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Biomedical subjects

C Buchholz

Publications and source records attributed to C Buchholz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Drop outs from in-patient treatment of anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: Aim of the study was to identify patient characteristics that distinguish drop outs and completers from in-patient treatment for anorexia nervosa. METHOD: A total of 133 consecutively admitted in-patients with anorexia nervosa (age range 16-50 years; 92.5% women) were analysed using sociodemographic variables as well as measures of psychopathology (SCL-90-R, EDI-2) and interpersonal difficulties (IIP-C). Patients were treated in a multimodal treatment setting, combining cognitive-behavioural and psychodynamic components. RESULTS: Patients, who reported fewer symptoms, were hospitalized before and had a comorbid depression stayed more often in psychotherapy. Patients dropping out of treatment (31.6%) showed a trend to higher levels of maturity fears. Subtype, age, duration of illness, comorbid personality disorders or previous drop outs were not predictive of dropping out. CONCLUSION: Addressing the high ambivalence and maturity fears of anorexic patients should be an essential issue in psychotherapy with this patient group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa in a prospective 21-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Given our poor understanding of the very long-term course of anorexia nervosa. many questions remain regarding the potential for recovery and relapse. The purpose of the present study was to investigate long-term outcome and prognosis in an anorexic sample 21 years after the initial treatment. METHOD: A multidimensional and prospective design was used to assess outcome in 84 patients 9 years after a previous follow-up and 21 years after admission. Among the 70 living patients, the follow-up rate was 90%. Causes of death for the deceased patients were obtained through the attending physician. Predictors of a poor outcome at the 21-year follow-up were selected based on the results of a previous 12-year follow-up of these patients. RESULTS: Fifty-one per cent of the patients were found to be fully recovered at follow-up, 21% were partially recovered and 10% still met full diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa. Sixteen per cent were deceased, due to causes related to anorexia nervosa. The standardized mortality rate was 9.8. The three groups also showed significant differences in psychosocial outcome. A low body mass index and a greater severity of social and psychological problems were identified as predictors of a poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Recovery is still possible for anorexic patients after a period of 21 years. On the other hand, patients can relapse, becoming symptomatic again despite previously achieving recovery status. Only a few patients classified as having a poor outcome were found to seek any form of treatment, therefore, it is recommended that these patients should be monitored regularly and offered treatment whenever possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Antisense oligonucleotides discriminating between two muscular Na+ channel isoforms.

Various 15-mer antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (aODNs) were constructed against RNAs coding for two closely related isoforms of the voltage-dependent Na+ channel, i.e. those of human heart (hH1) and skeletal (hSkM1) muscle. When translated in vitro, either RNA yielded a 220 kDa band on polyacrylamide gels, indicating that the translation product had full length. Of six different aODN constructs developed against hH1 RNA, two each inhibited translation completely, moderately or not at all, depending on the target position. The specificity of the effect (no cross reaction at 10 microM) was confirmed by incubation with 15-mer aODNs against hSkM1 RNA. The most effective aODNs were those hybridizing between bases 3840 and 3880 of hSkM1 RNA and the homologous segment of hH1 RNA. When either of the RNAs was co-injected with its most effective (phospho rothioate-capped) aODN into Xenopus oocytes, the production of Na+ channels was strongly suppressed (relative INa for hSkM1: 0.08 +/- 0.05 times control, n = 14; for hH1: 0.11 +/- 0.08, n = 11). We conclude that aODNs are able to discriminate between closely related RNAs. The efficacy of an aODN depends strongly on its RNA target position.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Combined alpha-beta blockade (doxazosin plus metoprolol) compared with beta blockade alone in chronic congestive heart failure.

There has been growing evidence for the benefits of beta blockers, but alpha blockers have not shown sustained benefits in chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Thirty patients with moderate to severe CHF (New York Heart Association class II to IV) were sequentially assigned to receive metoprolol 6.25 mg with the alpha-1 antagonist doxazosin 4 mg/day or metoprolol alone. The dose of metoprolol was gradually increased to a target dose of 50 mg orally twice daily. Hemodynamic measurements were obtained before drug therapy, 2 hours after the first dose of combined alpha-beta therapy or metoprolol alone, and after 3 months of continuous treatment. Nuclear ejection fraction, plasma norepinephrine, and submaximal and maximal exercise capacity were also measured before and after chronic therapy. With initial combined drug administration, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular filling pressure, and systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly compared with results after metoprolol alone. However, after 3 months of continuous therapy, both treatment groups showed similar and significant reductions in systemic vascular resistance and heart rate, with significant increases in cardiac index, stroke volume index, stroke work index, ejection fraction, and exercise capacity. Furthermore, the next dose of chronic combined medication no longer showed vasodilating effects. Chronic therapy with fixed-dose doxazosin and increasing doses of metoprolol produced identical effects as those seen in patients receiving metoprolol alone.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1994

The gastrointestinal tract of the rock hyrax (Procavia habessinica). 1. Morphology and motility patterns of the tract.

The stomach of the rock hyrax (Procavia habessinica) is divided into a non glandular part with very slow movements, and a glandular part which rapidly mix the digesta. The large intestine has two fermentation chambers, the caecum, which rapidly mixes the digesta, and the colonic sac, which efficiently, but slowly, mixes digesta. Between these chambers runs the connecting colon. No retrograde transport is observed in any part of the large intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Visualization of neuropeptide-binding sites on individual telencephalic neurons of the rat.

The identification of high-affinity binding sites for neuropeptides on individual target cells is a prerequisite when studying the sites of action and the manner in which peptides act as neuromediators. In situ and in vitro, this can be achieved using newly synthesized, biologically active conjugates of somatostatin or cholecystokinin (sulphated octapeptide) with colloidal gold. Labelled neurons show a peptide-specific, non-overlapping distribution in rat telencephalic structures; i.e, whereas the somatostatin-gold conjugate labels binding sites on neurons and glial cells, cholecystokinin-binding sites are restricted to neurons. Binding of either gold-labelled ligand can be competitively suppressed by excess amounts of the native peptide or its analogues. Neuronal somatostatin-binding sites are visualized on neurons in lamina III and, in particular, in lamina V/VI of the primary somatosensory cortex and in the magnocellular nucleus of the telencephalic cholinergic system. Cholecystokinin-binding sites are localized in the main olfactory bulb, on neurons in the cortical "hindlimb" and "forelimb" region, in the hippocampus, and in the cingulate and visual cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The hypervariable C-terminal tail of the Sendai paramyxovirus nucleocapsid protein is required for template function but not for RNA encapsidation.

The paramyxovirus nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) are relatively well conserved, except for the C-terminal 20% (or ca. 100 amino acids), referred to as the tail. We have examined whether this hypervariable tail is required for genome synthesis, both in vitro, where synthesis is predominantly from the input templates, and in vivo, where multiple rounds of amplification occur. In these viruses, genome synthesis and assembly of the nascent chain are coupled. We find that the tail is required in vivo but not in vitro. Closer examination of the in vivo system showed that the tailless NP could encapsidate the genome chain but that amplification did not occur. We interpret these results as indicating that the tail is not required for RNA assembly but is required for the template to function in RNA synthesis. Relatively small deletions within the conserved N-terminal 80% of the protein, on the other hand, rendered the protein nonfunctional in either system. The possible functions of the tail in RNA synthesis are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Somatostatin binding sites on rat diencephalic astrocytes. Light-microscopic study in vitro and in vivo.

Using a somatostatin-gold conjugate of known biological activity, high affinity binding sites for this neuropeptide were visualized at cellular resolution on cultured diencephalic astrocytes and on frozen sections of the rat diencephalon. Binding could be completely suppressed in competition experiments with surplus unlabeled somatostatin. On sections, the ligand was displaced from its binding sites by 10 microM guanosine triphosphate indicating a functional significance of the labeled structures. As with the native peptide, a surplus of the analog SMS 201-995 suppressed nearly all staining. The ligand was bound to distinct populations of astrocytes, namely to those in subependymal and perivascular positions, to astrocytes in somatostatin-innervated hypothalamic nuclei in the mid-sagittal plane and to borderline regions of circumventricular organs. A general mismatch between the distribution of somatostatin-immunoreactive terminals and the pattern of binding of the ligand does not exist. This, together with the competition experiments, suggests a functional relationship between the somatostatin-releasing neurons and associated astrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Somatostatin-binding sites on rat telencephalic astrocytes. Light- and electron-microscopic studies in vitro and in vivo.

Using a somatostatin-gold conjugate as ligand, high-affinity binding sites for this neuropeptide were demonstrated at three levels: (i) cultured astrocytes from rat cortex, (ii) hippocampal slice cultures, and (iii) frozen tissue sections of rat telencephalon. The conjugate proved as active as the native peptide in competing for the binding sites. Light-microscopic visualization of bound ligand was achieved by silver intensification of the colloidal gold. This method is faster and yields superior resolution compared with autoradiography. Cultured astrocytes from cortex and hippocampus could be labeled by the ligand. At the light- and electron-microscopic level, astrocytes could be double-labeled by the somatostatin-gold conjugate and immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In hippocampal slice cultures, the conjugate did not penetrate into the neuropil because of a covering glial layer. However, a portion of this completely GFAP-positive covering glia reacted with the somatostatin ligand. In frozen brain sections, apart from delicate punctate structures, two types of labeled glia cells were seen: single stellate astrocytes and perivascular glia cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Genes for ribosomal proteins are retained on the 73 kb DNA from Astasia longa that resembles Euglena chloroplast DNA.

The nucleotide sequence of a 6.7 kb segment of the circular 73 kb DNA from Astasia longa has been determined. We identified genes for a tRNA-Ile (CAU), a tRNA-Phe (GAA), a tRNA-Cys (GCA) and the ribosomal proteins CS8, CL36, CS14 and CS2, that are normally encoded by plastid genomes. In addition, a gene for the chloroplast ribosomal protein CL5 was found that is not encoded by the plastome in either higher plants or a liverwort, but has recently been identified in Euglena chloroplast DNA. Transcripts of these protein genes, and of an unidentified open reading frame (ORF50), were detected. These results support our previous suggestion that the 73 kb DNA from Astasia is a truncated form of plastid DNA. The 73 kb DNA resembles the chloroplast DNA of Euglena gracilis but contains, almost exclusively, genes for a plastid-type translational (and presumably transcriptional) apparatus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Genes for the plastid elongation factor Tu and ribosomal protein S7 and six tRNA genes on the 73 kb DNA from Astasia longa that resembles the chloroplast DNA of Euglena.

The nucleotide sequence of a 6156 bp segment of the circular 73 kb DNA from Astasia longa resembling the chloroplast DNA of Euglena was determined. The genes for the plastid elongation factor Tu (tufA) and the ribosomal protein S7 (rps7), six tRNA genes (trnQ, trnS, trnG, trnM, trnT, trnR), and three open reading frames were identified. These genes show a high degree of sequence similarity (73%-99%) to the corresponding genes on the Euglena chloroplast genome. The tufA gene contains two small AT-rich introns within its coding region. Northern analysis revealed the in vivo transcription of the tufA gene and of a reading frame of 456 codons into monocistronic mRNAs of 1.3 and 1.4 kb, respectively. The arrangement and organization of the genes on the 73 kb DNA of the colourless heterotrophic flagellate Astasia and the chloroplast DNA of autotrophic Euglena are compared.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Binding and internalization of gold-conjugated somatostatin and growth hormone-releasing hormone in cultured rat somatotropes.

The synthetic peptides somatostatin (SRIF) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRH) were coupled directly to colloidal gold of different particle sizes. Both conjugates were biologically active in displacing the corresponding radiolabeled hormones from high affinity binding sites in pituitary membranes. Release of growth hormone (GH) from cultured anterior pituitary cells was modulated by both conjugates alone or in combination. Ultrastructural studies were performed with cells incubated at 4 degrees C (2 h) and 37 degrees C (2 min-2 h) with one of the labeled peptides or their combination. Somatotropes were identified by immunostaining with anti-rGH followed by protein A-ferritin, thus obtaining a triple labeling. Both hormone conjugates were internalized in different vesicles in the beginning but accumulated during longer incubation times in the same compartment. The secretory vesicles and the nucleus were not labeled by any hormone conjugate. In contrast to SRIF-gold, the uptake of GRH-gold conjugate decreased with longer incubation times. This effect could be neutralized by simultaneous incubation of the somatotropes with both regulating hormones. Hence, whereas the binding and internalization of SRIF by somatotropes do not seem to be influenced by GRH, the corresponding processes for GRH are stimulated by the presence of SRIF.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The ultrastructural basis of steroid production in the Y-organ and the mandibular organ of the crabs Hemigrapsus nudus (Dana) and Carcinus maenas L.

The ultrastructure of the steroid producing Y-organ and the mandibular organ of the crustaceans Hemigrapsus nudus and Carcinus maenas has been studied with reference to the well investigated steroid secreting cells (SSC) of mammals. In accordance with the most important characteristic of mammalian SSC, abundant SER could be shown in the Y-organ, where it is unevenly distributed. The amount of SER seems to vary in correlation with the secretion of moulting hormone during the moult cycle. Most Y-organ cells contain a great number of mitochondria of the tubular type, another important characteristic of mammalian SSC. The ultrastructure of the mandibular organ of C. maenas differs considerably from that of the Y-organ. Some SER was found, mitochondria of unusual shape and size were conspicuous. No definite conclusion as to the function of the mandibular organ is yet to be drawn.

Animals↗