Allergy to diphenylamine from an industrial grease.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
C Cavelier
Publications and source records attributed to C Cavelier.
Contact allergy to safety shoes.
During 1972-1984, 13 cases of allergy to safety shoes were found. It generally affects young men. The allergens are very different from those in other types of shoe. The presence of mercaptobenzothiazole and dibenzothiazyl disulfide detected in some nonwoven materials is worthy of note.
Adult↗
Nickel allergy: analysis of metal clothing objects and patch testing to metal samples.
In 22 nickel-sensitive subjects, 57 metal clothing objects were said to be not tolerated (37) or tolerated (20). They were analysed by X-ray energy dispersion in electron microscopy, and by the dimethylglyoxime spot test. The correlation between the analytical results and the statements of patients is discussed. Patch tests to nickel-plated metal samples with various thicknesses of chromium (0.25 mu to 1 mu) or gold/copper/cadmium (0.5 mu) were performed in human subjects or in guinea pigs sensitive to nickel. Surface-plating and anticorrosive techniques, as well as the results in nickel-sensitive subjects, are described and discussed. Good tolerance will not be obtained under experimental conditions if nickel in any form is a component of the object. It is to be hoped that appropriate regulations will prohibit the use of nickel in the manufacture of clothing objects.
Adolescent↗
[Comparative epidemiology, in Europe, of cancers related to tobacco (lung, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity)].
In 25 European countries, annual age-adjusted mortality and incidence rates, in males, for tobacco-related cancers (lung, larynx, oral cavity), were used in order to study geographic variations in the occurrence of those diseases, from 1952 to 1977. Neither in 1952 (mortality rates), nor in 1977 (mortality and incidence rates), was there any significant geographical correlation between lung cancer on the one hand, and laryngeal or oral cavity cancers on the other hand. Over the 25 years, all countries experienced a sharp increase in lung cancer mortality, especially in association with trends in tobacco consumption. On the contrary, mortality from cancers of the larynx or of the oral cavity showed divergent trends according to countries, since ten of them had steady or decreasing rates. The validity of the method, and the role of alcohol consumption are discussed. Moreover, it is suggested that, in southern european countries, some occupational exposures may be causative factors for laryngeal and oral cavity cancers.
Europe↗
Testing natural indigo for genotoxicity.
The genotoxicity of indigo has been assessed by two short-term tests. The mutagenicity of natural indigo was compared with that of synthetic indigo. Both chemicals were tested using the standard procedure of the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test as described by Ames. The substance exhibits mutagenicity towards strains TA1538 and TA98 when S9 preparations of rat liver induced with Aroclor 1254 were present in the medium. The clastogenic potential was evaluated by the micronucleus test in the bone marrow of male mice. The test compound was administered twice with an interval of 24 h, the animals were killed 30 h and 54 h after the first treatment. When the test compound was given by oral gavage as two equal dosages of 0.1, 1 and 1.2 g/kg body weight, no statistically significant increase in the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei was observed for any group treated with natural indigo.
Animals↗
Reduction of pulmonary function indices: comparison of two hierarchical methods.
From tests for evaluating pulmonary function many indices may be calculated. In order to reduce their redundancy, two hierarchical methods for selecting the most significant indices are applied to data collected on a group of 228 firemen. The first method consists in a stepwise linear discriminant analysis which selects the indices according to their discriminant value for distinguishing between asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects. The second one is derived from a stepwise multiple correlation procedure, which selects the indices on the basis of their linear relationships. These two methods lead to different results and the choice between them should be made according to the aims intended for data reduction.
Adult↗
[Continuous electrocardiographic registration in occupational medicine].
Continuous 24 hour electrocardiography (Holter method) was carried out during work time in 64 workers. They were divided into two groups: the first group comprised 34 subjects with either organic heart disease (coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, operated coarctation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) or a documented arrhythmia without proven underlying cardiac disease; the second group comprised 30 subjects without known cardiac disease but complaining of symptoms suspected to be of cardiac origin or with isolated electrocardiographic abnormalities. At the end of the study we concluded that Holter monitoring is possible in subjects performing physical occupations even in difficult conditions. The trends of heart rate, especially mean heart rate calculated over 10 minute periods, confirmed the relationship between heart rate and the intensity of the physical activity. Atrial extrasystoles and episodes of supraventricular tachycardia were as common in the first as in the second group (20% and 18% respectively). This did not apply to ventricular extrasystoles: they were observed in both groups but were significantly more common in the first group (55% compared to 33%); ventricular extrasystoles, usually of a single configuration and isolated, were more common in the first group, especially amongst the coronary patients. Sinus node dysfunction was only observed in the second group (12.5%), in young subjects, and this occurred with only one exception at night. These findings support previous reports in the literature. However, the interpretation of these results is difficult because of the absence of well established normal values.
Adult↗
Allergy to MBT and its derivatives.
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Benzothiazoles↗
[Study of the pulmonary function of arc welders. Results of a study in an industrial vehicle production plant].
Pulmonary examinations (i.e. clinical, functional and radiological) were conducted on 76 arc welders from an industrial vehicle production plant and on 74 'controls' from the same plant. Arc welders were exposed for an average of 11 years to welding gases and fumes; controls were not welders and were not exposed to any identifiable professional risk of pulmonary disease. There is no significant difference between these two groups concerning clinical, functional and radiological findings; but the prevalence of pulmonary abnormalities (whatever their type or their intensity) is high in the two groups (60%). This survey does not show any particular risk of pulmonary disease among the arc welders working in this plant. However, complementary studies in other industrial areas are required to investigate possible risks due to other arc-welding processes and other working conditions.
Adult↗
Allergic contact dermatitis to plastic table cloth and phenyl indole.
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Dermatitis, Contact↗
[A case of allergy to dibutylthiourea caused by diver's footgear (author's transl)].
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Adult↗
Significance of cross-sectional surveys in occupational epidemiology.
This communication discusses the possibility of cross-sectional occupational surveys concealing real occupational risks. For example, occupational factors constitute only one of the etiologic determinants of multifactorial diseases. In addition the diversity of industrial processes leads to a dispersion of risks, and it is difficult to avoid sampling biases both for cases and for referents. The conclusion is drawn that only after several surveys, conducted by different groups and under different circumstances, have shown no risk for a certain occupational factor can such results be considered valid.
Cross-Sectional Studies↗
[Utilisation of cell transformation tests in the detection of chemical carcinogens (author's transl)].
A great variety of practical short term tests for detecting potential carcinogenic chemicals have been proposed over the last ten years. Tests based on the cellular transformation of mammalian cells in culture are included in this group. After a brief review of the different characteristics of this transformation, the principal cell systems, the methods used and the results obtained by authors who developed and/or use these tests, are presented. It seems justified to include the simplest and most reliable of these tests in the battery of screening tests for the research of potential carcinogenic properties of chemicals. The present orientation of research, likely to lead to more discriminating tests, is discussed.
Aneuploidy↗
[Irritation and allergy to acrylates and methacrylates. - Part I: Common monoacrylates and monomethacrylates (author's transl)].
Acrylates and methacrylates are industrial chemicals with insufficiently known irritating and allergenic effects. In this paper, the simple monoacrylates and monomethacrylates are considered. Methyl acrylate is an irritant, giving a reaction in 10 out of 30 patients, when tested at 20 p. 100 in olive oil. It is also an allergen (2 out of 22 cases). Because of its irritating properties, the concentration of 2 p. 100 is proposed for allergeric investigations. Methyl methacrylate, at 20 p. 100 in olive oil, is not an irritant for humans, although we have observed a sensitization rate of about 15 p. 100 with an undiluted product. In animal studies (technic of Kligman and Magnusson), 10 p. 100 of the subjects reacted to a working concentration of 1 p. 100 in petrolatum (allergenicity degree II). A risk of sensitization due to test repetition exists, about 9 p. 100 and 15 p. 100 for methyl acrylate (20 p. 100) and undiluted methyl methacrylate, respectively. For the latter, sensitization appears around the 16 th-18th day and may be preceeded by an irritation (1 out of 3 cases). Allyl acrylate and allyl methacrylate are irritants which should be studied at a concentration of about 0,1 p. 100. A 5 p. 100 concentration in olive oil seems appropriate for studying allergies to the following monoacrylates and monomethacrylates: acrylamide and acrylonitrile, n-butyl, cyclohexyl, ethyl, ethyl-2-hexyl, ethoxy-2-ethyl, phenyl acrylates, cyclohexyl dodecyl, ethyl-2-hexyl, ethoxy-2-ethyl, methyl methacrylates.
Acrylates↗
[Irritation and allergy to acrylates and methacrylates. - Part II: Polyfunctional acrylic monomers (author's transl)].
Acrylates and methacrylates are industrial chemicals with insufficiently known irritating and allergic effects. After considering simples monoacrylates and monomethacrylates, this paper deals with the n-ethyleneglycol acrylates and methacrylates and some polyol polyacrylates and polymethacrylates. All of the diacrylates tested are irritants for humans at 3 p. 100 in olive oil but there is no irritation at 0,1 p. 100. Monomethacrylate and dimethacrylate are not irritants at 3 p. 100 in olive oil. Studies with animals confirm that diacrylates are more irritating than dimethacrylates and the Magnusson and Kligman method shows that the substances induce delayed hypersensitivity. Cross reactions were observed in homogeneous series (diacrylates or dimethacrylates) but not between series. These results are in good agreement with clinical observations. The irritating power of 5 polyacrylates and polymethacrylates of other polyols were tested in animals. For some of them, clinical observations indicate an allergic potential.
Acrylates↗
[Contact allergy to N-isopropyl N'-phenylparaphenylenediamine (IPPD) in different individual protective devices (author's transl)].
N-isopropyl N'-phenylparaphenylenediamine, a known sensitizer, is searched for in different elastomeric formulations. Systematic chemical analysis as well as clinical investigations have been performed, especially on gloves, boots and respiratory protective devices. Some cases remain unaccounted for: some IPPD-sensitized people do not react to the contact of objects containing IPPD, other react to objects in which even thorough analysis failed to detect this compound. A better knowledge of the allergologic profile of sensitized people and better analytical detection limits might be desirable.
Dermatitis, Atopic↗
[Allergic eczema to wax cloth. Attempts at identification of an allergen].
The coming out of 20 cases of eczema to American cloth, in 1978, motivated a clinical, allergologic and chemical investigation. From a clinical point of view, the lesions were located in areas in contact with American cloth. Cutaneous biopsies, which were carried out in 3 cases, established the allergic eczematous nature of these lesions. Epicutaneous tests were carried out by these patients. With American cloth, results were positive in 20 cases out of 20; six constituents provided by the manufacturer and a standard battery of allergens gave no indication. The chemical analysis of American cloths revealed among others an unknown product which was found in every formulation. This product had a molecular weight of 223; the infra-red spectra and the mass spectra showed a strong analogy with the spectra of alpha-phenyl indole. Tests carried out with alpha-phenyl-indole were positive in 11 cases out of 18; among controls every test was negative.
Chemical Phenomena↗
[Allergenic properties of a series of N-phenyl N'alcoyl paraphenylenediamines].
The well known high allergenic potential of N-phenyl N'-isopropyl paraphenylenediamine (I.P.P.D.), as well as that of N-phenyl N'-1,3 dimethylbutyl paraphenylenediamine, though allegedly milder, prompted us to investigate the allergenicity of a series of N-phenyl N'-alcoyl paraphenylenediamines. We chose an existing technical grade series with substituents ranging from methyl to dodecyl. The results, on laboratory animals (Kligman and Magnusson's maximalization test), and on I.P.P.D.-sensitized humans (ROC Neodermotest, 48th hour) indicate a group sensitization with nearly systematic cross-reactions.
Animals↗