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Biomedical subjects

C C Muscoplat

Publications and source records attributed to C C Muscoplat.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Development of a migration inhibitory factor assay under agarose of bovine mononuclear leukocytes, using an antigen of Brucella abortus.

A study was conducted to develop a migration inhibitory factor assay under agarose of bovine mononuclear leukocytes, with an antigen of Brucella abortus. Different concentrations of mononuclear leukocytes were prepared by the Ficoll-Hypaque technique from the blood of nonvaccinated calves and from calves previously vaccinated with strain 19. Concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 x 10(6) leukocytes were suspended in RPMI-1640 medium and various dilutions (20, 10, 1, and 0.1 microgram) of B abortus-soluble antigen, dispensed in triplicate wells cut in 1% agarose containing minimal essential medium and 10% bovine fetal serum. These agarose plates were incubated for 4-, 8-, 12-, 16-, 20-, and 24-hour periods and then were fixed; leukocytes were stained with Wright's stain. Migration distances were measured, and statistical analyses of the data revealed a concentration of 2 x 10(6) cells/well and an antigen concentration of 10 microgram/well. An incubation period of 20 hours was optimal for the assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Immunomodulatory effects of levamisole.

The conditions under which the anthelmintic drug levamisole modulates immune function were reviewed. Treatment with the drug corrects defective leukocyte reactivity and can bring clinical improvement in chronic infections, inflammatory disease, and malignancy. Therapeutic effectiveness depends upon dose, timing, and the patient's immune status, and results are often inconsistent. Levamisole therapy can cause marked but reversible complications, many of which have immunopathologic features.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Monocyte-induced potentiation of bovine fetal thymocyte mitogenic responses to concanavalin A.

Peripheral blood monocytes significantly potentiated the mitogenic response of bovine fetal thymocytes to Concanavalin A as measured by incorporation of [3H] thymidine into cellular DNA. Mononuclear cells obtained from either normal or Mycobacterium bovis sensitized cattle were cultured with or without purified protein derivative (PPD) for 24 hours at which time bovine fetal thymocytes and concanavalin A were added. After 3 days of culture, both activated or non-activated monocytes significantly potentiated Con A-induced blastogenic responses. of monocytes from thymocyte cultures completely abrogated thymocyte responses to Concanavalin A.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Kinetics of interaction and fate of Pasteurella hemolytica in bovine alveolar macrophages.

To study the role of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in phagocytizing Pasteurella hemolytica, we developed an in vitro cultivation method for preparing them. This procedure provided an adherent monolayer of PAMs which were nonspecific esterase-positive and phagocytized latex beads. The phagocytosis and fate of P. hemolytica (biotype A, serotype 1) by PAMs in suspension were studied. The kinetics of phagocytosis were determined by quantitatively measuring the uptake of 24-h [(3)H]thymidine-labeled bacteria by the PAMs in the presence of opsonins. Results showed that the uptake of P. hemolytica was enhanced in the presence of normal serum or antiserum. A total of 90% of the bacteria were phagocytized in the presence of normal adult bovine serum, and up to 95% were phagocytized in the presence of an antiserum. These studies also showed that normal serum, but not fetal calf serum, contained heat-stable natural antibodies which readily initiated the opsonization of P. hemolytica. The heat-labile complement system was also involved in the opsonization. The fate of P. hemolytica inside the PAMs was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and by the viable plate count method. Approximately 90% of the normal serum- or antiserum-opsonized P. hemolytica were phagocytized by PAMs at a bacteria/PAM ratio of 20:1 and were completely degraded after 60 min of exposure. Prolonged incubation of this mixture of bacteria and PAMs resulted in cytotoxic changes and destruction of PAMs. At a low bacteria/PAM ratio (10:1 or less), there was phagocytosis and killing of bacteria but no cytotoxic changes on the PAMs. The exact mechanism which initiated this phenomenon was not demonstrated. Perhaps toxic substance(s) released by the excess unphagocytized bacteria caused the cytotoxic changes to the PAMs.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Enumeration and characterization of bovine blood, spleen and lymph node cells containing immunoglobulins.

In this study, the average percentage of bovine spleen and lymph node cells with surface immunoglobulin (S-Ig) was found to be 19.62 and 23.18%, respectively. The average percentage of these cells with cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (C-Ig) was 14.46 and 17.21%. Only the percentage of cells with S-Ig showed a strong correlation between the spleen and the lymph node. Also, several methods of removing S-Ig from bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells were investigated. It was found that the loss of passively bound S-Ig by warm washing was minimal, and that the anti-Ig-treated mononuclear blood cells would lose their caps after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C, but not after 45 min of incubation, although 95% of the cells with S-Ig were capped within 15 min.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Involvement of calcium in mitogenic and immunoglobulin responses in bovine lymphocytes.

Removal of calcium from cultures of bovine splenic lymphoid cells with ethyleneglycol-bis-(2-amino ethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) caused significant suppression of pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) biosynthesis. It was found that removal of calcium for 48 hours of a 5-day culture significantly altered Ig biosynthesis. Re-addition of calcium after 48 hours did not restore Ig synthesis. The EGTA caused significant (P < 0.05) suppression of DNA synthesis when calcium was removed from concanavalin A- and purified protein derivative-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. Further, removal of calcium for 48 hours of 4-day cultures significantly altered the DNA synthesis in mitogen- and antigen-stimulated cultures.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Evidence of cytocidal effects of Pasteurella haemolytica on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes.

Pasteurella haemolytica had a pronounced cytocidal effect on bovine mononuclear leukocytes. Mononuclear leukocytes separated from venous blood on Ficoll-diatrizoate and incubated with either P haemolytica or Escherichia coli showed a significantly greater percentage cell death than did cells incubated with Staphylococcus epidermidis or controls. Neither heat-killed nor x-irradiated P haemolytica caused a significant percentage cell death. The cytotoxic potential of P haemolytica was dose related in that cell death among mononuclear leukocytes increased as the ratio of bacteria-to-cells increased. Enriched monocyte cultures showed a higher and less variable rate of cell death than either enriched lymphocyte or mixed leukocyte cultures.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Lidocaine: effect on phagocytosis and purification of monocytes in bovine peripheral blood.

Enumeration of bovine monocytes was determined by latex ingestion, using live cell and fixed cell techniques. Approximately 7.33% of the mononuclear leukocytes were found to phagocytize latex particles by live-cell technique and approximately 7.38% of mononuclear leukocytes phagocytized latex particles by fixed-cell technique. Lidocaine (30 mM) significantly inhibited phagocytosis of latex particles; however, the effects of lidocaine can be reversible. Adherent monocytes can be removed with lidocaine treatment and can be enriched to as much as 90% pure monocytes. Removal of lidocaine was associated with a return to normal cell function.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Observations on diagnostic tests for paratuberculosis in a deer herd.

Paratuberculosis was diagnosed in a herd of 62 fallow deer (Dama dama) and 38 sika deer (Cervus nipon) maintained in an animal park in Ohio. A comparison was made of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, results of in vitro lymphocyte immunostimulation tests, and isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis on fecal culture in 19 deer.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Depression of bovine monocyte chemotactic responses by bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Incubation of bovine peripheral blood monocytes with bovine viral diarrhea virus (either Singer or NY-1 strain) caused a consistent, statistically significant decrease in their random locomotion (no chemoattractant) and chemotaxis towards a chemotactic lymphokine. Chemotaxis was determined by a modification of the Boyden method. Incubation of bovine viral diarrhea virus with mononuclear cells depressed chemotaxis by a mean of 56% (P less than 0.0005). Heat-killed virus had no effect on monocyte motility. Data suggest that bovine viral diarrhea virus can rapidly suppress monocyte functions in vitro, but by unknown mechanisms, not by killing cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Regulation of mitogen- and antigen-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis by prostaglandins.

Exogenously added prostaglandin E1 or E2 inhibited the blastogenic response of Mycobacterium bovis-sensitized bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, or M. bovis purified protein derivative as measured by [3H]thymidine uptake. The kinetics of the response showed that prostaglandins must be added to lymphocyte cultures within hours after mitogen or antigen addition to achieve maximum suppression of [3H]thymidine uptake. Addition of prostaglandins 24 h after the addition of mitogens or antigens resulted in considerably less suppression, supporting a hypothesis that prostaglandins initiate an early series of events which ultimately control lymphocyte blastogenesis rather than directly inhibit deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.

Animals↗