research surveys are given, and some of the proposals made to solve them are discussed. It is concluded that three main issues need to be addressed: greater attention needs to be paid to educational processes; teachers and their teaching must be valued; and appropriate support systems should be provided for medical students and trainees.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Detection of point mutations in the p53 gene: comparison of single-strand conformation polymorphism, constant denaturant gel electrophoresis, and hydroxylamine and osmium tetroxide techniques.

A comparison was made between the 3 most commonly used techniques for the detection of point mutations: single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), constant denaturant gel electrophoresis (CDGE), and hydroxylamine and osmium tetroxide used in amplification mismatch cleavage analysis (HOT). Using human DNA samples containing known mutations in the p53 gene, SSCP detected 90% of mutations (18/20), CDGE detected 88% (15/17) pre-decoding of the samples but 100% when the mutations were known and the CDGE conditions optimized, and the HOT technique was 100% accurate, although 1 mutation was missed through careless examination of the gel. The positive and negative aspects of each of the techniques are considered and suggestions are made regarding the particular situations in which each of them is most useful.

DNA, Single-Stranded↗
PubMed1993

Developing medical education.

This article reviews the current state of undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, and suggests changing the educational methods used rather than rearranging the content of courses. A learner centred approach is described, and its applications to postgraduate medical education discussed. Some research and development implications are considered.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1992

p53 mutations in breast cancer.

We have identified and analyzed 41 mutations in p53 in sporadic breast tumors from 136 unselected breast cancer patients and estimate that approximately 40% of such tumors contain p53 mutations. The frequency of G-T transversions and the incidence of guanosine mutations in the nontranscribed strand of the p53 gene were found to be higher than expected, and we suggest, therefore, that exogenous carcinogens have an etiological role in sporadic breast cancers. Mutations were recorded in 44 codons of the p53 gene, with no obvious mutational hot-spots, although mutations at codons 175, 194, 273, and 280 accounted for 25% of the changes. One germ-line mutation was found in 136 patients and so we conclude that constitutional mutation of p53 may be an uncommon etiological factor in breast cancer.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1990

Evidence implicating at least two genes on chromosome 17p in breast carcinogenesis.

The DNA of paired tumour and blood leucocyte samples from a large series of breast cancer patients was analysed to map regions of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17. The high frequency of loss of heterozygosity on 17p was confirmed, and a third of informative tumours had also lost an allele at the long arm locus THH59. On the short arm two distinct regions of loss of heterozygosity were identified, in bands p13-3 and p13-1. The latter probably involves the structural gene p53, which has been implicated as an oncogene or as a tumour suppressor in various human cancers. 17p 13-3, however, showed a significantly higher frequency of loss of heterozygosity, and there was no correlation between allele losses at the two sites. Nevertheless, loss of heterozygosity at 17p 13-3 is associated with overexpression of p53 mRNA, suggesting the existence of a gene some 20 megabases telomeric of p53 that regulates its expression. Lesions of this regulatory gene seem to be involved in the majority of breast cancers.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Late-onset schizophrenia. Studying clinical validity.

The authors compared clinical characteristics of 36 late-onset schizophrenic patients from four centers (hospitals in San Diego, Baltimore, Los Angeles, and Montreal). There was a preponderance of the paranoid type with bizarre delusions and auditory hallucinations, chronic course of illness, and response to relatively low doses of neuroleptics. A comparison of late-onset and younger schizophrenic patients revealed both similarities and differences between the two groups. The authors reviewed the relevant literature and discussed the implications for assessing the validity of the concept of late-onset schizophrenia. They believe that, although less common, late-onset schizophrenia is probably as valid an entity (or group of entities) as schizophrenia with onset before age 45.

Adult↗