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Biomedical subjects

C C Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to C C Nelson.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva presenting as necrotizing scleritis with scleral perforation and uveal prolapse.

A 64-year-old white man presented with necrotizing scleritis with scleral perforation and uveal prolapse. Pathologic examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva invading adjacent corneal stroma and ciliary body. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is uncommon, and intraocular invasion has rarely been reported in the literature.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Umbilical cord clamping: beliefs and practices of American nurse-midwives.

The optimal time for umbilical cord clamping after birth remains a critical unknown fact that has implications for the infant, the mother, and science. A national survey was conducted using a randomized sample (n = 303) of the active membership of the ACNM to determine cord clamping practices and beliefs of American nurse-midwives. The response rate was 56%. The respondents fell into three cord clamping categories: early (EC) or before 1 minute (26%); intermediate (IC) or 1 to 3 minutes (35%); and late (LC) or after pulsations cease (33%). The EC group believes that early clamping facilitates management of the newborn. The IC group believes that a moderate delay of clamping allows for a gradual transition to extrauterine circulation, although many think that the timing of cord clamping is not significant. The LC group have strongly held beliefs that late clamping supports physiologic birth processes. The majority of CNMs (87%) place the baby on the mother's abdomen immediately after birth and 96% avoid clamping a nuchal cord whenever possible. Although Varney's Midwifery was cited most frequently as a reference, 78% of the respondents listed no references reflecting, in part, the absence of evidence-based recommendations for cord clamping practices.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epigenetic mechanisms for progression of prostate cancer.

Epigenetic mechanisms may be the main driving force for critical changes in gene expression that are responsible for progression of prostate cancers. The three most extensively characterized mechanisms for epigenetic gene-regulation are (i) changing patterns of DNA methylation, (ii) histone acetylations/deacetylations, and (iii) alterations in regulatory feedback loops for growth factors. Several studies have indicated that DNA hypermethylation is an important mechanism in prostate cancer for inactivation of key regulatory genes such as E-cadherin, pi-class glutathione S-transferase, the tumor suppressors CDKN2 and PTEN, and IGF-II. Similarly, histone acetylations and deacetylations are frequently associated respectively with transcriptional activation (e.g. IGFBP-2 and p21) and repression (e.g. Mad:Max dimers) of genes linked to prostate cancer progression. Recently, histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase activities have been shown to be intrinsic with transcriptional coregulator proteins that bind to steroid receptors (e.g. SRC-1 and PCAF). Changes in regulatory feedback loops for growth factors with prostate cancer progression tend toward shifts from paracrine to autocrine control where the receptor and ligand are produced by the same cell. While there are several examples of this progression pattern in prostate tumors such as with IGF, FGF, TGF-alpha and their respective receptors, the precise mechanism (i.e. epigenetic or mutational) is less certain. In the context of treatment options, the contribution of mutational versus epigenetic events to prostate cancer progression is an important consideration. Irreversible genetic changes are likely to be less amenable to therapeutic control than are epigenetic ones.

Acetylation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successful treatment of infantile hemangiomas with interferon-alpha-2b.

PURPOSE: Hemangiomas are benign tumors occurring in 10% of infants. A small percentage are complicated by blockage of vital structures, consumptive coagulopathy, or heart failure, resulting in a mortality of -20% of patients with complications. Here, we describe four infants with complicated hemangiomas responding to interferon-alpha-2b therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four children with hemangiomas were treated with interferon-alpha-2b for complicating heart failure (1), visual impairment (2), or coagulopathy (1). Patients received interferon-alpha-2b alone or in conjunction with corticosteroid therapy over 2 to 9 months. Imaging studies and urinary basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels were used to monitor treatment response. RESULTS: Three of four patients demonstrated involution of the hemangiomas with improvement in their coagulopathy or visual impairment. The fourth patient expired due to cardiac complications despite radiologic evidence of hemangioma involution. Side effects associated with interferon-alpha-2b treatment included elevated transaminases (2) and leukocytosis (2), which resolved upon completion of therapy. One patient developed mild gross motor delay (1), which improved after cessation of therapy. Decreased urinary bFGF levels correlated with hemangioma involution. CONCLUSION: Interferon-alpha-2b therapy is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for complicated hemangiomas. Measurement of urinary bFGF levels may provide an objective method for monitoring treatment response.

Exophthalmos↗
PubMedDate not supplied

AIDS prevention programs in a smaller community.

This paper discusses the development and implementation of an AIDS prevention program in a non-urban area. A non-urban area provides challenges, issues and barriers not found in a large urban area. Characteristics of smaller centre residents, their attitudes and values will shape their response to HIV/AIDS issues. To facilitate HIV service delivery and program implementation, a variety of strategies to facilitate "ownership" are required to create a supportive, caring environment for families affected or infected by AIDS within small community settings.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗