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Biomedical subjects

C Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to C Cohen.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Tuberculosis of the distal colon. A case report.

A case of tuberculosis of the distal colon is described. The presenting features and the sites of the lesions are unusual even in a country where gastrointestinal tuberculosis is common. Attention is drawn to the diagnostic difficulty encountered, as the lesion is often clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from amoebiasis, carcinoma or Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Malignant mixed tumor of the gallbladder: report of two cases and a review of the literature.

Two cases of malignant mixed tumor of the gallbladder are reported. The histology of both revealed malignant mesenchymal elements (chondroid, osteoid, fibrous) admixed with adenocarcinoma. One patients had widespread disease and died three days following diagnosis. The second patient had tumor limited to the gallbladder and is alive with no evidence of disease 31 months following cholecystectomy. Only three other such tumors are reported in the English literature. Analysis of these cases indicates that the behavior and etiology of malignant mixed tumors may be similar to that of carcinomas of the gallbladder.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Multifocal relapse after concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy of small cell lung cancer.

Twenty-one patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were treated with cyclophosphamide (1250 mg/m2), Adriamycin (40 mg/m2), vincristine (2 mg) every three weeks. Thoracic radiotherapy (3000 rad: 10 or 15 fractions) began four weeks after starting chemotherapy. Patients with brain metastases received cranial irradiation. Thirteen of 19 evaluable patients responded to therapy (four complete responses). Sixteen of 19 had significant intrathoracic response (eight complete). Of the three patients without an intrathoracic tumor response, two had simultaneous progression in systemic locations and only one had intrathoracic progression preceding systemic progression. Intrathoracic relapse preceded systemic relapse in two patients, was simultaneous with it in six and followed systemic relapse in four others. Therefore only three patients had intrathoracic tumor progression or relapse preceding systemic progression or recurrence. The more intensive course of radiotherapy was significantly better in preventing intrathoracic tumor progression. Although intrathoracic tumor control is important, primary failure of therapy or relapse appears to be multifocal. Future attention must be directed toward control of multiple potential sites of relapse.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in Southern African hepatocellular carcinoma patients. An immunoperoxidase and histochemical study.

An increased frequency of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) has been reported in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Scandinavia and England. Using a specific immunoperoxidase technique for alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) with and without diastase predigestion, the authors examined nonneoplastic autopsy liver tissue from 58 black southern African patients with HCC and from 54 controls. No periportal PAS-positive diastase-resistant globules containing AAT (specific for AATD) were found in liver tissue from either group. A finely granular diffuse cytoplasmic AAT staining (not removed by diastase predigestion) was present in hepatocytes in a "checkerboard" pattern within the lobule in 33 (57%) HCC patients and in 20 (37%) controls (P greater than 0.1), and was particularly prominent adjacent to tumor in 11 HCC patients. Alpha-1-antitrypsin was present in neoplastic cells in 18 of the 40 HCC examined (45%). These findings suggest no major role for AATD in the etiology of HCC in southern Africa.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1982

Captopril-induced skin eruptions.

Seven of 23 hypertensive patients treated with captopril (SQ 14,225), an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor, developed a pruritic, erythematous, macular, and papular eruption of the trunk, face, and proximal extremities. The eruption appeared one to 31 weeks after initiation of captopril therapy and was associated with diarrhea (three patients), fever (two patients), and generalized arthralgias (one patient). Six patients had an increased percentage of band cells (5 to 34 per cent) on peripheral smear without an associated leukocytosis. In one patient, the skin rash was associated with a peripheral eosinophilia (20 per cent). Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia, and acute renal failure with eosinophiluria. There were no changes in BUN, creatinine, or urinalyses in the remaining patients. Four patients showed a transient rise in plasma PGE without concomitant changes in plasma PFG2 alpha or 6-keto PGF1 alpha, and three patients had slight elevations in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Skin biopsies revealed a perivascular and perifollicular lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltrate with negative immunofluorescence to IgG, IgM, IgA, and beta 1 C. The skin eruption and associated symptoms resolved in all patients, even though captopril administration was continued in six of the seven patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mallory-Weiss syndrome secondary to cis-platinum chemotherapy: an unusual complication.

The Mallory-Weiss syndrome is a relatively infrequent cause of digestive tract bleeding and most cases have been described in alcoholics. Nonoperative management is frequently successful. We present here a case of sudden onset of wretching and vomiting after IV infusion of cis-platinum for recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix in which the patient had profuse hematemesis secondary to three posterior gastroesophageal tears requiring operative intervention after failure of nonsurgical management. This is an unusual complication of antineoplastic chemotherapy and its prevention is emphasize in this paper.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1982

Gas mixing in the lungs of dogs and pigs.

We performed single breath washouts in 14 dogs and 4 pigs using a gas mixture containing 5% helium (He) and 5% sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) with, and without, an end inspiratory breathhold. In dogs, the slope of the alveolar plateau was steeper for SF6 than for He, the difference decreasing after 20 sec of breathholding. In contrast, in pigs there was no difference between the two slopes although both were steeper than in dogs. Following a 15-sec breathhold, both slopes decreased, that of the He plateau becoming significantly flatter than that for SF6. Furthermore, the expirate became relatively SF6 enriched. The results indicate that in pigs the mechanism responsible for the sloping alveolar plateau is not diffusion dependent, and hence cannot be due to 'stratification'. Neither do the results support diffusive interaction within an asymmetrical acinus as a basis for the slope. Our findings suggest that the latter is due to sequential emptying of relatively large units subtended by a branch point in which gas transport is entirely convective.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Matching molecules in the catch mechanism.

A new structural model is advanced to account for the specialized "catch" contraction of molluscan smooth muscles. The myosin of the thick filaments of these muscles is pictured as comprising a single layer of molecules whose assembly and activity are controlled by the underlying core of paramyosin. This organization differs from that in other muscles in which the myosin is grouped into bundles. The catch state--in which the lifetime of the actin-myosin linkage is extended--would depend directly on this special organization that allows an interaction of the entire rod region of myosin with the paramyosin core. This interaction might be modulated by phosphorylation of paramyosin.

Actins↗
PubMed1982

Commercial immunoperoxidase kits in the study of 13 pancreatic islet-cell tumors.

Use of commercial immunoperoxidase kits for the study of gastrin, glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin production in 13 islet-cell tumors was assessed. Kits save time in preparation and technic, are convenient and easy to use, and are economical for occasional tests. Results are reproducible, with crisp immunostain, minimal background staining, and high sensitivity so that interpretation is easy. The relevant hormone was specifically identified in seven symptomatic tumors. Of six asymptomatic tumors, five showed strongly positive glucagon immunostain and one somatostatin. Nine tumors, in addition, contained somatostatin. Three tumors produced a third hormone. Use of kits can prove expensive for large numbers of tests. Reagents supplied were of unknown dilution and usually insufficient to run negative controls concurrently. Fading of immunostain was noticed after six months of storage.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1982

Endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinoma: an immunoperoxidase and histochemical study.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been demonstrated in endocervical but not in endometrial adenocarcinomas, suggesting a valuable differentiating feature. Using an immunoperoxidase technique for CEA, alcian blue (AB)-periodic acid-Schiff stain for acidic and neutral mucosubstances, respectively, and Mayer's mucicarmine for epithelial mucosubstances, 13 endocervical and 21 endometrial adenocarcinomas were studied to delineate differentiating criteria. CEA was present in all endocervical adenocarcinomas with strongly positive immunostaining in 69%, diffusely throughout the tumor in 77%, intracellularly in 77%, in luminal secretions in 39%, and at the cell surface in 31%. Only 11 (52%) endometrial adenocarcinomas contained CEA, 82% with weak immunostaining, 64% focally, 82% at the cell surface and 36% intracellularly. Mucin was present in 12 (92%) endocervical lesions with AB-positive intracellular and luminal secretion in 83%, strong positivity in 42%, and a diffuse distribution in 60% with all three stains. Moderate or small amounts of mucin were present in 19 (91%) endometrial lesions, focally in 80%, in luminal secretions in 94%, and intracellularly in 42%. Thus, the majority of endocervical adenocarcinomas showed abundant diffusely distributed intracellular CEA and mucin, and mucinous luminal secretions. Half of the endometrial adenocarcinomas contained focal small amounts of apical surface CEA. Mucin was present focally particularly in luminal secretions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

The neuropsychological status of adolescent delinquent boys.

The neuropsychological status and neuromotor performance of adolescent boys from lower middle class social environments who were detained as juvenile delinquents were compared to those of non-delinquent, lower and upper middle class controls. The delinquent index group showed pervasive impairment on all language measures, relative to both control groups, but did not differ from the latter on most neuropsychological measures that do not involve linguistic processing. Delinquents also demonstrated more minor neurological signs than either of the control groups; in the delinquents, but not in the control groups, neurological status predicted language performance.

Adolescent↗