Biomedical subjects

C C Li

Publications and source records attributed to C C Li.

130 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Progressing from eugenics to human genetics. celebrating the 70th birthday of professor Newton E. Morton.

Eugenics, unlike science, involves decision making on various issues, and decision making involves the risk of making errors. This communication first clarifies the nature and seriousness of making errors known as type II in the statistical literature, i.e. the error of punishing a person when he is not guilty of the crime attributed to him. Eugenic laws in China and the eugenic movements in England and the United States are briefly reviewed. The explosive advances made in medical and population genetics in the last 40 years are replacing the conventional eugenics programs by new approaches. Modern genetic counseling has been introduced as the intermediate agent between the scientist and the family that needs advice. It is stressed that individual rights must be respected under all circumstances.

China↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Similarity of DNA fingerprints due to chance and relatedness.

Given the DNA fingerprints of two individuals with some bands being shared by both individuals, we define a new measure of the degree of similarity between the DNA profiles of two individuals. We use this measure to calculate the expected DNA similarity of two unrelated individuals of a randomly mating population; this similarity is due to chance only. Then, the expected similarity between two related individuals is obtained; this similarity is due to chance and relatedness. From these results, the degree of similarity due to relatedness alone may be calculated.

Alleles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

DNA profile similarity in a subdivided population.

There is considerable debate regarding the effect of population subdivision (heterogeneity) on the probability of a chance or coincidental match between two DNA samples studied with respect to multiple, polymorphic genetic markers. We have theoretically investigated the relationship between the average similarity between two randomly chosen DNA samples and the probability of an identical match between these samples, and population subdivision. Our results demonstrate that the average similarity and the match probability is smaller when population heterogeneity exists as compared to a random mating population with identical gene frequencies, for realistic values of heterogeneity. In other words, ignoring subdivision provides numerical values only slightly larger than the true values and are, thus, conservative.

Alleles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hemodynamic and atrial natriuretic peptide responses to fluid removal and reinfusion in hemodialysis patients.

The authors have studied the sequential changes in hemodynamic responses and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) levels following bicarbonate hemodialysis with fluid removal followed by an infusion of saline and then ultrafiltration of the added fluid. Cardiac output, stroke volume, and thoracic fluid index (TFI) were measured by transthoracic impedence cardiography. Left cardiac work index (LCWI) was derived using these hemodynamic and mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurements. MAP was lower following dialysis when compared to pure ultrafiltration of a similar fluid loss. LCWI decreased during both dialysis and ultrafiltration. TFI, which is inversely related to intrathoracic fluid, increased following dialysis and ultrafiltration. ANP levels fell following fluid removal but remained elevated above normal control levels. The authors conclude that ANP levels are related to fluid not cardiac status in dialysis patients and that impedence cardiography is of value in determining hemodynamic and fluid changes during dialysis.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗