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Biomedical subjects

C C Entwistle

Publications and source records attributed to C C Entwistle.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

B15 heterogeneity in East African Blacks.

One-hundred-forty-one Blacks (135 unrelated) from Kenya and Tanzania have been tissue-typed (HLA-A, B and C loci) as part of a study of host factors involved in Burkitt's lymphoma and naso-pharyngeal carcinoma. Evidence is presented for the existence in this population of several B15-related antigens which together occur with a relatively high frequency of 30% in unrelated individuals. It is likely that these variants may include the antigens SV and perhaps Bu recently defined with population frequencies of under 1% in Caucasians. In the absence of monospecific typing sera, identification of these variants may be helped by their apparently strong association with C-locus antigens in Blacks. Recognition of these B15 variants has been largely responsible for reducing the proportion of unidentified or "blank" B-locus antigens in this population to only 6%. These findings substantiate and amplify previous reports suspecting the presence of such antigens in Blacks, and should facilitate studies of possible associations of disease with HLA in these populations.

Africa, Eastern↗
PubMed1980

Bu and SV: two closely related B-locus specificities.

The B15/Bw21/Bw35 related specificities "Bu" and "SV" have been studied in Bristol and in Leiden, both independently and with mutually exchanged sera and cells. Evidence is presented that these specificities are likely to be discrete though very closely related antigens occurring with a combined phenotype frequency of about 1% in Dutch and English Caucasians. SV may be associated with Aw36, while no clear-cut haplotype or phenotypic association has yet emerged for Bu with any HLA--A sor C locus antigen. Bu and SV appear to be related to the variant of B15 reported to be common in Negroid populations.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

Ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27 and Klebsiella. II. Cross-reactivity studies with human tissue typing sera.

Human monospecific HLA B27 typing sera have been shown to have increased binding activity for klebsiella extracts by haemagglutination (P less than 0.001), radiobinding assay (P less than 0.025) and radiolabelled antigen competition assay (P less than 0.02) when compared to non-B27 tissue typing sera. These observations are in agreement with those of studies using rabbit sera, suggesting that HLA B27 lymphocytes may exhibit partial cross-reactivity with bacterial antigens found in some Gram-negative microorganisms such as klebsiella. It is suggested ankylosing spondylitis may occur as a result of immunological damage following infection by Gram-negative bacteria carrying antigens having stereochemical similarity to self antigens.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1978

Bu--a new antigen at the HLA-B locus.

Evidence is presented for a new allele at the HLA--B locus defining a new antigen, Bu. Population studies indicate a gene frequency of 0.0043 in English Caucasians. No HLA--B locus triplets involving the Bu antigen have been observed. Inheritance of Bu has been established in three informative families, each of at least three generations. Platelet absorption studies and analysis of a large number of multispecific HLA--B antisera suggest that Bu is "intermediate" between the well-established antigens Bw15 and Bw21.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1975

Routine screening of donor plasma suitable for the preparation of antitetanus immunoglobulin.

A radial immunodiffusion assay for serum antitetanus antibody has been in routine use in this laboratory for 12 months. It has proved simple and reliable for the screening of normal blood donors. Earlier preliminary observations - that (a) 4.4% East Anglian donors have antibody levels of 5 IU/ml or more and (b) 29% of such donors maintain more or less constant antibody levels for a considerable time without further known stimulation - have been confirmed.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Antibody to vaccinia. II. Prevalence in blood donors.

3.6% of sera from random blood donors were found to contain antibody to vaccinia antigen(s) when screened by IEOP. Antibodies of the strength previously suggested as suitable for use in the preparation of anti-vaccinia immune globulin (titre 2 or more) were only found in revaccinated donors, especially but not exclusively those bled within about 3 months of last vaccination.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Separation of plasma from whole blood by membrane filtration in oscillatory flows.

This paper describes the performance of a microfiltration plasmapheresis unit operating with reversing oscillatory flows. The device consists of a flat channel duct between cellulose nitrate membranes and was used to extract plasma from anticoagulated fresh whole bovine blood. Measurements were made of plasma flux, haematocrit concentration, haemolysis and protein sieving coefficients. The effects on plasma flux are reported for alterations in the stroke and frequency of flow pulsations, transmembrane pressure, membrane properties and blood throughput. It was found that the imposition of oscillatory flows enhanced the plasma extraction rate by a factor of 3, producing about 0.9 litre/min/m2 membrane.

Animals↗