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Biomedical subjects

C Cahill

Publications and source records attributed to C Cahill.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Treatment of sexual abuse which occurred in childhood: a review.

This review is concerned with the individual and group treatment of clients who present with a history of sexual abuse in childhood. Almost all of the literature regarding the individual treatment of these clients is based on clinical reports; very little is experimentally based. Most of the reports of group treatment are of a similar nature, although some outcome research data are included. The clinical consensus, in terms of the issues, stages, goals and techniques of therapy, is described. In addition, an overview is provided of the identification of clients who may have a history of CSA, which includes guidelines for assisting disclosure. Finally, the issues raised for therapists in treating these clients are addressed. Much of the material reviewed in this article refers to the treatment of female, and in particular incestuously abused, victims; at the time of writing, very little information was available regarding the treatment of male victims.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Long-term effects of sexual abuse which occurred in childhood: a review.

The psychological problems and difficulties experienced by adults who report having been sexually abused in childhood are reviewed. These long-term effects include damage to the victims' emotional reactions and self-perceptions, relationship problems, problems with sexuality and difficulties in social functioning. Common presenting problems of victims of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are described. Also discussed are the characteristics of incestuous abuse in terms of the victim, the abusive relationship and its termination; the contributions of the various aspects of CSA to the psychological impact of such abuse; and psychodynamic explanations of the development of long-term effects. The bulk of the published material regarding the long-term effects of CSA refers to female victims only, and this 'bias' is reflected in the review.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Photopheresis for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma.

We investigated the use of extracorporeal chemotherapy (photopheresis) in eight patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Initially described by Edelson et al. for the treatment of erythrodermic cutaneous T cell lymphoma, we have expanded the treatment to include patients with extensive patch/plaque disease as well as tumor-stage disease. Four of five patients with erythrodermic stage disease had either a complete or a partial clinical remission with photopheresis alone. One patient with extensive patch/plaque disease continued to have a partial clinical remission of 7 months' duration with photopheresis alone. Of the two patients with tumor-stage disease, one remained without evidence of clinical disease at 10 months with photopheresis alone, whereas the second patient had a partial clinical remission of 5 months with a combination of local radiation therapy followed by monthly photopheresis. The skin biopsy specimen obtained from the patient with tumor-stage disease in complete clinical remission did not show cutaneous T cell lymphoma. We conclude that photopheresis is an effective modality alone or in combination with adjunctive therapy for erythroderma, extensive patch/plaque disease, and some tumor-stage disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

POMC in rhesus anterior pituitary and plasma: evidence of N-acetylated beta-endorphin and alpha-MSH.

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) related peptides have been studied in rat tissue and plasma, but they have not been well characterized in the rhesus monkey. Since monkey pituitary may be more similar to the human pituitary than the rat, we have characterized POMC related peptides by immunocytochemical, multiple radioimmunoassays (RIA's) and molecular sieving chromatography. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated N-acetylated- beta-endorphin (N-Ac- beta-End) and alpha-MSH in a few corticotrophs. RIA's of crude anterior pituitary extract and molecular sieving chromatography demonstrates that the major portion is beta-End sized with a significant proportion being N-acetylated and an alpha-MSH peak. Molecular sieving chromatography of extracted plasma demonstrated a similar pattern to that seen in the anterior pituitary. These data suggest that rhesus monkey processes POMC differently than rat or man.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of increased photoperiod on hormone concentrations in thoroughbred stallions.

Stallions on two Central Kentucky farms (9/farm) were studied during the 1980 breeding season. On one farm stallions were exposed to an increased photoperiod (16 h light/day) from 1 December 1979; on the second farm the stallions were maintained in an ambient photoperiod. On the basis of matings per conception (total mating/mares in foal) stallions on each farm were assigned to a high fertility (1 . 9-2 . 4 matings per conception, N = 4) or low fertility (2 . 6-5 . 6 matings per conception, N = 5) group. Exposure of stallions to increased photoperiod significantly increased serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androstenedione, testosterone and oestrone by the start of the breeding season (16 February) while concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta and total oestrogens were similar in the two groups. LH was the only hormone significantly affected by the fertility of stallions, with LH concentrations consistently higher in the 'increased light-high fertility' stallions compared to the low basal concentration observed in the other 3 groups during the early breeding season (16 Feb.-31 March). FSH concentrations were not significantly affected by photoperiod or fertility, but appeared to be consistently higher in the 'increased light-high fertility' stallions than in the 'increased light-low fertility' stallions. The 'increased light-high fertility' stallions were mated to more mares than were stallions in the other 3 groups and differences in LH and FSH concentrations may therefore have been confounded with frequency of mating. Seasonal conception rates were unaffected by increased photoperiod.

Androgens↗
PubMed1975

Tall girls: a survey of 15 years of management and treatment.

In the past 15 years 450 girls have been seen because of concern about tall stature: 168 of them have been treated with stilbestrol to control the growth rate. Of the latter group 87 have been followed after treatment for a sufficiently long time to be sure growth had ceased and to provide the data for this report. At the onset of treatment the following data (mean values) were recorded: chronologic age, 13.0 years; skeletal age, 13.2 years; height, 172.9 cm; estimated mature height 180.2 cm; and growth potential, 7.3 cm. At the end of treatment data of interest (mean values) were: reduction in final height, 3.5 cm; duration of therapy, 2.1 years; amount of stilbestrol given, 2.3 gm; age of last visit, 17.6 years. Side effects were minimal, though two girls developed parovarian cysts that required surgery during treatment. Not included in the series of 87, one additional girl was seen with a serous cystadenoma of the ovary, and one girl developed superficial venous thrombosis of the calf. Long-term follow-up has revealed no late complications. It is concluded that estrogen can reduce significantly the growth rate of almost all tall girls, but treatment must be carried out under very careful supervision, bearing in mind possible side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity, self reported pain perception and anxiety levels in women during pregnancy and labor.

Plasma Beta-endorphin (B-END) immunoreactivity was measured in 19 men, 16 women at midcycle, and ten pregnant women at various points in their pregnancies. There is a significant difference between the levels measured in males and females (t = 3.74, df = 31, p = .0007). Pregnant women demonstrated a steady increase in plasma Beta-End-like immunoreactivity between second and third trimester and through labor. The levels dropped rapidly postpartum. The material being measured is predominantly B-end-sized. Psychological studies indicate that these changes are not strongly correlated with pain perception or self-reported anxiety levels.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implementing an inpatient eating disorders program.

Inpatient treatment can be quite effective for clients with severe or persistent eating disorders. A successful treatment program, however, requires extensive nursing participation. The author addresses specific clinical problems and system issues related to this population of clients. She stresses the importance of clinical expertise among nursing staff and coordination with interdisciplinary staff members.

Feeding and Eating Disorders↗