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C C Wang

Publications and source records attributed to C C Wang.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Camelliin B induced apoptosis in HeLa cell line.

Gordonia axillaris (Roxb.) Dietrich (Theaceae) is a native to Taiwan and the leaves have been used as an astringent folk medicine. Camelliin B (CB), a macrocyclic hydrolyzable tannin, was isolated from G. axillaris and showed cytotoxic effects in human carcinoma cells. Among the target cells (SKHep-1, Ha-22T, DU-145, AGS, and HeLa), the cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa, was more sensitive to CB than were Chang normal liver cells and primary-cultured normal gingival and cervical fibroblasts. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of CB showed dose-dependency at 3.2-100.0 microg/ml in HeLa for 1,24,48, and 72 h and with an IC(50) value of 46.3 microg/ml for 48 h. However, the IC(50) value of CB in primary-cultured normal cervical fibroblasts was 108.0 microg/ml. Therefore, the selectivity shown by CB was ascribed to the difference in growth speed between normal and tumor cells. HeLa cells and primary-cultured normal cervical fibroblasts were treated with 50.0 and 100.0 microg/ml CB for 48 h, respectively, and exhibited chromatin condensation, indicating the occurrence of apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated the presence of apoptotic cells with low DNA content, a decrease of cell population at the G(1) phase, and a concomitant increase of cell population at the G(2)/M phase. CB also caused DNA fragmentation and inhibited PARP degradation in HeLa cells. However, CB did not significantly inhibit Bcl-2 expression in HeLa cells at 50.0 microg/ml, only at 100.0 microg/ml for 48 h. These results suggest that CB induced apoptosis, without direct inhibition of Bcl-2 expression in HeLa cells.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed2001

Single imaging modality evaluation of living donors in liver transplantation: magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND: Liver graft size, anatomy of the bile duct and the vascular inflow and outflow are essential for living related liver transplantation (LRLT). Preoperative delineation of those variations that would change the operative procedure to achieve a successful result especially in an emergency condition. PURPOSE: Our aim was to develop a rapid and noninvasive imaging diagnostic method for the detection of anatomical variants that is mandatory for a safe operation when selecting potential liver transplant living donors. We used a different magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique, which enabled to us to exploit the anatomical landmark of the liver, signal enhancement of blood flow in the abdomen, and the intrahepatic biliary routes inside the liver. Then, with the help of Advantage Window workstation reconstruction, the reconstructed single vascular or biliary systems were displaced in a three-dimensional fashion and the whole examination finished within 30 min. METHODS: Modification of the standard MR technique was performed on a superconductive 1.5T whole body image scanner, MR arteriogaphy, venography, and cholangiography with three-dimensional reconstruction in evaluating the anatomy of the hepatic arteries, hepatic veins, portal venous system, bile ducts, and liver size in potential liver transplant living donors. These anatomical structures were compared with traditional imaging methods. RESULTS: In all 38 cases, as well as delineation of the portal vein detail to the segmental level was satisfactorily obtained in this MR study. The images were well displayed in a three-dimensional fashion, which had good correlation with images from traditional imaging modalities and operative findings. In 86.8% cases, the MR arteriography was well matched with the celiac angiography. Of those 17 operative cases, estimation of liver volume was well correlated with the liver graft within 3.9-12.5% variation. In the major hepatic vein, we obtained 100% accuracy and 88.2% in the minor branches. Of 12 donors received intraoperative cholangiography during liver donation, good correlation of biliary anatomy was achieved. One donor was excluded from graft donation due to the complicated arterial supply to the left liver. According to the anatomical variation, surgical procedures in graft harvesting and anastomosis were readjusted and no major complications were found in those donors and all recipients survived after liver transplantation. CONCLUSION: MR volumetry, venography, angiography, and cholangiography with three-dimensional reconstruction is sufficient for all major imaging evaluation. It may replace the traditional conventional catheter angiography, computed tomography, sonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography as a single investigation in the evaluation of the potential liver transplant donors. Angiography is only valuable in suboptimal cases and intraoperative cholangiography is only performed in biliary ductile variants.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Isolated paraaortic lymph node recurrence after definitive irradiation for cervical carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical features of isolated paraaortic lymph node (PALN) recurrence after definitive radiotherapy, and analyze the prognostic factors and effect of salvage treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Of a total 876 patients who received pelvic radiotherapy after the diagnosis of primary cervical carcinoma, 26 were found to have isolated PALN recurrence as the first recurrent site, and these patients enrolled in this study. Only those with primary-site carcinoma controlled and who were free of other distant metastases were eligible. Nineteen of the 26 patients accepted salvage therapy. Fourteen patients accepted concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT), 1 accepted radiation to the paraaortic region, and 4 accepted chemotherapy alone. Clinical parameters evaluated included tumor markers (SCC and CEA) and image studies. RESULTS: Seven of the 26 patients were alive and disease-free. All 7 survivors had salvage treatment with radiation to the paraaortic region and concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy. None of the patients receiving chemotherapy or radiation alone enjoyed long-term, disease-free survival. The 5-year survival rate for isolated PALN recurrence of the 14 patients who accepted salvage concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) was 51.2%. The presence of a clinical symptom at the time of PALN recurrence was analyzed. Seven of the 12 asymptomatic patients and none of the 14 symptomatic patients survived without disease after salvage treatment. The SCC levels at recurrence showed a statistically significant relationship to disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: An SCC level of < or = 4 ng/ml and a lack of symptoms at the time of recurrence were good prognostic factors in isolated PALN recurrence after primary radiation therapy. In addition to concurrent CCRT, periodical surveillance with tumor markers and imaging studies allowed early detection and salvage of those patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Sequence-specific trapping of topoisomerase I by DNA binding polyamide-camptothecin conjugates.

Hairpin pyrrole-imidazole polyamides are synthetic ligands that bind in the minor groove of DNA with affinities and specificities comparable to those of DNA binding proteins. Three polyamide-camptothecin conjugates 1-3 with linkers varying in length between 7, 13, and 18 atoms were synthesized to trap the enzyme Topoisomerase I and induce cleavage at predetermined DNA sites. One of these, polyamide-camptothecin conjugate 3 at nanomolar concentration (50 nM) in the presence of Topo I (37 degrees C), induces DNA cleavage between three and four base pairs from the polyamide binding site in high yield (77%).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Soy isoflavonoids and cancer -- metabolism at the target site.

Isoflavonoids are members of the broad class of plant polyphenols that have been shown in vivo to have benefit in the prevention of a wide variety of chronic diseases, including cancer. For genistein (5,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone) (GEN), the major isoflavone in soy, reported mechanisms for these biological activities are numerous and include regulation of estrogen-mediated events, inhibition of tyrosine kinase and DNA topoisomerase activities, synthesis and release of TGF beta, and modulation of apoptosis. However, the biochemical effects of GEN in cell culture occur at concentrations in the micromolar range, far above the circulating levels of the unconjugated GEN. This may point to the limitations of cell culture for the evaluation of the activity and mechanisms of potential anti-carcinogens. GEN is extensively metabolized in vivo, with only about 14-16% excreted in an unmodified form. Metabolism may also occur because of interaction between GEN (as well as other polyphenols) and oxidants produced by inflammatory cells (HOCl, HOBr and ONOO(-)). These react with GEN to form brominated, chlorinated and/or nitrated GEN. Emerging evidence indicates that these modifications may substantially increase the biological activities of the parent compound. Future investigations of GEN and other polyphenols must, therefore, take into account metabolism at the tissue site.

Anticarcinogenic Agents↗
PubMed2001

Responses of rat dorsal column neurons to pancreatic nociceptive stimulation.

Our previous study has shown that the postsynaptic dorsal column pathway is involved in transmission of pancreatic nociceptive information from the spinal cord to the thalamus. The aim of the present study was to characterize the neuronal responses in the dorsal column nuclei of the rat to pancreatic nociceptive stimulation. Brief application of bradykinin (10 microg/ml, 20s) to the surface of the pancreas resulted in a significantly increased firing rate in approximately 10% of neurons recorded. In conclusion, pancreatic nociceptive information relayed to the dorsal column nuclei is transmitted from the spinal cord through the dorsal columns.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

GroEL-assisted dehydrogenase folding mediated by coenzyme is ATP-independent.

It has been commonly accepted that GroEL functions as a chaperone by modulation of its affinity for folding intermediates through binding and hydrolysis of ATP. However, we have found that NAD, as a coenzyme of d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), also stimulates the discharge of GAPDH folding intermediate from its stable complex with GroEL formed in the absence of ATP and assists refolding with the same yield as ATP/Mg(2+) does. The reactivation further increases when ATP is also present, but addition of Mg(2+) has no more effect. NADP, a coenzyme of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, also releases its folding intermediates from GroEL and increases reactivation. Different from ATP, NAD triggers the release of GAPDH intermediates bound by GroEL via binding with GAPDH itself but not with GroEL, and the released intermediates all folded to native molecules without the formation of aggregation. The collaborative effects of coenzyme and GroEL mediate GroEL-assisted dehydrogenase folding in an ATP-independent way.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2001

The role of postradiotherapy neck dissection in supraglottic carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate our policy of performing neck dissection based on regional response after definitive radiotherapy in patients with supraglottic carcinoma and to identify the prognostic factors in this group of patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1970 and 1995, 121 patients with node-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx were treated with definitive radiotherapy. Sixty-nine percent of patients presented with 1997 AJCC Stage IV disease. The N-stage distribution was N1, 49; N2, 62; and N3, 10. The median size of the lymph nodes was 3 cm (range, 0.5-8 cm). Forty-five patients received once-a-day treatment with a median total dose of 65 Gy (range, 58.0-70.8 Gy) in 1.8-2.0 Gy per fraction over 48 days, and 76 patients received split-course accelerated hyperfractionation with a median total dose of 67.2 Gy (range, 63.2-73.6 Gy) in 1.6 Gy twice a day over 43 days. Patients whose lymph nodes were not clinically detectable at 4-6 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy (complete response) were followed without any neck dissection. Patients with persistent neck adenopathy (partial response) underwent neck dissection whenever possible. Mean follow-up of the living patients was 6.5 years. RESULTS: Regional response was related to the size of lymph nodes at presentation. Eighty-seven percent of patients with nodal size of 3 cm or less had a complete response, whereas 43% of patients with nodal size greater than 3 cm had a partial response. The rate of regional control at 3 years for all patients in the study was 66%. The 3-year ultimate regional control rate after salvage neck dissection was 75%. A relapse in both the primary and regional sites was the most common pattern of relapse, accounting for 39% of all the failures. Local failure was associated with subsequent regional relapse with a relative risk of 4.3. For patients with complete response in whom postradiotherapy neck dissection was withheld, the regional control rates were 75% and 86% for N1 and N2, respectively. The rate of isolated regional relapse in this group of patients was 7.5%. In multivariate analysis, significant favorable factors predictive for regional control were female gender, accelerated hyperfractionation, and complete response; whereas factors predictive for overall survival were Karnofsky Performance Scale score and regional response. The rate of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Grade 2 or 3 neck fibrosis was 17% and 23% for patients with and without postradiotherapy neck dissection, respectively. CONCLUSION: Isolated regional relapse is not common in patients with supraglottic carcinoma when a complete response is achieved at 4-6 weeks after definitive radiotherapy and postradiotherapy neck dissection is not performed. Female gender, accelerated hyperfractionation, and complete response are favorable predictors of regional control.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes 1 and 5 are activators of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling required for inflammatory pain in mice.

Metabotropic glutamate receptors are expressed abundantly in the spinal cord and have been shown to play important roles in the modulation of nociceptive transmission and plasticity. Most previous studies have focused on the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR5) and activation of phospholipase C signaling by these receptors in modulating nociception. Recently, it was shown that the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs)/mitogen-activated protein kinases are activated in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons in response to stimulation of nociceptors and that ERK signaling is involved in nociceptive plasticity. In the present studies, we sought to test the hypothesis that group I mGluRs modulate nociceptive transmission or plasticity via modulation of ERK signaling in dorsal horn neurons. We show that activation of mGluR1 and mGluR5 leads to activation of ERK1 and ERK2 in the spinal cord. Furthermore, we find that inflammation-evoked ERK activation, which is required for nociceptive plasticity, is downstream of mGluR1 and mGluR5. Finally, we show colocalization of group I mGluRs with activated ERK in dorsal horn neurons. These results show that mGluR1 and mGluR5 are activated in dorsal horn neurons in response to peripheral inflammation and that activation of these group I mGluRs leads to activation of ERK1 and ERK2, resulting in enhanced pain sensitivity.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed2001

The small muscle-specific protein Csl modifies cell shape and promotes myocyte fusion in an insulin-like growth factor 1-dependent manner.

We have isolated a murine cDNA encoding a 9-kD protein, Chisel (Csl), in a screen for transcriptional targets of the cardiac homeodomain factor Nkx2-5. Csl transcripts were detected in atria and ventricles of the heart and in all skeletal muscles and smooth muscles of the stomach and pulmonary veins. Csl protein was distributed throughout the cytoplasm in fetal muscles, although costameric and M-line localization to the muscle cytoskeleton became obvious after further maturation. Targeted disruption of Csl showed no overt muscle phenotype. However, ectopic expression in C2C12 myoblasts induced formation of lamellipodia in which Csl protein became tethered to membrane ruffles. Migration of these cells was retarded in a monolayer wound repair assay. Csl-expressing myoblasts differentiated and fused normally, although in the presence of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 they showed dramatically enhanced fusion, leading to formation of large dysmorphogenic "myosacs." The activities of transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and myocyte enhancer-binding factor (MEF)2, were also enhanced in an IGF-1 signaling-dependent manner. The dynamic cytoskeletal localization of Csl and its dominant effects on cell shape and behavior and transcription factor activity suggest that Csl plays a role in the regulatory network through which muscle cells coordinate their structural and functional states during growth, adaptation, and repair.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

Specific secondary structures in the capsid-coding region of giardiavirus transcript are required for its translation in Giardia lamblia.

Enhanced translation of giardiavirus (GLV)-luciferase chimeric mRNA in Giardia lamblia requires the presence of the initial 264 nucleotides of the viral capsid-coding region. A 13 nt downstream box (DB) sequence within this region, complementary to a 15 nt sequence near the 3' end of G. lamblia 16 S-like ribosomal RNA (rRNA), was found to be essential for the enhanced translation. However, DB is located 64-78 nt downstream of the initiation codon, whereas an exponential increase of translation efficiency depends on a further increment of the coding region from nucleotides 111 to 264. Thus, there could be additional structural requirements for translation enhancement in the region downstream from DB. Four major stem-loop structures, designated I to IV, were identified in the MFOLD-predicted secondary structure of the 264 nt capsid-coding region with an estimated minimum free energy (DeltaG degrees ) of -77.16 kcal x mol(-1). Our chemical probing analysis of the free 264 nt RNA molecule in solution supports the predicted presence of stem-loops I, II and III, but casts doubts on stem-loop IV. It suggests, instead, the presence of a stem-loop IVA at a nearby location in the molecule. Site-directed mutagenesis designed to disrupt stem-loop structures I, II, III or IVA resulted in drastic reduction of translation efficiency, which was restored by compensatory sequence changes to regenerate individual stem-loop structures. Mutations disrupting the originally designated stem-loop IV did not exert any detectable effect on translation. However, alterations of the sequence UCUCC between nucleotides 216 and 220 in the flexible loop region of the revised secondary structure led to a precipitous drop in translation. Another stem-loop predicted by MFOLD that consists of a major portion of the DB sequence was examined by chemical probing but found little experimental support. Changes of the DB sequence without affecting the postulated stem structure led to drastic losses of translation efficiency. Thus, a simple structural basis for the enhanced translation could be that stem-loops I, II, III and IVA and the UCUCC sequence may facilitate the interaction between DB and the anti-DB in 16 S-like rRNA in initiating translation of GLV mRNA in G. lamblia.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed2001

Proton-lithium binding behavior of tris(2-((pyrid-2-ylmethyl)uredio)ethyl)amine.

Tris(2-((pyrid-2-ylmethyl)uredio)ethyl)amine (2) and its perchlorate salt, 2.HClO(4), bind with Li+ in nitromethane in a 1:1 fashion. The stability constants of K(Li+) and K(H)(Li+) were found to be 112 +/- 25 and 130 +/- 30 M(-)(1) in CD(3)NO(2), respectively. Formation of the 1:1 complexes were further evidenced by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The slight increase, or at least the same order of magnitude, of K(H)(Li+) compared to K(Li+) points to a remarkable preorganization of the protonated podand in 2.HClO(4), that essentially overcomes the increased Columbic repulsion occurring on complexation to Li+.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Functional assignment of the 20 S proteasome from Trypanosoma brucei using mass spectrometry and new bioinformatics approaches.

As experimental technologies for characterization of proteomes emerge, bioinformatic analysis of the data becomes essential. Separation and identification technologies currently based on two-dimensional gels/mass spectrometry provide the inherent analytical power required. This strategy involves protein spot digestion and accurate mass mapping together with computational interrogation of available data bases for protein functional identification. When either no exact match is found or when the possible matches only partially account for molecular weights actually observed, peptide sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry has emerged as the methodology of choice to provide the basic additional information required. To evaluate the capabilities of bioinformatics methods employed for identifying homologs of a protein of interest, we attempted to identify the major proteins from the 20 S proteasome of Trypanosoma brucei using sequence information determined using mass spectrometry. The results suggest that neither the traditional query engines, BLAST and FASTA, nor specialized software developed for analysis of sequence information obtained by mass spectrometry are able to identify even closely related sequences at statistically significant scores. To address this deficit, new bioinformatics approaches were developed for concomitant use of the multiple fragments of short sequence typically available from methods of tandem mass spectrometry. These approaches rely on the occurrence of congruence across searches of multiple fragments from a single protein. This method resulted in sharply better statistical significance values for correct hits in the data base output relative to that achieved for independent searches using single sequence fragments.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Role of the flexible loop of hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase from Tritrichomonas foetus in enzyme catalysis.

The hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGXPRTase), a type I PRTase, from Tritrichomonas foetus, is a potential target for antitritrichomonal chemotherapy. Structural data on all the type I PRTases reveal a highly flexible, 11-14-amino acid loop, presumably covering the active site. With the exception of a highly conserved Ser-Tyr dipeptide, the other amino acids constituting the loop vary widely among different PRTases. The roles of the conserved Ser73 and Tyr74 residues in the loop and the dynamics of the loop in T. foetus HGXPRTase were investigated using site-directed mutants, stop-flow kinetics, chemical modification, and two-dimensional (1)H-(15)N heteronuclear NMR relaxation experiments. S73A, Y74F, and Y74E mutants of HGXPRTase exhibited a 5-7-fold increase in K(m) for guanine and a 3-5-fold increase in K(m) for PRPP compared to that of the wild type, reflecting the decreased affinity of binding for the two substrates. The k(cat)'s for these mutant-catalyzed reactions, however, do not change appreciably from that of the wild-type enzyme. Stopped-flow fluorescence with a Y74W mutant showed no apparent quenching by adding either PRPP or GMP alone. When both PRPP and guanine were added together, however, the fluorescence was rapidly quenched, followed by a slow recovery as the enzyme-catalyzed reaction progressed, suggesting movement of the loop during catalysis. In the presence of 9-deazaguanine and PRPP, the rapidly quenched fluorescence was not recovered, suggesting a closed loop form. The accessibility of Trp74 in the flexible loop of the mutant enzyme was also analyzed using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), which reacts specifically with the tryptophan residue. NBS reacted with the only tryptophan in the Y74W mutant enzyme and rendered the enzyme inactive. GMP or PRPP alone failed to protect the enzyme from NBS inactivation. However, the presence of both 9-deazaguanine and PPRP protected the enzyme, allowing it to retain up to 70% of its activity. An S75H mutant, labeled with [(15)N]histidine, was used in the (1)H-(15)N NMR study. Spectra obtained in the presence of enzyme substrates indicated an apparent stabilization of the loop only in the presence of 9-deazaguanine and PRPP. These experimental results thus clearly demonstrated stabilization of the flexible loop upon binding of both PRPP and guanine and suggested its involvement in enzyme catalysis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Interleukin-1beta enhances bradykinin-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ mobilization in canine tracheal smooth-muscle cells: involvement of the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK)/MAPK pathway.

Elevated levels of several cytokines including interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) have been detected in airway fluid of asthmatic patients. Inhalation of IL-1beta induced a bronchial hyper-reactivity to contractile agonists. However, the implication of IL-1beta in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyper-reactivity is not completely understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of IL-1beta on bradykinin (BK)-induced inositol phosphate [Ins(X)P] accumulation and Ca2+ mobilization, and up-regulation of BK receptor density in canine cultured tracheal smooth-muscle cells (TSMCs). Treatment of TSMCs with IL-1beta potentiated BK-induced Ins(X)P accumulation and Ca2+ mobilization. However, there was no effect on the Ins(X)P response induced by endothelin-1, 5-hydroxytryptamine or carbachol. Treatment with platelet-derived growth factor B-chain homodimer (PDGF-BB) also enhanced the BK-induced Ins(X)P response. These enhancements by IL-1beta and PDGF-BB might be due to an up-regulation of BK B(2) receptor density (B(max)), since [(3)H]BK binding to TSMCs was inhibited by the B(2)-selective agonist and antagonist, BK and Hoe 140, but not by B(1)-selective reagents. The enhancing effects of IL-1beta and PDGF-BB on Ins(X)P accumulation, Ca2+ mobilization and B(max) were attenuated by PD98059 [an inhibitor of activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase, MEK] and cycloheximide (an inhibitor of protein synthesis), suggesting that IL-1beta may share a common signalling pathway with PDGF-BB via protein synthesis. Furthermore, overexpression of dominant negative mutants, H-Ras-15A and Raf-N4, significantly suppressed the up-regulation of BK receptors induced by IL-1beta, indicating that Ras and Raf may be required for activation of these kinases. These results suggest that the augmentation of BK-induced responses produced by IL-1beta might be, at least in part, mediated through activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK pathway in TSMCs.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The effect of treatment of vaginal infections on shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

To assess the effect of treatment of vaginal infections on vaginal shedding of cell-free human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-1-infected cells, HIV-1-seropositive women were examined before and after treatment of Candida vulvovaginitis, Trichomonas vaginitis, and bacterial vaginosis. For Candida (n=98), vaginal HIV-1 RNA decreased from 3.36 to 2.86 log(10) copies/swab (P<.001), as did the prevalence of HIV-1 DNA (36% to 17%; odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-6.5). For Trichomonas vaginitis (n=55), HIV-1 RNA decreased from 3.67 to 3.05 log(10) copies/swab (P<.001), but the prevalence of HIV-1 DNA remained unchanged (22%-25%; OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.3-2.2). For bacterial vaginosis (n=73), neither the shedding of HIV-1 RNA (from 3.11 to 2.90 log(10) copies/swab; P=.14) nor the prevalence of DNA (from 21% to 23%; OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.3-2.0) changed. Vaginal HIV-1 decreased 3.2- and 4.2-fold after treating Candida and Trichomonas, respectively. These data suggest that HIV-1 transmission intervention strategies that incorporate diagnosis and treatment of these prevalent infections warrant evaluation.

Adult↗