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Biomedical subjects

C Brunet

Publications and source records attributed to C Brunet.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effects of H1-antihistamine drug regimen on histamine release by nonlesional skin mast cells of patients with chronic urticaria.

Profiles of compound 48/80-induced histamine release (HR) from mast cells of uninvolved skin from patients with chronic urticaria (CU) and from a normal control (NC) group were compared, and the effects of anti-H1 medications were assessed versus placebo. Then, patients with CU (15) and NC subjects (10) were randomly assigned to take either hydroxyzine (100 mg/day), terfenadine (120 mg/day), or placebo for 28 days. The effects of such treatment on the clinical response and on the profile of compound 48/80-induced HR during a 4-hour period were analyzed. Treatment with hydroxyzine in patients with CU improved the clinical symptoms and modified the profile of HR; more histamine was recovered at 1 hour (p less than 0.05) and 2 hours (p less than 0.05), as compared with baseline. Terfenadine and placebo had no effect on the clinical response or on the profiles of HR. In the NC group, the amounts of histamine recovered at 1 hour after challenge with compound 48/80 were lower than amounts of the pretherapy values (p less than 0.01). It could be concluded that (1) the profile of HR in patients with CU is reproducible during a period of 28 days, (2) only hydroxyzine modifies both the clinical response and the profile of HR, and (3) anti-H1 compounds decrease the HR in the NC group.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Anatomic basis of the harvest of abdominal organs for organ transplants].

The abdominal organs removals, with a view to transplants, are complex surgical operations which require a perfect knowledge of visceral vascular anatomy. The common point of these removals is the "birenal en bloc excision", whose we have codified the development. This removal has induced us to revise many points of surgical anatomy and particulary: the connections between the liver and the right kidney; the importance of the mesoduodenum; the relative orientations of the portal vein and inferior vena cava axis; the ureteral vascularisation; the topography and the number of renal arteries; the connections between renal arteries orifices and superior mesenteric arterial orifice. When we have to remove, besides the kidneys, the liver or the pancreas or even the small intestine, surgical problems are the same, but then, the dissections concern also the celiac axis and the superior mesenteric artery. These multiple removals raise also many questions to the anatomist, the most interesting concerning: the multiple hepatic arteries; the connections between celiac branches of the abdominal aorta. All these notions are envisaged not only by the light of the anatomical preparations but also by reference to the clinical experience of the authors.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

[Segmental anatomy of the right liver in situ in the abdominal cavity. Value of international nomenclature].

The segmental anatomy of the liver in situ in the abdominal cavity has been studied in five corpses after portal opacification. The location of the segments of the liver in situ is different from that described in the classical anatomy handbooks, and the nomenclature used in France proves to be ambiguous. The international nomenclature seems to be better adapted to the radioanatomical reality.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Analysis of compound 48/80-induced skin histamine release and leukotriene production in chronic urticaria.

Profiles of histamine release by nonlesional skin mast cells from patients with chronic urticaria (CU) and normal control (NC) subjects were compared on stimulation with a wide range of concentrations of compound 48/80 (0.15 to 4.8 mg/ml). One previous observation demonstrating spontaneous and 48/80-induced release of histamine greater in patients with CU than in NC subjects was confirmed with a concentration of 48/80 believed to produce mast cell activation in most subjects (2.4 mg/ml). In fact, higher concentrations of histamine were released by patients with CU than by NC subjects on stimulation with 48/80 at concentration greater than 0.6 mg/ml. With 0.6 mg/ml of 48/80, the profiles of histamine release were comparable in the two groups, and for concentration less than 0.6 mg/ml, the profiles of release were completely different, being higher in NC subjects than in the group with CU. The peak histamine response was higher in the group of NC subjects (6500 pg/ml) than in the group with CU (5100 pg/ml), and the concentration of 48/80 needed to trigger maximum release was lower in the NC subjects than in the subjects with CU (0.15 versus 0.6 mg/ml). The production of leukotriene B4 and leukotriene C4 was also compared in these two groups after stimulation with 2.4 mg/ml of compound 48/80. No significant amount of leukotriene B4 was found in the collection chambers, but small amounts of leukotriene C4 were measured into skin chamber fluids during a period of 4 hours. No significant difference could then be observed between the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Origin of abnormality in a human simelian foetus as elucidated by our knowledge of vertebrate development.

In this paper we attempt to explain the abnormality of a simelian foetus with reference to our present knowledge of vertebrate development. The various developmental defects seem to have a single common origin: the speeding-up of the progression of cell differentiation in the notochord anlage--which is the organization centre of the embryo--during the regression of the Hensen's node. Cell activity involved in the morphogenetic movements in the chordamesoderm probably stopped before it should have. The elongation of the notochord anlage was not completed, resulting in the defective development of the posterior part of the foetus. A number of pairs of posterior trunk somites were not induced. Consequently (1) the pelvic limb buds, whose posterior parts were missing, fused, bringing in further developmental deviations in the limb skeleton and abdominal muscles; (2) there are no vertebrae between the first sacral vertebra and the misshaped coccyx formed by the tail bud. The derivatives of the posterior endoderm (hindgut, bladder and ureters) were not induced either. The cauda equina is deficient. The absence of functional kidneys and the presence of embryonic urinary tubules in the pelvic cysts which are wrapped up by gut epithelium suggest the induction of the metanephric mesenchyme by ectopic endoderm. The speeding-up of differentiation in the notochord anlage also probably resulted in the excessive extension of its anterior region which is the organizer of brain structures. This explains the overdevelopment of the nose and of the neurocranium, and the low position of the ear. A gene mutation as well as a mechanical stress are the possible causes of the abnormal behaviour of the notochord anlage.

Ectromelia↗
PubMed1987

Anatomic basis of the transgluteal approach to the hip.

In order to define the technical modalities of the so-called transgluteal approach to the hip, the authors studied the structure and topography of the anatomic features encountered in this approach. The gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and vastus lateralis muscles are anatomically continuous by way of their tendinous fibers. The gluteus minimus muscle winds over the cranial and then anterolateral aspect of the capsule, to which it is bound by fibrous tracts and tendinous expansions; its terminal tendon blends its fibers with the anterior part of the tendon of the gluteus medius and enters into continuity with the superficial tendinous fibers of the anterior part of the vastus lateralis. The zone of junction of the three muscle structures is closely bound to the anterior aspect of greater trochanter. The caudal neurovascular trunk of the space between the gluteus medius and vastus lateralis is situated at a distance of 3 to 5 cm from the greater trochanter. The practical surgical implications are discussed, particularly as regards the methods of dissecting the anterior margin of the transgluteal incision, exposure of the capsule and preservation of the neurovascular pedicle, with reference to concepts published previously in studies elsewhere.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1987

Macroscopic study of the adult thymus.

The dissection of 48 cadaveric specimens has been compared with operative findings for a review of the shape, size and site of this gland in the adult. The structure of the thymic compartment and the relations of the thymus, particularly with the vessels of the superior mediastinum and the base of the neck, were studied. The relative positions of the inferior parathyroid glands and the thymus were identified, with respect to the influence of this topography on the surgery of these glands. The arterial suply to the thymus, which is still very abundant in the adult, presupposes a functional organ whose physiologic involution is slow.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Hepatic rupture. Wrapping with absorbable mesh].

Considerable progress in conservative surgery of the spleen and kidney has been achieved in recent years by wrapping the organ in absorbable mesh. Following an experimental study, this technique has been used in 5 cases of rupture of the liver. Each injured lobe can be wrapped in an absorbable prosthetic sheet which is sutured in such a way as to form a purse applied onto the tissue, to control bleeding and bile leakage. The purse is then sutured to the falciform ligament detached from the diaphragm. Under drainage and provided the liver is watched for cavitation by scanning methods, this technique is simple and consistently effective. It avoids sutures, which are imperfect, and resections, which are fraught with dangers when performed in an emergency.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Increased compound 48/80 induced local histamine release from nonlesional skin of patients with chronic urticaria.

Histamine released from skin mast cells in normal skin sites of patients with idiopathic chronic urticaria (CU) and normal volunteers was assessed with the skin chamber technique. Small amounts of histamine were spontaneously and continuously released during the 4-hour observation in both groups but were twofold greater in patients with CU. In addition, histamine levels were significantly more elevated in sites challenged with compound 48/80 than in unstimulated sites. Patients with CU differed from normal volunteers in that histamine release induced by 48/80 compound was significantly greater at 1 and 2 hours after challenge. The number of mast cells and the histamine content of the skin did not differ in the two groups. These observations could suggest a functional defect at the mast cell level rather than a difference in their numbers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[7-Chloro(phenylthio)-4-phenylaminoquinolines. Study of its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity].

Some 7-chloro(phenylthio)-4-phenylaminoquinolines substituted in the benzene rings were prepared and subject to the Winter test for potential antiinflammatory activity and the acetic acid test for analgesic activity. Derivative (I) was devoid of antiinflammatory properties but showed interesting analgesic activity although this was 30 times weaker than that of indomethacin used as reference substance. The DL50/DE50 ratio is greater than 16 for derivative (I) and 3 for indomethacin. The other compounds had no or only slight activity.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed1986

Chemical and pharmacological studies of 2-(amino-methyl)acrylophenones.

The structure-activity relationships of nine products of the acrylophenone family have been studied. In a previous report 2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylmethyl)acrylophenone was shown to be an antimicrotubular drug. The effects of these drugs on the bovine brain tubulin polymerization were determined by a turbidimetric assay. The median inhibitory concentrations (ID50) ranged from 1.5 X 10(-5) to 5 X 10(-5) mol/l. Their action on the inhibition of 3H-colchicine binding to tubulin was determined by DEAE (diethylaminoethyl)cellulose filter assay. These compounds are weak inhibitors of colchicine binding. Pharmacological studies of these drugs revealed a strong inhibition of the human ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Moreover, they markedly decreased the serum cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids levels of rats after injection of Triton WR 1339 (4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol polymer with formaldehyde and oxirane). They inhibited Candida albicans, Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus versicolor growth. Thus, these nine compounds possess interesting pharmacological properties which are very likely to be related to the acrylic moiety of the molecules.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1985

Clinical pharmacokinetics of 6-hour infusion of high-dose methotrexate. Preliminary trial of monitoring high infusion doses.

Methotrexate (MTX) in serum was measured by RIA in 12 cancer patients receiving high doses of MTX (2 to 8 g/m2) in 6 hour infusions 69 treatments were studied. The peak serum level was proportional to the dose administered and was always greater than 10(-4) M. 2 elimination phases were seen: the first had a mean half-life of 2.36 h and the second a mean half-life of 16.14 h. 24 hours after beginning the infusions there were very large variations in individual serum concentrations of MTX, from 2.4 10(-6) M to 1.9 10(-5) M by 24 h after 8 g/m2. To control these variations, a mathematical model for prediction of the individual pharmacokinetic pattern of a 6 hour-infusion of high-dose MTX by kinetic analysis of a low-test dose is proposed. A program was created for an Apple III computer using toxic and therapeutic serum levels of MTX selected by the clinician. The computer program is adaptable to any infused substance for variable infusion times, thus introducing new advances over existing methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Acute fatal hepatorenal failure during treatment with mithramycin].

A case of fatal hepato-renal failure occurring during mithramycin treatment is reported. A 64 year-old female patient was admitted to hospital in a state of acute renal failure. She also presented with hypercalcaemia and bilateral pulmonary metastases. She had been operated on 10 years previously of a parathyroid cancer. Despite treatment with mithramycin (total dose 8.25 mg) and haemodialysis, the hypercalcaemia returned; it was then decided to remove the secretory lung metastases (parathormone 420 micrograms X ml-1). 48 hours before surgery, the patient was again given 1.25 mg mithramycin. Immediately after surgery, she developed hepatic failure with massive cell destruction and anuria. The patient died 48 h after the operation. The hepatic and renal complications of mithramycin are discussed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1985

Effect of diabetogenic action of streptozotocin on rat serum lipoproteins.

After studying the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin in rats on adipose tissue cellularity, the authors attempted to demonstrate the influence of streptozotocin on cholesterol and phospholipid composition of the different serum lipoproteins. Intravenous injection of that antibiotic induced in rats a diabetes which appears at the latest on about the third day and finally remains at a fixed value at about the second week. All very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) are increased, which is not surprising since diabetes induces a hypertriglyceridemia and VLDL are triglyceride carriers. On the other hand, high density lipoproteins (HDL) are decreased, so that we can ask the question: Is HDL decrease due to diabetes or as a result of hypertriglyceridemia?

Animals↗