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Biomedical subjects

C Clarke

Publications and source records attributed to C Clarke.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterase activities in the mouse cerebellum following misonidazole treatment.

The acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterase activities in the mouse cerebellum were unchanged following misonidazole treatment. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity only occurred at concentrations of misonidazole which were in excess of those obtained clinically. These findings indicate that the clinical neurotoxicity of the drug cannot be attributed to an effect on cholinesterases.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1981

Hospice planning in North Staffordshire.

A study of the work of the Douglas Macmillan Home at Blurton, Stroke-on-Trent, during the years 1974-76 suggests that hospice care for those dying from terminal malignancy is required on a minimum scale of 50 or 60 beds per million of the population and that 10 per cent more women than men will be admitted. Enquiries have shown that these estimates are reliable and that the service is valued locally.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Effect of irradiation on lysosomal enzyme activation in cultured macrophages.

The effect of gamma-rays on lysosomal enzyme activity of normal and immune macrophages of DBA/2 mice cultured in vitro has been studied. Quantitative cytochemical methods have been used for measuring lysosomal enzyme activity. A dose of 500 rad did not significantly affect lysosomal enzyme activity 3 hours after irradiation but caused the activity to increase to 1x4 times the control value 22x5 hours after irradiation. 22x5 hours after a dose of 3000 rad the enzyme activity increased to 2x5 times the control. Lysosomal enzyme activity of the macrophages was also markedly increased by immunization of the mice with D lymphoma cells, before culture in vitro, but irradiation of these cells with a dose of 500 rad caused a further increase in lysosomal enzyme activity. The results indicate that immunization and irradiation both cause stimulation of lysosomal enzyme activity in macrophages but that the mechanisms of activation are unlikely to be identical.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Effectiveness of urine surveillance as an adjunct to outpatient psychotherapy for drug abusers.

Twenty-nine polydrug abusers were randomly assigned to three out-patient treatment groups after inpatient detoxification. The groups were outpatient psychotherapy (1) with urine surveillance, (2) without surveillance, and (3) waiting list control. Tests were administered before and 3 months after outpatient treatment began. All groups made positive changes during treatment including significant reduction in drugs abused and numbers of subjects reporting less time spent in illegal activity. Notable significant differences were Group 3's reduction in social introversion vs Groups 1 and 2, and Group 1's retaining fewer drug-using friends and showing greatest reduction in barbiturate use frequency vs Groups 2 and 3. Experimenters concluded urine surveillance was somewhat helpful as an adjunct to outpatient psychotherapy but suggested its effect could be amplified by employing more rigorous surveillance procedures, especially if contingency contracting were utilized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Deaths from rhesus haemolytic disease in England and Wales in 1977: accuracy of records and assessment of anti-D prophylaxis.

All the death certificates for deaths in 1977 where haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) was the principal, an antecedent, or a contributory cause were obtained from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS). The hospital notes of all 54 of the live-born cases and all of the 101 stillbirths were also obtained. The cause of the death indicated by the notes was compared with the cause and coding on the death certificate. In about a quarter of the cases death was not due to haemolytic disease of any type. The commonest errors arose because the International Classification of Diseases (8th edition) stipulates that hydrops without mention of cause should be coded as HDN and because stillbirths to rhesus-negative mothers tend to be attributed to rhesus HDN automatically. Though deaths from HDN may be overestimated in this way, they are also underestimated because rhesus disease, although mentioned on the certificate, is not selected as the underlying cause, which it may be. These cases were found through multiple coding of all the contributory causes of death, which OPCS performs on a 25% sample of all death certificates for research purposes. These two sources of inaccuracy tend to cancel each other out, but statistics from death certificates give a misleading picture of the efficacy of anti-D prophylaxis because anti-D can never prevent cases which are not in fact due to rhesus HDN. Most of the mothers studied had become immunised before anti-D became available, but in those who could have been treated 75% had not received prophylaxis. As this was a sample of deaths, however, it would not be accurate to extrapolate this high figure to the population at risk. Nevertheless, the organisation of prophylaxis is clearly deficient and should be remedied before providing antenatal anti-D to supplement postnatal treatment.

Death Certificates↗
PubMed1978

Spontaneous abortion and fetal abnormality in subsequent pregnancy.

In a prospective survey neural tube defects and other congenital abnormalities were studied in the babies born to 510 mothers ascertained during pregnancy. The women were divided into two groups according to the outcome of their immediately preceding pregnancy. Those whose preceding pregnancy had resulted in a spontaneous abortion (256 women) formed the index cases; those in whom the outcome had been a normal baby (254 women) served as controls. There was a highly significant increased number of congenital abnormalities in the index cases. This may possibly be explained by the trophoblastic "rest" hypothesis and suggests that spontaneous abortions are more relevent to congenital abnormalities than has been thought.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗