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Biomedical subjects

C C Carpenter

Publications and source records attributed to C C Carpenter.

98 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1965

Clinical and physiological observations during an epidemic outbreak of non-vibrio cholera-like disease in Calcutta.

During March through June 1964, an epidemic of acute non-vibrio diarrhoeal disease, closely simulating cholera, occurred in Calcutta. To clarify the etiology and pathophysiology and improve the therapy of this illness, bacteriological and metabolic studies were performed on 145 consecutive hypotensive adult male patients admitted with acute diarrhoeal disease to the Calcutta Infectious Disease Hospital. Bacteriological and serological studies clearly demonstrated that the majority of patients with acute diarrhoeal disease admitted during this period of time were not suffering from V. cholerae infection; no known pathogen could be recovered from 86% of such patients. Biochemical studies indicated that, in contrast to the findings in cholera, factors other than saline depletion contributed to hypotension in many of the patients with non-vibrio diarrhoeal disease. Although the majority of the acute diarrhoeal patients responded well to the 2: 1 saline: lactate regimen which is consistently successful in treating adult cholera patients, six of the non-cholera patients required prolonged administration of vasopressor drugs as an adjunct to fluid and electrolyte repletion therapy.

Cholera↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HIV-positive women: reasons they are tested for HIV and their clinical characteristics on entry into the health care system.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe the reasons for the HIV testing of HIV-positive women and their clinical presentation and to make specific laboratory comparisons between women intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and non-IVDUs who were heterosexually infected (HTs). DESIGN: Consecutive case series. SETTING: Four primary care sites associated with the Brown University AIDS Program. PARTICIPANTS: 140 consecutive HIV-seropositive women. RESULTS: The most common reason for HIV testing in both groups was self-perception of risk. Presenting T-helper lymphocyte counts, leukocyte counts, and hematocrits did not differ significantly between the groups. Intravenous drug users were significantly more likely than HTs to have evidence of hepatitis B virus exposure (p less than 0.0001) and to report the history of a sexually transmitted disease (p = 0.005). Twenty percent of HTs versus 10% of IVDUs were tested only after they had HIV-related symptoms. The most frequent clinical presentation for both groups was Centers for Disease Control Group IV/A constitutional symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Many HIV-seropositive women do not enter the health care system until they are symptomatic, but those infected heterosexually and those using parenteral drugs have similar laboratory indices at presentation. AIDS education strategies toward all women at risk must include information about manifestations of HIV disease in women, as well as preventive measures, to ensure early access to the health care system.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in access to zidovudine (AZT) among symptomatic HIV-infected persons.

OBJECT: To evaluate socioeconomic factors that determine whether symptomatic HIV-infected persons are offered zidovudine (AZT). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey conducted as part of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's AIDS Health Services Program. SETTING: Public hospital clinics and community-based AIDS organizations in nine American cities. PATIENTS: 880 HIV-seropositive outpatients interviewed between October 1988 and May 1989. MAIN RESULTS: Males were more likely to have been offered AZT than were females (adjusted odds ratio 2.99; 95% confidence interval 1.67 to 5.36), those with insurance were more likely to have been offered AZT than were those without (adjusted odds ratio 2.00; 95% confidence interval 1.25 to 3.21), and whites more likely to have been offered AZT than were non-whites (adjusted odds ratio 1.73; 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 2.69). Intravenous drug users were less likely to have been offered AZT than were non-drug users (adjusted odds ratio 0.44; 95% confidence interval 0.28 to 0.69). Persons who had had an episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were more likely to have been offered AZT than were persons who had AIDS and had not had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio 2.95; 95% confidence interval 1.71 to 5.11). CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that traditionally disadvantaged groups have less access to AZT, the only antiretroviral agent demonstrated to increase survival of patients who have symptomatic HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗