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Biomedical subjects

C Carello

Publications and source records attributed to C Carello.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Low-constraint facilitation in lexical decision with single-word contexts.

Single-word, low-constraint adjective contexts were used to "prime" lexical decision to noun targets in Serbo-Croat. Semantically congruent situations consisted of adjective-noun pairs that were not highly predictable but were nonetheless plausible (e.g., GOOD-AUNT). Semantically incongruent situations used pairs that were implausible (e.g., SLOW-COAT). All adjective-noun pairs were grammatically congruent and were compared with a neutral XXX baseline. In Experiment 1, at a stimulus onset asynchrony of 300 ms, congruous situations showed 59 ms of facilitation while incongruous situations did not differ from the baseline. The same pattern was repeated in Experiment 2, at a stimulus onset asynchrony of 800 ms. Congruous situations were facilitated 67 ms. Results are discussed in terms of a message-level coherence check in Forster's (1979) model of autonomous levels of language processing.

Cues↗
PubMed1987

Relative effectiveness of three stimulus variables for locating a moving sound source.

A study is reported in which it is shown that observers can use at least three types of acoustic variables that indicate reliably when a moving sound source is passing: interaural temporal differences, the Doppler effect, and amplitude change. Each of these variables was presented in isolation and each was successful in indicating when a (stimulated) moving sound source passed an observer. These three variables were put into competition (with each indicating that closest passage occurred at a different time) in an effort to determine their relative importance. It was found that amplitude change dominated interaural temporal differences which, in turn, dominated the Doppler effect stimulus variable. The results are discussed in terms of two interpretations. First, it is possible that subjects based their judgements on the potential discriminability of each stimulus variable. However, because the stimuli used involved easily discriminable changes, subjects may instead have based their judgements on the independence of a stimulus variable from different environmental situation conditions. The dominance ordering obtained supports the second interpretation.

Attention↗
PubMed1986

Hemispheric asymmetries in phonological processing.

In Serbo-Croat, lexical decision to phonologically bivalent letter strings is slowed relative to their phonologically unique counterparts. This feature was exploited in order to assess the linguistic capacity of the two hemispheres. Lexical decision to laterally presented words and pseudowords revealed a right visual field advantage for both males and females in words and pseudowords. But the demands of phonological processing were not met in the same way by the two hemispheres, the two hemispheres did not respond in the same way in the two sexes, and the pattern of these differences was opposite for words and pseudowords.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Static depiction of movement.

A number of pictorial devices were compared in order to assess their relative effectiveness in depicting events. Effectiveness, as measured by a rating task, did not seem to be a function of the classification of a device as natural or metaphorical. Rather, it depended on whether a given device highlighted a distinctive aspect of a particular event (running, jumping, or moving), or simply modified the event. This observation was buttressed by the existence in a forced-choice task of a category boundary for depictions of running (pictures with a certain device were seen as running, those without it were not) but not for moving or jumping. Even preschool children displayed some understanding of metaphorical devices. They chose figures with those devices as running faster than the experimental standard. Results are discussed in the context of Kennedy's characterization of pictorial metaphors and Gibson's framework for understanding the relationship between pictorial and environmental information.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phonemic, associative, and grammatical context effects with identified and unidentified primes.

Six experiments are reported that assess priming effects on lexical decision (in Serbo-Croatian) when the context is identifiable (unmasked conditions) and when it is unidentifiable due to forward masking (masked conditions). Word acceptance is slowed by a phonemically similar context that is not masked but hastened by a phonemically similar context that is masked. Word acceptance is hastened by an associatively related context that is not masked; this facilitation is somewhat diminished when the context is masked. Finally, word acceptance is hastened by a grammatically related context that is not masked but is unaffected when the grammatical context is masked. These results can be rationalized in terms of a model of the language processor that maintains the autonomy of prelexical and postlexical levels but permits interaction among prelexical components.

Adolescent↗