Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Chastang

Publications and source records attributed to C Chastang.

244 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Design and analysis of phase II trials in oncology with a group sequential method, the triangular test].

In cancer, phase II clinical trials are most of the time non comparative trials, the purpose of which is to determine whether a new chemotherapy is effective enough to warrant further study in phase III. So, it is necessary, at this stage, to dispose of decision methods which allow, for ethical reasons, for early stopping when inefficacy or efficacy is evident. In a previous work, we have extended to these phase II trials two group sequential methods initially proposed in phase III, and we have demonstrated the advantages of these methods (type I error alpha and power close to the nominal values, reduction of the sample size) as compared to the main methods proposed in the literature. The aim of this paper is to present the method which appears to be the best suited to phase II clinical trials, the triangular test. After a first part, focused on its theoretical aspects, the second part, more practical, presents its use for the design of a cancer trial and its analysis.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Local tolerance of subcutaneous heparin. Double-blind comparison of calcium and sodium heparins (author's transl)].

One hundred and twelve subcutaneous injections of concentrated heparin (25,000 IU/ml), half in sodium heparin and half in calciparine, both with an identical heparin cation, were given in doses varying from 0.2 ml to 0.5 ml by a single operator in a double-blind study to assess the comparative local tolerance of the two heparin salts. The occurrence of bruising at the point of injection, more frequent with sodium heparin than with Calciparine, proved to be the distinguishing factor. Overall after 48 hours, 31 hematomas were observed with the sodium salt versus 20 with calciparine. McNemar's test of comparing matched proportions confirms this result (p = 0.03) and, with the order of the two treatments taken into consideration, J.J. Gart's exact test gives p = 0.0101.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Efficacy of measles vaccination in young malnourished African children].

A survey aiming at assessing the anti-measles vaccination efficiency among malnourished children, 1-3 years old, has been conducted in rural Upper-Volta. The haemagglutination inhibition technique has been used and antibodies titers higher or equal to 20 were considered as markers of protective immunity. Malnutrition does not seem to be a factor that decreases the anti-measles antibodies production, because there is no significative difference between seroconversion percentages of well and malnourished children. It is proposed that a new serological technique would be useful in the assessment of actual post-vaccinal immunity, mainly in children with ages ranging from 6 to 12 months old.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endemic syphillis in Upper Volta. A peculiar aspect of the epidemiological profile].

A seroimmunological survey was realised in Upper Volta using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. It showed that endemic syphilis also known as bejel is not exclusively encountered in Sahelian regions. So, in Kora village which is located in a savannah area prevalence was around 10.3%. The disease particularly affects males. Congenital syphilis is certainly exceptional for first cases of serological treponematosis were only detected after 5 years. Endemic syphilis distribution in microfocuses in the village area underlines that promiscuity acts as a contributing factor for contamination.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Double blind randomized comparative study of two antihypertensive combinations. Enalapril-hydrochlorothiazide versus enalapril-nifedipine in 240 hypertensive patients resistant to monotherapy].

The combination of two antihypertensive drugs is recommended when mild to moderate hypertension is not controlled by sequential monotherapy. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and the safety of the combination enalapril 20 mg-hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg to that of enalapril 20 mg-nifedipine SL 20 mg x 2. Two hundred and forty four hypertensive patients not controlled (DPB > 95 mmHg) by a single dose of enalapril 20 mg/24 h, received for 4 weeks, one of these two combined therapies in a randomized double-blind trial. The efficacy was of same amplitude in the two groups (DBP: -10.8 mmHg enalapril-hydrochlorothiazide vs-10.3 mmHg enalapril-nifedipine). The side effects were less frequent in the enalapril-hydrochlorothiazide group (14 per cent vs 24 per cent, p = 0.04).

Adult↗