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C Capella

Publications and source records attributed to C Capella.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin: the structure and origin of normal Merkel cells.

A series of 15 Merkel cell tumours of skin is reported. They occur dominantly on the head and neck and on the extremities of elderly women, frequently presenting as a reddish nodule. Three cases were associated with squamous carcinoma at the same site, an association deserving further study. There are two main patterns: the commoner one takes the form of a trabecular carcinoma in the dermis mimicking metastatic carcinoma, including oat-cell carcinoma and neuroblastoma: a dissociated-cell form mimicks malignant lymphoma. The triad of vesicular nuclei with very small nucleoli, abundant mitotic activity and apoptosis is so characteristic as to be virtually pathognomonic in conjunction with structural features. Argyrophilia is common, but Bouin fixation is necessary to demonstrate it regularly. Small round secretory granules (89 +/- 18 nm) with narrow haloes, and an abundance of intermediate size filaments are among the ultrastructural hallmarks. There is a close similarity between better differentiated tumour cells and normal Merkel cells. The neural crest origin of MC is in doubt both on the basis of studies of the development and regeneration of MC and from the study of Merkel cell tumours.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Alpha and beta subunits of glycoprotein hormones in argyrophil pituitary tumors with small granule cells.

A group of 33 functionless pituitary tumors with small argyrophil groups (SAG) were collected from a series of 200 pituitary adenomas (16.5% of all adenomas). Histologically, the tumors showed an unusually high frequency of trabecular patterns, perivascular pseudo-rosettes, and oncocytoid transformation. Immunoreactivity for glycoprotein hormone alpha-chain was found in more or less numerous cells of 20 cases (64.5% of SAG tumors). Thirteen of these cases also showed specific beta-chain immunoreactivity, especially for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) beta-chain, which was present in 11 tumors. Various admixtures of immature, oncocytic, sparsely granulated, and densely granulated cells were observed ultrastructurally, with prevalence of the latter cell variants in tumors showing immunoreactive cells and prevalence of the former cell variants in tumors lacking immunoreactive cells. It is suggested that some relationship may exist between SAG cell (glycoprotein hormone precursor cells?) tumors--or at least part of them--and glycoprotein hormone cell lines. Anyway, whatever their origin and interpretation, SAG cell tumors seem to represent a distinct clinicopathologic entity.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Primary polypeptide hormones and mucin-producing malignant carcinoid of the larynx.

A case of primary malignant laryngeal carcinoid with dual endocrine and mucous differentiation is reported. Histologically the tumor showed a characteristic organoid pattern and exhibited Alcian-blue, periodic acid-Schiff, and Grimelius silver positivity. By the immunoperoxidase technique calcitonin, ACTH, and alpha-hCG subunit were demonstrated in the tumor cells. Electron microscopy revealed two different types of endocrinelike cells: mucous cells and occasional cells containing both endocrinelike granules and mucin droplets. Diagnostic morphologic criteria of this rare tumor entity are discussed and reference to biologic behavior and possible histogenesis is made.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

The endocrine cells of the chicken proventriculus.

The endocrine cells of the chicken proventriculus were investigated by selective staining techniques, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The following endocrine cell types were identified: 1) Argyrophilic ECL-cells, of unknown function, were very numerous in the 21-day-old chick, but less numerous in the newborn chick; 2) somatostatin-producing D-cells; 3) GLI-cells producing glucagon-related peptides; 4) X-cells of unknown function; 5) BN-cells producing bombesin; and 6) relatively few 5-hydroxytryptamine-producing EC-cells. Each of these cell types show a distinct morphology, distribution and histochemical reactivity. With the exception of BN-cells, they resemble rather closely the corresponding endocrine cell types previously described in the oxyntic mucosa (EGL, D, X and EC cells) or in the intestinal mucosa (L-cells) of the mammalian gut.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Primary endocrine carcinoma of the parotid salivary gland associated with a lung carcinoid: a possible new association.

An endocrine carcinoma of the left parotid salivary gland in a 58-year-old woman is reported. The tumour displayed a large argyrophilic cell-component and at ultrastructural level endocrine-like granules (ELG) were evident. As endocrine-paracrine cells are not normally present in the parotid, it is suggested that the endocrine elements may have been derived from an anomalous differentiation of the ductal epithelial stem cells. A bronchial carcinoid, removed seven years previously, proved structurally, cytologically and histochemically different from the tumour of the parotid salivary gland. It is proposed that the occurrence of the two tumours might be an as yet undescribed association which is more than fortuitous.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1982

Argyrophil reaction in parathyroid glands: a light and electron microscopic study.

The argyrophil reaction occurs in the parathyroid cells with the Grimelius silver nitrate stain. In the present study, Bouin's fluid was found to be superior to other tested fixatives (formalin, Karnovsky's fluid, GPA etc) in this respect. A study of the argyrophil reaction on the ultrastructural level showed an accumulation of silver particles in the secretory granules, which means that the Grimelius silver stain can be assumed to be an indicator of the secretory granules stored in the parathyroid cells. Whether the argyrophil reaction can be of help in differential diagnosis between different abnormal parathyroid conditions is not yet clear.

Cytoplasmic Granules↗
PubMed1981

The endocrine component of prostatic carcinomas, mixed adenocarcinoma-carcinoid tumours and non-tumour prostate. Histochemical and ultrastructural identification of the endocrine cells.

Two types of endocrine-paracrine (EP) cells have been detected histochemically and ultrastructurally in normal and hyperplastic prostates; i.e. type I cells resembling intestinal EC (enterochromaffin) cells and type 2 cells similar to urethral EP cells previously reported by Casanova et al. (1974). About one-third of the 40 prostatic carcinomas studied contained EP cells: two of these were composite tumours exhibiting both adenocarcinomatous and carcinoid patterns. These four tumours have also been studied histochemically and ultrastructurally. ACTH and beta-endorphin immunoreactive cells, ultrastructurally resembling pituitary corticotrophic cells, have been identified in three tumours. Cells identical with type I and type 2 cells of the normal prostate were detected in two cases and in a further case, respectively.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Endocrine-paracrine cells in pancreatic exocrine carcinomas.

Eleven cases of primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas have been investigated histochemically, immunohistochemically and with electron-microscopy. Endocrine-paracrine (EP) cells were present in six of these tumours. In one case numerous 5HT-enterochromaffin cells (EC) of the intestinal type and a few somatostatin immunoreactive D cells were found. Two cases contained insulin-immunoreactive cells and another case displayed glucagon-IR elements. In the remaining two cases argyrophilic cells were present. These findings demonstrate that polypeptide hormone or amine production is not restricted to islet cell tumours. It is suggested that both endocrine and exocrine components of the tumours studied might have derived from a common precursor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

The diffuse endocrine-paracrine system of the gut in health and disease: ultrastructural features.

At least 16 types of endocrine-paracrine cells have been identified ultrastructurally in the gastrointestinal mucosa. The production of hormones and local messengers such as 5-hydroxytryptamine, gastrin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), enteroglucagon (glicentin, GLI), motilin, neurotensin, substance P and the enkephalins, by these cells, has been established. Progress has also been made in cytological studies of gut and pancreatic endocrine tumours. Argentaffin EC cell carcinoids, gastrinomas (of several ultrastructurally different varieties of gastrin cells), L-cell tumours and D-cell tumours are among those cytologically and functionally defined in the gut. Functionally undefined tumours include the so-called non-argentaffin carcinoids arising in various parts of the gut, some of which have been characterised cytologically as gastric ECL cell tumours and gastroduodenal P-D1-cell tumours. Gastrinomas, vipomas and rare argentaffin carcinoids are among gut-related pancreatic endocrine tumours. Non-functional paragangliomas, usually with some neuromatous component, occur in the duodenal wall. Extrapancreatic vipomas display ultrastructural features of ganglioneuroblastomas with peptidergic granules.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Endocrine differentiation in mucoid carcinoma of the breast.

Mucoid carcinoma of the breast is not a single homogeneous entity. It comprises two main variants separable on structural and cytological grounds and a smaller transitional type. The salient pathological differences are detailed. One variant is usually arygrophilic and contains dense core granules of the type seen in endocrine tumours. Both endocrine and amphicrine cells have been identified in this sub-type. The relationship of this endocrine variant of mucoid carcinoma to other argryophil carcinomas (so-called 'carcinoids') of the breast is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1980

Glucagon-, glicentin-, and pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreativities in rectal carcinoids and related colorectal cells.

Three nonargentaffin rectal carcinoids have been investigated immunohistochemically. In one case most tumor cells reacted with antiglucagon sera as well as with antiglicentin, antibovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), and antihuman pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) sera; they were identified ultrastructurally as L cells. Another case showed glucagon-, glicentin-, and BPP-immunoreactive cells but lacked HPP immunoreactivity. In the third case glucagon- and glicentin-immunoreactive cells were well represented, while PP immunoreactivities were scarce. Parallel investigations of human rectal and sigmoid mucosa showed numerous cells reacting with glucagon, glicentin, and BPP antisera, most of which lacked HPP immunoreactivity. Cells reacting with glucagon and glicentin antisera, while lacking PP immunoreactivities, were also found. Thus, both tumor and nontumor cells produce glucagonlike immunoreactive (GLI) peptides--one of which may be glicentin or a related molecule--as well as PP-related sequences, although differing histochemically and ultrastructurally from glucagon or PP cells of the human pancreas. It is concluded that nonargentaffin rectal carcinoids are histogenetically linked to nonargentaffin endocrine cells of the human rectum.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Endocrine cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

We present an endocrine cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in a 21-year-old woman which we studied by histochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural methods. The tumor had a histologic appearance similar to an oat cell carcinoma, and carcinoma in situ changes were found in the adjacent cervical surface epithelium. Histochemistry and electron microscopy revealed argyrophil cells containing small round secretory granules; more rarely argentaffin (enterochromaffin) cells were seen with dense, elongated and pleomorphic granules and numerous undifferentiated cells with few and small granules. Our findings indicate that the different types of endocrine tumor cells have the same stem cell origin and necessitate the revision of some of the concepts of the embryogenesis of the APUD cells and their tumors. We emphasize that all undifferentiated or poorly differentiated carcinomas of the uterine cervix should be examined histochemically and ultrastructurally, particularly since their correct classification has prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the avian gut and its localisation to a distinct cell type.

The distribution of a bombesin-like immunoreactive peptide in the avian gastro-intestinal tract was analysed by combined radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. Radioimmunoassay of tissue extracts showed that the largest quantities of bombesin-like immunoreactivity were present in the proventriculus (64.5 +/- 6.0 pmol/g) with smaller but still considerable amounts in the gizzard (40.0 +/- 6.0 pmol/g). Immunocytochemically the extractable bombesin-like immunoreactivity was localised in numerous endocrine cells. These, in the proventriculus, were found mainly in the deeper layers of the mucosa. Further study of these cells by the semi-thin/thin technique revealed the presence of characteristic secretory granules. The functional name BN is proposed for this cell type.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Argyrophil pituitary tumors showing TSH cells or small granule cells.

Among 74 histochemically and ultrastructurally studied pituitary adenomas, 12 apparently chromophobe tumors were characterized by the presence of numerous argyrophil cells. All these argyrophil adenomas failed to reveal presence of GH, prolactin or ACTH cells. Two tumors were found to consist of well granulated cells reacting intensely with anti-TSH antibodies and resembling TSH cells of the normal pituitary. The remaining argyrophil adenomas did not show TSH immunostaining and, with one exception, failed to react with an anti-HCG serum staining gonadotroph cells of human pituitary. They were composed of small, closely apposed cells with small compact or vesicular granules. These tumor cells seem to correspond to some small argyrophil cells found in non-neoplastic pituitary, which differ from TSH cells and from all other types of functionally identified adenohypophyseal cells.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1979

Ultrastructural and histological study of 11 bronchial carcinoids. Evidence for different types.

Seven of eleven bronchial carcinoids investigated showed cells with small granules resembling P cells which have already been described in human fetal and adult lung; two of these P cell tumours showed distinctive paraganglioid features. One tumour showed peculiar ultrastructural findings resembling closely those previously reported by Black (1969) in a so called "pulmonary oncocytoma". Three remaining cases showed large secretory granules resembling those of type 3 cells already described by Hage (1973b) in bronchial carcinoids; one of these tumours produced large amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT). It is concluded that, on cytological grounds, at least two types of tumours can be distinguished among bronchial carcinoids, i.e. P cell and type 3 cell tumours. Moreover, two varieties of P cell carcinoids have been recognized, showing either the less frequent and more distinctive paraganglioid structure or the more common trabecular structure.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Parafollicular cells of rabbit thryoid store both calcitonin and somatostatin and resemble gut D cells ultrastructurally.

Both calcitonin and somatostatin have been detected immunohistochemically in rabbit parafollicular cells; only calcitonin has been found in the same cells of the dog, guinea-pig and man. Large amounts of a peptide radioimmunochemically identical with synthetic somatostatin have been detected in extracts of rabbit thyroid. The ultrastructural and staining features of rabbit parafollicular cells differ from those of parafollicular cells in other species, while resembling in part those of somatostatin D cells scattered in the rabbit stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Types of endocrine cells in the human colon and rectum.

At least four types of endocrine-like cells have been detected histochemically in the mucosa of the human colon and rectum, i.e. argentaffin cells storing 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and non-argentaffin cells reacting with glucagon, somatostatin and bovine pancreatic peptide (BPP) antibodies. Ultrastructurally, four main types and three rare types of endocrine-like cells have been identified. Among the former cells were: (1) argentaffin EC1 cells, known to store 5HT and substance P, (2) poorly argyrophil L cells, corresponding to the glucagon-immunoreactive cells storing enteroglucagon or glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLl), (3) inconstantly argyrophil F-like cells, possibly corresponding to BPP-immunoreactive cells, and (4) fairly argyrophil H cells of unknown function. Rare D cells, corresponding to somatostatin cells, N cells, corresponding to neurotensin cells, and P cells, of unknown function, have been also found.

Chromaffin System↗