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Biomedical subjects

C Chaimovitz

Publications and source records attributed to C Chaimovitz.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Natriuretic effect of propranolol on dogs with chronic bile-duct ligation.

1. Chronic ligation of the bile duct in dogs is associated with salt retention and a blunted natriuretic response to extracellular volume expansion. The mechanism of this phenomenon has not been clarified. 2. We have examined the influence of chronic beta-adrenergic blockade on sodium excretion in dogs with bile-duct ligation during extracellular hypotonic volume expansion. 3. Urinary excretion of sodium and fractional excretion of sodium rose significantly after 5 days of oral DL-propranolol administration to dogs with bile-duct ligation. 4. The antinatriuresis after bile-duct ligation was not followed by a significant alteration in the mean peripheral plasma renin activity as compared with control values. 5. It is suggested that propranolol can partially reverse the antinatriuresis of chronic bile-duct ligation, and that this is mediated by an extrarenal effect of the beta-adrenergic blockade.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Tubular handling of sodium and phosphate in cirrhosis with salt retention.

Tubular handling of sodium and phosphate were studied in 4 patients with cirrhosis and ascites. The control group consisted of 5 patients with cirrhosis without sodium retention. The degree of phosphaturia was assumed to reflect proximal tubular reabsorption. Whereas fractional excretion of phosphate was comparable in both groups, fractional excretion of sodium was strikingly diminished in the patients with ascites. This observation suggests that sodium retention in these patients occurs beyond the proximal tubule. This interpretation is in accord with our previous observation, based on clearance data, that the proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium in cirrhosis may be normal even in the face of edema formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Improvement in the anemia of hemodialyzed patients following subtotal parathyroidectomy. Evidence for the role of secondary hyperparathyroidism in the etiology of the anemia of chronic renal failure.

An increase in the blood hemoglobin concentration was found in four of five patients on chronic hemodialysis following subtotal parathyroidectomy performed for the treatment of incapacitating osteodystrophy. In a sixth hemodialyzed patient, there was a striking increase in the hemoglobin level following treatment with 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol with suppressed parathyroid overactivity. It is concluded that surgical or "chemical" parathyroidectomy seems to be associated with improvement of the anemia of patients with chronic renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Renal handling of sodium, water and divalent ions in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

1) Fluid retention and ascites are rarely seen in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In an attempt to clarify this clinical observation, renal handling of sodium, water and divalent ions was studied during extracellular volume expansion (ECVE) and maximal suppression of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion in 5 patients with PBC and 9 normal subjects. 2) Mean fractional excretion of sodium, water, phosphate and calculated fractional distal delivery of sodium were significantly greater in patients with PBC as compared with normal controls. Fractional CH20 for given fractional urine flow was similar in patients with PBC and normals. 3) The data suggest that patients with PBC have a greater diminution of proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium in response to ECVE than controls. This augmented elimination of salt during ECVE in patients with PBC may explain the rarity of ascites and edema in this type of cirrhosis.

Calcium↗
PubMed1976

Haemodynamic studies in dogs with chronic bile-duct ligation.

1. Dogs with bile-duct ligation retain salt and water and form ascites. The present study was under-taken to examine the role of haemodynamic factors in the aetiology of this sodium retention. 2. Haemodynamic studies were performed in five dogs before and 5 weeks after bile-duct ligation. 3. After the operation there was an insignificant fall in mean arterial pressure, a significant rise in mean cardiac index and significant fall in mean total peripheral resistance. 4. It is concluded that heart failure is not a factor in renal sodium retention of the dog with bile-duct ligation, since the central venous pressure was not elevated. 5. The haemodynamic pattern and the tendency to salt retention in the dog with chronic bile-duct ligation closely resemble findings reported in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, and it is suggested that oedema formation in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and dogs with chronic bile-duct ligation shares a common aetiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of acetazolamide on sodium reabsorption in the diluting segment in man.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of extracellular volume expansion (ECVE) and acetazolamide (ACTZ) on the transport of sodium in the diluting segment in man. All studies were performed at the peak of sustained oral water diuresis (Uosm. less than 75 mOsm. per kilogram). Distal delivery was estimated by the rate of urine flow and distal sodium reabsorption was approximated by the generation of free water. Free water clearance for given rates of distal delivery expressed as V(range 10 to 35 ml. per minute) was significantly lower and the clearance of sodium higher in the ACTZ group as compared with subjects with ECVE. However when CH2O was plotted against distal delivery expressed as CC1 + CH2O, no difference was detected between ACTZ and ECVE studies. We interpret these findings as suggesting that ACTZ does not have a direct inhibitory influence on the NaCl pump at the diluting site. Rather, the lowering of CH2O/V following ACTZ is due to the flooding of the diluting site with the poorly reabsorbable bicarbonate ion. Thus, the proximal action of ACTZ, which initiates urinary bicarbonate loss results secondarily in an apparent interference with the diluting mechanism in man.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

Exaggerated phosphaturic response to volume expansion in patients with essential hypertension.

1. Tubular handling of sodium in hypertensive patients has been evaluated with urinary phosphate excretion used as a marker for proximal tubular reabsorptive capacity. 2. Nine hypertensive patients and nine normal control subjects were studied during sustained water diuresis and the intravenous infusion of isotonic sodium chloride solution to produce volume expansion. 3. In the hypertensive patients there was exaggerated phosphaturia, natriuresis and enhanced distal delivery of sodium. Sodium reabsorption in the diluting segment was normal. 4. The enhanced distal delivery and augmented phosphaturia suggest that a decreased reabsorption of sodium in the proximal tubule is the most likely explanation for the exaggerated natriuretic response to volume expansion in hypertensive patients.

Adolescent↗