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C Chastang

Publications and source records attributed to C Chastang.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Parenthood diagnosis within a family. I. Algorithm and decision-making (author's transl)].

The knowledge of human polymorphism provides an invaluable tool in the analysis of parenthood. This paper deals with the fatherhood diagnosis within a family (presumed father, mother, children) and describes a computer program, called Fratrie, which identifies parenthood rejections and computes different decisional indices. The analysis of these indices points out a neglected index, the percentage of men rejected with respect to the (mother, children) set. We propose a new decisional strategy using this index.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

Prognostic knowledge: interest and methods.

The value of prognostic information and some of the statistical aspects of prognostic studies are discussed. In the first part, seven areas of medical activity where knowledge of prognostic factors is used are identified: prediction of disease evolution, treatment decisions, design and analysis of clinical trials, comparison of non-randomized series of patients, assessment of additional clinical examinations and laboratory tests, understanding of the physio-pathology of disease, screening. In the second part, the nature of the data collected in prognostic studies is discussed, and a few statistical methods useful for the identification of prognostic factors are outlined. The paper concludes with an example of a prognostic study in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

Application of the study of prognostic factors to the treatment of childhood (less than 20 years old) acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

405 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were stratified according to age, initial leucocytes count, lymph nodes, liver and spleen size, into three prognostic classes I, II, III. Protocol 08 LA 74 which they were applied included: 1)initial randomization between Prednisone, Vincristine, Daunorubicin or the same plus Cyclophosphamide for induction and reinductions; 2)doses adjustments to prognostic factors, increased doses being given to increased risk patients; 3)comparison between intrathecal Methotrexate and intrathecal Methotrexate plus Ara-C in addition to skull irradiation for CNS prophylaxis; 4)L-Asparaginase consolidation for all patients; 5)maintenance by 6-Mercaptopurine and Methotrexate in all patients and reinductions. The most striking conclusions to date are the improvement for increased risk patients, the frequency of primary testicular relapses contrasting with the low rate of meningitis, the prognostic implication of sex, the influence on remission duration of the number of courses necessary to achieve complete remission, the importance of using Cox Method to improve the identification of prognostic groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Criteria for the evaluation of the antirheumatic (antiinflammatory) drugs in man].

Comparison of 5 antiinflammatory drugs and placebo in a double blind, short term, cross-over trial conducted in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. 15 measurements were used and studied. With classical unidimensional statistical tests it was not possible to discriminate active drugs between them. Multidimensional analysis (correspondance analysis and discriminant analysis) are more sensitive and allow us to distinguish active drugs with only 11 criterion.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1978

Prognostic factors in chronic granulocytic leukemia. A study of 798 cases.

Between 1959 and 1973 were analyzed the records of 798 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. Mean survival (MS) for the entire group is 42 months. 342 patients have been followed closely during and after development of blastic transformation. Presence of following symptoms at the time of diagnosis: asthenia, weight loss, bone pain, fever, sweats and digestive disorders is of poor prognosis significance (MS: 36 months, no sign: MS 75 months) (P less than 0.001). Spleen size is also a prognostic factor. MS are respectively 70, 52 and 35 months if initial splenomegaly is moderate (less than 3 cm), marked (less than 6 cm) or tumoral (greater than or equal to 6 cm). Thrombocytopenia (less than 15,000/mm3 or thrombocythemia (greater than 1 million/mm3) have a poor prognosis with median survival 22 months and 28 months. If peripheral blast cells (hemocytoblasts + myeloblasts) exceed 5%, the prognosis is worse; beyond 10% MS is 26 months. In contrast certain factors have better prognosis: hemoglobin greater than or equal to 14 g/100 ml, young age (less than 20 y.) MS: 62 months), female sex and an initial WBC count below 25 x 10(3)/mm3 (MS: 70 months).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of primary malignant melanoma.

In a prospective randomized study, the effect of chemotherapy (either systemic or combined intraarterial and systemic) was studied in 117 patients undergoing a curative resection of Clark's level III, IV or V malignant melanoma. Systemic chemotherapy was started one month after surgery one week courses with an I.V. injection of Vinblastin 6 mg/m2, Thiotepa 6 mg/m2, Rufocromomycine 60 microgram/m2, Methotrexate 15 mg/m2 on day one with procarbazine 30 mg/m2 orally daily were given every other week for three months and later every four weeks. Intraarterial chemotherapy of DTIC 80 mg/kg day for ten days was given 28 days prior to surgery. 65 patients with limb malignant melanoma were treated either by surgery only (27 patients), or by systemic chemotherapy (23 patients) or by preoperative intraarterial chemotherapy and systemic chemotherapy (15 patients): 52 patients with non limb malignant melanoma were treated either by surgery only (28 patients) or by systemic chemotherapy (24 patients). We drew curves of disease free survival following surgery and studied the levelling off of the curves, 24 months after surgery 65% of the patients treated by surgery alone were alive and free of disease whereas 81% of the patients treated by surgery and chemotherapy were alive and free of disease (p less than 0.05) suggesting a possible benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. Intraarterial preoperative chemotherapy has not proved of additional benefit to date.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Adjvant treatment of tongue and floor of the mouth cancers.

Since January 1974, 95 patients with anterior tongue and floor of the mouth cancers were included in a randomized trial. After stratification according to staging and initial treatment, one-third of the patients received chemotherapy for 2 years (methotrexate 400 mg followed by citrovorum factor 100 mg + bleomycin 60 mg/week, during the first 15 weeks), one-third of the patients received immunotherapy with weekly C. parvum injections during 2 years, while the remaining third did not receive any treatment. If adjuvant treatment seems to delay recurrence it did not significantly decrease the recurrence rate. Survival is also not signigicantly modified by adjuvant treatment and was better for patients with small tumors. Patients who previously received radiotherapy did not benefit from adjuvant therapy.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1978

Prognosis and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Study of 650 patients.

The complete hematological remission (CHR) rate, duration of remission and survival were studied in relation to age, peripheral blast cell (PBC) count, presence or absence of tumor masses, cytological type, and treatment in 650 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Prognostic factors were considered separately and divided into prognostic classes. Age and PCB count correlated with both the rate and the duration of CHR. This correlation was still observed for more recent treatment schedules though it appears to be becoming progressively less significant. Meningeal relapses were more common in patients less than 1 year old and in those with a high PCB count. It is suggested that stratification of patients according to such factors as age, PCB count, presence or absence of tumor, and cytological type might be necessary for the design of new treatment protocols and for the evaluation of their results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A computer program for parenthood diagnosis within a family.

The knowledge of human polymorphism provides an efficient tool for parenthood diagnosis. This paper describes an algorithm to diagnose fatherhood within a family. In genetic research, the validation of human families is useful since at least 7% of the families have to be rejected from such studies. First, the algorithm verifies whether the phenotype of the presumed father is compatible with the genotypes of all children under the assumption of assured motherhood. An original index coding allows us to write simple algorithms: automatic creation of genetic elements, search of compatible genotypes of parentes and children. Finally, the algorithm calculates several indices used to estimate the likehood of the paternity of non-excluded man.

Computers↗
PubMed1978

[Long-term prognostic factors in Parkinson's disease (author's transl)].

Acturial methods are used to study the correlation between the initial condition and early therapeutic results, and the present condition of 164 parkinsonian patients treated with L. dopa for 4 to 8 years. There is an ineluctable deterioration in motility. There is a lower risk in patients who are autonomous and only slightly akinetic at the beginning of treatment. Intellectual deterioration is seen in some patients only. The risk factors are: males, the clinical forms of Parkinson's disease in which tremor is not predominant, onset of the disease before 60 years of age, and depression and transitory psychotic disorders during the first year of treatment. This deterioration appears 3 to 5 years after starting dopatherapy, which could be the cause. Life expectancy is still reduced by the disease at the present time. It is longer in patients in whom the disease started with isolated tremors, absence of Babinski's sign, and no loss of autonomy, and those in whom a good initial therapeutic result was obtained.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Changes of P50 in hypoxaemia, hypercapnia and polycythaemia: multivariate analysis.

Multivariate analysis of P50 changes in hypoxia, hypercapnia and polycythaemia was performed in an heterogeneous group of forty three patients: hypoxic subjects with or without hypercapnia, with or without polycythaemia and polycythaemic subjects without hypoxia. A statistical analysis was undertaken using comparison of the means, study of the correlations, principal component analysis, multiple regression and correspondence analysis. In the patients studied, P50 changes were not wholly explained by those of 2-3 DPG and pH; PaCO2, per se, did not play an important part. Haemoglobin concentration and P50 value would represent an adaptative mechanism to hypoxia: when hypoxia is moderate (80 greater than PaO2 greater than or equal to 65 torr) and isolated, oxygen haemoglobin affinity decreases (P50 increases); when hypoxia is severe (PaO2 less than 65 torr) and combined with hypercapnia and disturbed acid-base equilibrium, P50 comes back to normal range but haemoglobin increases, restoring thus, the normal blood oxygen content.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[New data about oligoblastic leukemias. Apropos of an analysis of 120 cases].

We studied 120 aptients within the following condition: moderate bone marrow myeloblastosis (blast cells + promyelocytes less than or equal to 50 p. cent); quantitative and/or qualitative medullary insufficiency; preservation of maturation of the granulocytic line without a gap; WBC count less than 20 000/mm-3. Computer analysis pointed out the following results: 1. This group may be differenciated from the group of acute myeloblastic leukemias by: a) a predilection for subjects older than 60 in 73 p. cent of cases; b) male dominance in 70 p. cent of cases; c) a sharply defined improved prognosis with a median of survival of 15 months and with more than 30 p. cent of survivors for more than two years; d) death in 63 p. cent of teh cases is directly due to a complication of bone marrow insufficiency, and only in 14 p. cent of the cases is related to blastic invasion; e) a complete absence of favourable response to intensive chemotherapy. 2. There are five initial prognostic parameters which are of statistical significance: a) the hemoglobin level; b) the sedimentation rate; c) the platelet count, the level of bone marrow cellularity, and age. 3. Multidimensional analysis makes it appear that the whole population obeys a unidimensional phenomenon and depends on a common "biological axis" constituted by the five prognostic factors which are inter-related. 4. The disease nevertheless may be subdivided into three subgroups; a) High inflammatory hypoplastic forms are a very high risk group; b) The group of slowly invasive acute leukemias in young subjects is a bad or moderately poor risk group; c) The forms with a purely qualitative disorder of myelopoiesis with very low evolutive potential. These observations point to: a) The concept of OBL as an entity of a distinctive type including the preleukemic syndrome, the myelo-monocytic leukemias, and the smoldering leukemias; b) The concept of a unique and basic bone marrow disorder which embraces the OBL and the common acute myeloblastic leukemia.

Adult↗