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Biomedical subjects

C Chaussy

Publications and source records attributed to C Chaussy.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Changes in blood flow and vasculature of the dog kidney undergoing normothermic and hypothermic ischaemia.

In 11 mongrel dogs both kidneys have been subjected to a 2 h ischaemic period. One kidney was cooled by perfusing the renal artery at 4 degrees C while the contralateral normothermic kidney was clamped for 2 h. Studying the renal blood flow using the Xenon wash out technique, sequential renal scanning and angiography, marked differences between hypo- and normothermic ischaemia kidneys were observed. One or two hours following hypothermic perfusion a marked decrease of blood flow in the first compartment and vasoconstriction was evident, while within this period following normothermic ischaemia an enhanced renal blood flow was observed. After 24 h renal blood flow and renal function tested by 131I-Hippuran clearance returned to normal values. Angiographic studies corresponding to the preoperative findings. In contrast, normothermic ischaemia kidneys showed a decreased renal blood flow, impairment of kidney function in isotope studies and pathological angiographic changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Renal perfusion during experimental hyper-acute rejection. 133-xenon perfusion compared with microscopy and angiography (author's transl)].

Twenty-two cat kidneys and 11 pig kidneys were incorporated into canine circulatory systems. The delayed hyper-acute and hyper-acute rejections produced by these models were studied with respect to blood flow and blood distribution with an intra-arterial 133-xenon wash-out technique at intervals of 7-30 minutes until the death of the kidney at 40 minutes to twelve hours. In addition, magnification angiograms and serial cortical biopsies were obtained for continuous histological study of the rejection phenomenon. At the beginning of the rejection process, there is a reduction in blood-flow through the cortex. During delayed hyper-acute rejection, cortical flow could no longer be demonstrated 180 minutes after the period of flow maximum. After A.L.G. treatment of dogs, rejection could be delayed for ten to twelve hours. Magnification angiograms showed characteristic changes consisting of irregular segmental and interlobar arteries, occlusion of small cortical vessels and focal contrast accumulation in the renal cortex. The changes in blood-flow and blood distribution measured with 133-xenon and the vascular findings on the angiogram could be correlated with the microscopic findings. Serial estimations of blood flow and blood distribution with the xenon blood wash-out technique permit differentiation between shock kidney and rejection following renal transplantation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Kidney transplantation following treatment with cyclophosphamide and bone marrow grafting.

Canine cyclophosphamide (CY) chimeras permanently accept kidney and skin grafts as do radiation chimeras. Three of five dogs with reversion of chimerism rejected their kidney grafts within 11-16 days, while two of them retained their kidney grafts permanently. These results suggest that the reversion of chimerism in CY chimeras may be due to different mechanisms, either immunologic rejection or a nonimmunologic substitution of the grafted marrow by the host's own hemopoiesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Organ tolerance and incomplete bone marrow chimera in dogs].

Cyclophosphamide-induced chimeras develop organ tolerance as do radiation chimeras, as long as hemopoietic cells of donor origin are detectable, independent of the degree of chimerism (n = 7). 4 of 7 dogs with reversion of chimerism rejected their kidney grafts within 11 to 29 days. Three of them, however, retained their kidney grafts permanently indicating that a transient chimerism of a few months duration may be sufficient for induction of tolerance to marrow donor organs in Cy-chimeras. The results suggest that the reversion of chimerism in Cy-chimeras may be due to different mechanisms either immunological rejection or a non-immunological substitution of the grafted marrow by the host's own hemopoiesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[The implantation of human kidney stones--a simple experimental model (author's transl)].

Human kidney stones of different chemical components were implanted into the renal pelvis of 15 mongrel dogs. In the first surgical intervention the ureter was ligated near the bladder. Eight days later a second laparotomy was performed. It was possible to implant concrements with a diameter of about 1 - 1.5 cm into the dilated pelvis. At the same time urinary stasis was removed by a neoureterostomy. This method offers a unique experimental model for the evaluation of problems involved in litholysis of human kidney stones by chemical and physical methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Changes in perfusion and blood flow distribution following normo- and hypothermic ischemia of the kidneys].

Experimental examinations were performed in 22 dogs to find out the mechanism which leads to a permanent or a reversible damage of the renal parenchyma after normo- and hypothermic ischemia. For this reason the perfusion and the distribution were examined with 133Xe, the vascular changes by angiography, and the parenchymal function with 131I-Hippuran. After normothermic ischemia a short-term reactive hyperemia appeared, which however could not compensate the damage of the renal tubular cells and the resulting excretory insufficiency. After hypothermic ischemia the perfusion was reduced, probably as a consequence of a vasconstriction by cold, however, the function of the tubular cells remained intact, because of the protective mechanism of the hypothermia. The importance of these findings for the development of the so-called "shock-kidney" (acute tubular necrosis) and for the conservative renal surgery in hypothermia is discussed and the application of measures beneficial to perfusion, are suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Value of sequential scintrigraphy and clearance determination following normo- and hypothermic renal ischemia].

Using quantitative sequential camera scintigraphy and simultaneous separated clearance determinations with 131-I-Hippuran and 169-Yb-EDTA renal function was measured applying a new surgical method which permits in-situ kidney perfusion and cooling in animals and patients. While mongrel dogs of 15 kg average weight (control group of N = 5) showed after 1 hour of normothermic ischaemia a postoperative delay of intrarenal transport of 131-I-Hippuran with reduction of 131-I-Hippuran and 169Yb-EDTA clearances, renal function returned to normal on the first postoperative day after 1-hour (N = 5) and 2-hour (N = 5) hypothermic ischaemia. In patients (N = 9) with hypothermic in-situ perfusion of between 40 and 92 min duration a transient postoperative delay of intrarenal 131-I-Hippuran transport and a reduction of the 131I-Hippuran clearance was observed which returned to almost normal 1 1/2 to 3 months after surgery. The results and the significance of the method discussed and are compared with clinical findings and with radiological and laboratory renal function studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Xenogeneic skin and kidney transplants in a closely related canine system, fox-dog.

Fox kidney and skin grafts were transplanted into dog recipients. Fox kidneys, transplanted en bloc into untreated dogs, survived 6.2 +/- 0.4 days. The skin transplants survived 5.9 +/- 1.4 days. The grafted kidneys showed almost normal function before rejection. Both skin and kidney rejection were mediated through a cellular mechansim. Performed natural antibodies against donor tissue were not present in the serum of the recipients. These results combined with absorption studies suggested a close relationship between fox and dog, but different number and morphology of chromosomes, immunoelectrophoretic patterns of serum proteins, and disparities of the transplantation antigens proved that the fox is a species quite separate from the dog. It was concluded that the fox-dog system, with its similarity to the chimpanzeeman relationship, offers a unique model to study clinically applicable methods of managing xenografts between closely related species.

Animals↗