Acute renal failure in non-fulminant hepatitis A.
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Acute Kidney Injury↗
Biomedical subjects
C C Lin
Publications and source records attributed to C C Lin.
Limb lengthening over an intramedullary nail. An animal study and clinical report.
With the goal of reducing the duration of external fixation in limb lengthening, the authors investigated the feasibility of limb lengthening over an intramedullary nail that could be statically locked when the desired length was achieved, permitting early removal of the external fixation device. In a preliminary study, 8 minigoats underwent 2.0-cm lengthening of the tibia by means of a uniplanar external fixator. Half of the goats had a reamed nail placed in the tibia at the initial surgery. By 10 weeks after lengthening, there no difference in radiographic, histologic, or biomechanical evidence of bone regeneration was found between the tibiae that were nailed and those that were not. In a following clinical series, 15 patients underwent tibial or femoral lengthening by means of a circular frame fixator with a reamed intramedullary nail in place. The postoperative course was uneventful except for 1 infection. The distraction gaps became ossified from 6 months to 1 year, and only 2 patients needed additional bone graftings. The joint function of the lengthened limb at last followup was good. Gradual limb lengthening with a reamed intramedullary nail in place is safe and effective and allows for early removal of the external fixation device.
Adolescent↗
Antiplatelet and antiproliferative effects of SCH 51866, a novel type 1 and type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor.
SCH 51866 is a potent and selective PDE1 and PDE5 inhibitor. The antiplatelet, antiproliferative, and hemodynamic effects of SCH 51866 were compared with those of E4021, a highly selective PDE5 inhibitor. SCH 51866 inhibited PDE1 and PDE5 isozymes with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 70 and 60 nM, respectively. SCH 51866 and E4021 inhibited washed human platelet aggregation induced by collagen with an IC50 of 10 and 4 microM, respectively, and attenuated (p < 0.05) the adhesion of 111indium-labeled platelets to the nylon filament-injured rat aorta. The doses of SCH 51866 and E4021 that inhibited platelet adhesion caused significant increases in platelet cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP; p < 0.05). SCH 51866 (1-10 mg/kg, p.o. twice daily) but not E4021 (3-30 mg/kg, p.o twice daily) inhibited neointima formation in the carotid arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) subjected to balloon angioplasty. Moreover, SCH 51866 (0.3-10 mg/kg, p.o.) elicited dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure in SHRs, whereas E4021 (3-30 mg/kg, p.o.) did not affect blood pressure in SHRs. In conclusion, the data suggest that inhibition of PDE1 and PDE5 isozymes by SCH 51866 exerts antiplatelet and vascular protective effects. In comparison, inhibition of PDE5 alone by E4021 exhibited antiplatelet effects without affecting neointima formation.
3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases↗
Superoxide anion scavenging effect of coumarins.
The superoxide scavenging effects of fifteen coumarins were tested on the xanthine-xanthine oxidase-cytochrome C system. The results showed that fraxetin(10) displayed the strongest activity, and its percent inhibition at 100, 10 and 1 muM were 100, 100 and 53.13% respectively. Esculetin(4) showed the second strongest activity resulting in percent inhibition at 100 and 10 muM were 87.16 and 52.38% respectively. Both fraxetin(10) and esculetin(4) have been isolated from the plant, Fraxinus bungeana DC (Oleaceae) which has been used in folk medicine as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory medicine. It seems that two phenolic hydroxy groups in the ortho position in the molecule of coumarins play an important role in scavenging activity.
Anions↗
The anti-inflammatory activity of Scutellaria rivularis extracts and its active components, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin.
Five extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water) of Scutellaria rivularis Benth. were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and compared with indomethacin. The result indicated that chloroform extract proved to be the most effective in all of the extracts. Consequently, three major components (baicalin, baicalein and wogonin) of the chloroform extract were further tested for their anti-inflammatory activity using the same model. It was found that baicalin exhibits the greatest inhibition activity against carrageenan-induced rat paw edema.
Animals↗
Anti-inflammatory and radical scavenge effects of Arctium lappa.
The effects of Arctium lappa L. (root) on anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenger activity were investigated. Subcutaneous administration of A. lappa crude extract significantly decreased carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. When simultaneously treated with CCl4, it produced pronounced activities against CCl4-induced acute liver damage. The free radical scavenging activity of its crude extract was also examined by means of an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. The IC50 of A. lappa extract on superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenger activity was 2.06 mg/ml and 11.8 mg/ml, respectively. These findings suggest that Arctium lappa possess free radical scavenging activity. The inhibitory effects on carrageenan-induced paw edema and CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity could be due to the scavenging effect of A. lappa.
Animals↗
Anti-inflammatory effects of emodin from ventilago leiocarpa.
Emodin, a major component of the AcOEt and CHCl3 fractions from Ventilago leiocarpa Bunge (Rhamnaceae), was isolated. It exhibited apti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced edema in rats.
Acetates↗
The protective effect of Alstonia scholaris R. Br. on hepatotoxin-induced acute liver damage.
The hepatoprotective effect of Alstonia scholaris R. Br. on liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). beta-D-galactosamine, acetaminophen and ethanol were investigated by means of serum-biochemical and histopathological examinations. Post treatment of A scholaris reduced dose-dependently the elevation of serum transaminases level and histopathological changes such as cell necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, which were caused by the single administration of 32 microliters/kg CCl4 or 600 mg/kg acetaminophen in mice. A. scholaris significantly lowered 288 mg/kg beta-D-galactosamine induced serum transaminases elevation in the serum-biochemical analysis in rats. A tendency was also shown to inhibit cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration caused by beta-D-galactosamine in histopathological examination. All serological and histopathological effects of A. scholaris were compared with those of Bupleurum chinense, which has been reported previously as a treatment criteria of hepatitis.
Acetaminophen↗
Protective and therapeutic effects of huanglian-jie-du-tang on hepatotoxin-induced liver injuries.
The hepatoprotective effect of Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT), a Chinese medicinal prescription, was investigated in three kinds of experimental models. The animals were treated with HLJDT (300 mg/kg, p.o.) thrice at 2, 4 and 10 hours after administration with carbon tetrachloride (32 microliters/kg, i.p.), acetaminophen (600 mg/kg, i.p.) and beta-D-galactosamine (188 mg/kg, i.p.). Significant hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen induced liver injuries were noted, but no significant effect on beta-D-galactosamine induced liver injury was observed. These hepatoprotective effects were evidenced by comparing the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) levels in HLJDT treated and untreated groups. Serum enzyme activities in the carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen experiments were significantly lower in the treated groups while the herbal prescription has no effect on the beta-D-galactosamine experiment. These results demonstrated that Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang has a hepatoprotective effect against experimental liver injuries induced by specific hepatotoxins, and therefore may be useful in treating some, but not all, liver injuries.
Animals↗
The hepatoprotective effects of Taiwan folk medicine ham-hong-chho in rats.
Bidens pilosa L. var minor (Blume) Sherff, B. pilosa L. and B. chilensis DC (compositae), commonly known as "Ham-hong-chho" in Taiwan, have been traditionally used for medicinal purposes. To clarify and compare the hepatoprotective effects of these three plants, we evaluated their potential effectiveness on CCl4- and acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic lesions in rats. The results indicated that the increase in SGOT and SGPT activities caused by CCl4 (3.0 ml/kg, s.c.) and acetaminophen administration (600 mg/kg, i.p.) could be significantly reduced by treating with the extracts of all the three kinds of "Ham-hong-chho" and the extract of B. chilensis exhibited the greatest hepatoprotective effects. These phenomena were also confirmed by histological observation. Liver damage induced by CCl4 and acetaminophen was markedly improved in the extract of B. chilensis treated groups, while groups treated with the extracts of B. pilosa var minor and B. pilosa demonstrated only moderate protective effects. The pharmacological and pathological effects of these three crude groups were compared with Bupleurum chinense, which has been reported previously as a treatment criteria in the CCl4 model, and with silymarin as a standard reference medicine in the acetaminophen model. The results suggest that B. pilosa var minor, B. pilosa and B. chilensis can protect liver injuries from various hepatotoxins and have potential as broad spectrum antihepatic agents.
Animals↗
Comparison between nocturnal nasal positive pressure ventilation combined with oxygen therapy and oxygen monotherapy in patients with severe COPD.
We evaluated the benefits of O2 therapy and nocturnal nasal positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) with or without O2 in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Twelve patients with severe COPD and nocturnal oxygen desaturation, who had not been receiving long-term O2 therapy and who could tolerate more than 2 wk of NPPV therapy, were enrolled in this study in a stable condition. Data on pulmonary function tests (PFTS), arterial blood gases (ABG), right and left ventricular ejection fractions (RVEF and LVEF) from nuclear medicine studies, and overnight sleep studies were collected at the beginning of the study and after each 2 wk of therapy with O2, NPPV, or NPPV with O2. Patients received O2 monotherapy or NPPV for sequential 2-wk periods in a randomized, cross-over design, followed by 2 wk of NPPV with O2. Hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses (HVR) in the study group, as measured by mouth occlusion pressure in the first 100 ms of inspiration against an occluded airway (P0.1), were compared with normal controls and repeated after 2 wk of therapy with NPPV with O2. The results revealed no significant changes in the percent of each sleep stage regardless of the treatment modality. However, sleep efficiency was poorer when NPPV was used than when it was not used. NPPV alone did not improve nocturnal oxygenation when compared with the baseline sleep study. Oxygen monotherapy was better than NPPV therapy for improving nocturnal oxygenation. NPPV plus O2 therapy showed no benefits over O2 monotherapy in either RVEF or LVEF, ABG, or HVR. In conclusion, for severe COPD patients, O2 therapy is more effective than NPPV for improving nocturnal oxygenation.
Aged↗
Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
To characterize the role of circulating intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) and E-selectin in patients with acute coronary syndrome, serum levels of ICAM-1 and E-selectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Group 1 comprised 17 patients with acute myocardial infarction; group 2 included 17 patients with unstable angina; and group 3 included 19 control subjects. These 53 patients all had prolonged chest pain within 24 h and all underwent coronary angiography. Group 1 and 2 patients had significant coronary artery disease, while group 3 had normal coronary arteries. Blood samples were collected at the emergency department before antiplatelet agents were given. Serum levels of 1CAM-1 were higher in group 1 and 2 (383 +/- 27 and 337 +/- 11 ng/mL, respectively) as compared with group 3 (282 +/- 18 ng/mL) (group 1 vs 3, p<0.01; group 2 vs 3, p<0.05). The serum levels of ICAM-1 were not significantly different between group 1 and 2. Serum levels of E-selectin in group 1, 2, and 3 were 58 +/- 8, 51 +/- 4, and 58 +/- 5 ng/mL, respectively. The serum levels of E-selectin showed no significant difference among the three groups. In conclusion, serum levels of ICAM-1 were elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome within 24 h, while the E-selectin levels did not change significantly. This finding suggests that adhesion molecule may play an important role in the postrolling process of leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction in acute coronary syndrome.
Aged↗
Suicide and parasuicide in psychiatric inpatients: ten years experience at a general hospital in Taiwan.
We investigated 64 suicidal acts of 62 psychiatric inpatients over a 10-yr. period. The findings indicated the frequency of suicidal behavior of psychiatric inpatients was 0.91% of total admissions, two thirds of the patients who attempted suicide were diagnosed with schizophrenia or depression, and patients suffering from depression, substance abuse, and personality disorders had a higher parasuicide rate, among whom those diagnosed bipolar disorder with depressive episode had an extremely high parasuicide rate. Most of the incidents occurred in concealed places, and most of the patients used nonviolent methods. About half of the incidents occurred during the evening shift and depressed patients tended to attempt suicide during the night shift. Most suicidal attempts were unsuccessful and led to minor injury. There were two deaths.
Adult↗
Cloning, expression, and comparison of the binding characteristics of the known human dopamine receptors.
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Animals↗
[The practicability of preceptorship in the curriculum of medical education].
Physicians who have graduated from traditional medical education curriculum focus on technological and organ system training, and are deficient in modern community health care concepts and skills. A preceptorship course integrates at various medical educational periods is one of the important goals at education reform in America. In this study, we attempt to ascertain the opinions of family physicians about the current family medicine curriculum and the practicability of preceptorship in Taiwan. The result can be a reference for future medical curriculum design. Two hundreds and thirty-five (40.8%) questionnaires were collected and analyzed. They showed most respondents were dissatisfied with the current curriculum of family medicine, and most agree that primary care physicians involvement would be helpful in producing efficient and well-qualified physicians. They suggested that preceptorship should best be first integrated in a basic knowledge course. We suggest that faculties who are responsible for curriculum design should evaluate the current curriculum and the appropriateness of preceptorship in Taiwan. Prior to the reform, faculty development and evaluation are the essential and crucial tasks.
Adult↗
Digital ischemia associated with lung cancer: a case report.
Digital ischemia or necrosis has unusually been associated with neoplasm. The occurrence of cryoglobulinemia and lung cancer with digital ischemia has been extremely rare in the past. This report concerns a case with adenocarcinoma of the lung associated with cryoglobulinemia, with rapidly developing digital ischemia of the tips of fingers and toes. Following concurrent chemoradiotherapy, there was improvement in digital ischemia and disappearance of serum cryoglobulin. The mechanisms of neoplasm-associated digital ischemia are complex; however, the cryoglobulinemia and probable arteritis may have played important roles in producing the ischemic symptoms in this case.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Conserved structure and adjacent location of the thrombin receptor and protease-activated receptor 2 genes define a protease-activated receptor gene cluster.
BACKGROUND: Thrombin is a serine protease that elicits a variety of cellular responses. Molecular cloning of a thrombin receptor revealed a G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by a novel proteolytic mechanism. Recently, a second protease-activated receptor was discovered and dubbed PAR2. PAR2 is highly related to the thrombin receptor by sequence and, like the thrombin receptor, is activated by cleavage of its amino terminal exodomain. Also like the thrombin receptor, PAR2 can be activated by the hexapeptide corresponding to its tethered ligand sequence independent of receptor cleavage. Thus, functionally, the thrombin receptor and PAR2 constitute a fledgling receptor family that shares a novel proteolytic activation mechanism. To further explore the relatedness of the two known protease-activated receptors and to examine the possibility that a protease-activated gene cluster might exist, we have compared the structure and chromosomal locations of the thrombin receptor and PAR2 genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The genomic structures of the two protease-activated receptor genes were determined by analysis of lambda phage, P1 bacteriophage, and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) genomic clones. Chromosomal location was determined with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes, and the relative distance separating the two genes was evaluated both by means of two-color FISH and analysis of YACs and BACs containing both genes. RESULTS: Analysis of genomic clones revealed that the two protease-activated receptor genes share a two-exon genomic structure in which the first exon encodes 5'-untranslated sequence and signal peptide, and the second exon encodes the mature receptor protein and 3'-untranslated sequence. The two receptor genes also share a common locus with the two human genes located at 5q13 and the two mouse genes at 13D2, a syntenic region of the mouse genome. These techniques also suggest that the physical distance separating these two genes is less than 100 kb. CONCLUSIONS: The fact that the thrombin receptor and PAR2 genes share an identical structure and are located within approximately 100 kb of each other in the genome demonstrates that these genes arose from a gene duplication event. These results define a new protease-activated receptor gene cluster in which new family members may be found.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Carcinosarcoma of the renal pelvis: a case report with immunohistochemical study.
The clinicopathologic feature of one carcinosarcoma of the renal pelvis is reported. The tumor occurred in a 51-year-old woman with a long standing history of renal calculi. The epithelial component was consistent with squamous cell carcinoma, whereas the sarcomatous component was composed of pleomorphic spindle cells. The immunohistochemical studies demonstrated obvious epithelial and mesenchymal reactivity respectively. The tumor progressed rapidly with widespread metastases and the patient died one month after operation.
Carcinosarcoma↗