Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C C Crowe.
Central Australian Aborigines have a wide variety of medical illnesses which differ in incidence and severity from elsewhere in Australia. Coinciding with this are a range of cultural considerations that directly affect the management of these conditions. This article is an attempt to relate some of these cultural considerations to explain the outcome of these illnesses in the Aboriginal population.
Although the infant mortality rates of Central Australian Aborigines has greatly improved since the early 70s the morbidity and early adult mortality statistics are still very poor. Solutions are complex and unclear. The author outlines some of the common problems that need to be resolved.
Rosamicin is a new macrolide antibiotic produced by Micromonospora rosaria. It shares certain chemical and biological characteristics with erythromycin. Activity against gram-positive strains was assayed by broth dilution and compared to that of erythromycin and lincomycin. Rosamicin was bacteriostatic and inhibited most strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococci, viridans streptococci, and group A streptococci in concentrations of 0.02 to 4.0 mug/ml. Results were similar for erythromycin and for lincomycin (excluding enterococci). Cross-resistance of gram-positive organisms to these three antimicrobial agents was incomplete. Rosamicin was more active than erythromycin against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas at pH 7.2. Alkalinization of the medium enhanced the activity of both rosamicin and erythromycin; however, rosamicin was still more active than erythromycin against all gram-negative strains at pH 7.6 and 8.0. In view of the high degree of in vitro activity of rosamicin against gram-positive organisms, lack of complete cross-resistance with erythromycin and lincomycin, and the greater activity of rosamicin than erythromycin against gram-negative organisms, further investigation of this macrolide is warranted.
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Sisomicin is a new antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. The in vitro activities of sisomicin, gentamicin, and tobramycin, three similar aminoglycosides, were determined against 228 clinical isolates representing 10 genera of common pathogens. No difference was noted in the activities of these antimicrobial agents when assayed by a standard broth dilution technique against Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Salmonella, Citrobacter, enterococci, or Staphylococcus aureus. Sisomicin was significantly more active than tobramycin against Serratia and indole-positive Proteus strains. Sisomicin was significantly more active than gentamicin against indole-negative Proteus strains and slightly more active against indole-positive Proteus strains. Tobramycin was more active than sisomicin or gentamicin against Pseudomonas and indole-negative Proteus strains. Gram-negative bacilli resistant to one of the three antimicrobial agents were not necessarily resistant to either of the other two. Activity of sisomicin was independent of the susceptibility or resistance of these isolates to nine other antimicrobial agents as assayed by the Bauer-Kirby technique. The presence of 50% human serum did not antagonize the in vitro activity of sisomicin against gram-negative isolates. Because sisomicin showed certain advantages over gentamicin or tobramycin in vitro, further investigation of this new antimicrobial agent is warranted.
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No cross-resistance between gentamicin and tobramycin was found among 19 recent clinical isolates representing four genera of gram-negative bacilli.
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