Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Burns

Publications and source records attributed to C Burns.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A new assessment model and tool for pediatric nurse practitioners.

This article presents a comprehensive assessment model for pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP) practice that integrates familiar elements of the classical medical history, Gordon's Functional Health Patterns, and developmental fields into one system. This model drives the diagnostic reasoning process toward consideration of a broad range of disease, daily living (nursing diagnosis), and developmental diagnoses, which represents PNP practice better than the medical model does.

Forms and Records Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using a comprehensive taxonomy of diagnoses to describe the practice of pediatric nurse practitioners: findings of a field study.

The goal of this study was to develop and field test a classification of diagnoses for use by pediatric nurse practitioners. A secondary goal was to describe the clinical practice of pediatric nurse practitioners in a way using a classification that integrates medical, nursing, and developmental diagnoses. Six pediatric nurse practitioners were oriented to the system, established interrater reliability, and then used the system to record their diagnoses for 240 consecutive patients each. The pediatric nurse practitioners used more than 3000 diagnoses with 1450 cases. Their scope of practice included 1% developmental problems, 72% pediatric diseases, which included 51% illnesses and 21% disease prevention and screening, and 27% daily living problems. Pediatric nurse practitioner coders evaluated the system in positive terms. Issues related to the use of a taxonomy such as this one for practicing clinicians were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cooperative binding of Stat1-2 heterodimers and ISGF3 to tandem DNA elements.

Interferon (IFN)-alpha-activated Stat1 homodimers and Stat1-2 heterodimers bind to GAS elements, whereas the transcription factor ISGF3, which contains Stat1, Stat2 and p48, binds to ISREs. We now find that Stat1-2 dimers can form heterotetramers on tandem GAS sites and that the heterotetramers have a much higher binding affinity for a double GAS site than do heterodimers for a single site, suggesting cooperativity mediated through protein-protein interactions. Stat1-2 heterotetramers can also be detected with a single GAS site, again indicating cooperativity mediated through protein-protein interactions. Deleting 40 amino acid residues from the N-terminus of Stat1 abolished Stat1-Stat2 heterotetramer formation, but did not affect heterodimer formation and an N-terminal peptide containing the first 120 residues of Stat2 inhibited heterotetramer formation but did not affect heterodimer formation. Thus, the N-terminal regions of both Stat1 and Stat2 are important for cooperative DNA binding, and heterodimers probably interact with each other through these regions. Cooperative binding of ISGF3 was also observed using the tandem ISREs from the IFN-alpha responsive promoter of the 6-16 gene. A more abundant and larger complex was formed with a probe containing two ISREs than with a probe containing a single ISRE. The N-terminal regions of both Stat1 and Stat2 are important for the cooperative binding of ISGF3 to tandem ISREs but not to a single site. The cooperative DNA-binding activities of ISGF3 and Stat1-2 dimers are likely to contribute to the transcriptional activation of those IFN-alpha-responsive genes that have tandem DNA elements.

Cell Line↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managing the hair and skin of African American pediatric patients.

In Africa, the ancestral home of most African Americans, hair is viewed as the epitome of beauty. However, when Africans were brought to America as slaves, they were unable to care for their hair and skin adequately and were exposed to the predominant white culture, which valued straight hair and light skin. As a result, many African Americans lost self-esteem because of the characteristics of their hair and skin. In this article we examine the anatomic and physiologic features of African American hair and skin and typical African American hair and skin care practices. Common African American hair and skin disorders and their management are discussed. The goal of this article is to help primary care providers understand the special hair and skin care required for African American children (as well as other dark-skinned patients). With good patient education, understanding one's own hair and skin characteristics can also support positive self-esteem.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and content validity testing of a comprehensive classification of diagnoses for pediatric nurse practitioners.

Pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) need an integrated, comprehensive classification that includes nursing, disease, and developmental diagnoses to effectively describe their practice. No such classification exists. Further, methodologic studies to help evaluate the content validity of any nursing taxonomy are unavailable. A conceptual framework was derived. Then 178 diagnoses from the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) 1986 list, selected diagnoses from the International Classification of Diseases, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Third Revision, and others were selected. This framework identified and listed, with definitions, three domains of diagnoses: Developmental Problems, Diseases, and Daily Living Problems. The diagnoses were ranked using a 4-point scale (4 = highly related to 1 = not related) and were placed into the three domains. The rating scale was assigned by a panel of eight expert pediatric nurses. Diagnoses that were assigned to the Daily Living Problems domain were then sorted into the 11 Functional Health patterns described by Gordon (1987). Reliability was measured using proportions of agreement and Kappas. Content validity of the groups created was measured using indices of content validity and average congruency percentages. The experts used a new method to sort the diagnoses in a new way that decreased overlaps among the domains. The Developmental and Disease domains were judged reliable and valid. The Daily Living domain of nursing diagnoses showed marginally acceptable validity with acceptable reliability. Six Functional Health Patterns were judged reliable and valid, mixed results were determined for four categories, and the Coping/Stress Tolerance category was judged reliable but not valid using either test. There were considerable differences between the panel's, Gordon's (1987), and NANDA's clustering of NANDA diagnoses. This study defines the diagnostic practice of nurses from a holistic, patient-centered perspective. It is the first study to use quantitative methods to test a diagnostic classification system for nursing. The classification model could also be adapted for other nurse specialties.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New diagnosis: caregiver role strain.

Caregiver role strain is a new diagnosis accepted by NANDA in 1992. The diagnosis is a well-described family phenomenon that can be measured and predicted. Sources of variance for the various defining characteristics have been identified. The diagnosis is also important to society. Nurses can play a significant part in reducing the role strain caregivers feel or preventing its occurrence.

Caregivers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reducing children's pain-distress associated with injections using cold: a pilot study.

This study used an experimental design to test the question, "Does ice reduce the pain-distress children experience with injections?" One half of the 38 preschool children had ice applied to the preimmunization site for 30 seconds. The remaining children received the injection without the extra intervention. Measures included the Global Mood Scale, pulse rate, Oucher scale, and Faces scale. The results failed to show that ice reduces children's pain-distress with injections. Reasons for the failure are discussed, with comments on the various measures and suggestions for further study in this area of child nursing care.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of needs of high- and low-income families following paediatric traumatic brain injury.

This paper assesses the needs of high- and low-income caregivers shortly after the traumatic brain injury of their child. The Family Needs Questionnaire [1], developed to assess the priorities and satisfaction of needs among family members, was administered to 49 caregivers. Surprisingly, caregivers from both groups displayed similar patterns of priorities and rated their most important needs as met. Caregivers' most important needs included clear information, therapy input, and understanding from professionals and classroom teachers. Personal needs, family support, and future patient-related concerns were devalued by both groups. These results are discussed as having implications for identification of high-risk families, treatment goals, and community reintegration needs.

Adolescent↗