Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Brambilla

Publications and source records attributed to C Brambilla.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Comparative pathology of silicate pneumoconiosis.

A simple pneumoconiosis with lamellar birefringent crystals was observed in animals dying in the San Diego Zoo. We studied 100 autopsies from 11 mammalian and eight avian species. In mammals, mild pulmonary lesions comprised crystal-laden macrophages in alveoli and lymphatics. Interstitial fibrosis was present in 20% of cases. There were no nodules. In birds, dust retention produced large granulomas around tertiary bronchi without fibrosis. Mineralogic analysis using scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed most of the crystals to be silicates. Ninety percent were complex silicates, with aluminum-potassium silicates comprising 70% of the analyzed particles. Electron and x-ray diffraction showed the silicates to be muscovite mica and its hydrothermal degradation product, ie, illite clay. This mica was also present on filtration membranes of atmospheric air samples obtained from the San Diego Zoo. The amount of dust retention was related to the animal's age, anatomic or ecologic variances, and length of stay in the San Diego Zoo. Its semidesert atmosphere is rich in silicates, which are inhaled and deposited in the lungs. Similar mica-induced lesions are found in humans living in this region or the Southwest of the USA. This simple pneumoconiosis is likely to be widespread in human populations living in desert or semidesert climates.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Controlled study with BCNU vs. CCNU as adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery plus radiotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme.

From September, 1972 to December, 1976, 102 consecutive patients operated on for glioblastoma multiforme were randomized, after total or subtotal tumor resection, to receive irradiation alone, irradiation plus BCNU or irradiation plus CCNU. BCNU and CCNU adjuvant chemotherapy was repeated every 6--8 weeks as long as the patients remained in complete remission. Patients were comparable for median age, type of surgery, and histological grade III and IV. Radiotherapy was administered at the tumor dose of about 5000 rads in all three groups. The percent of optimal dose administered was 96% for BCNU and 93% for CCNU. In the group treated with radiotherapy alone (32 cases) the median survival was 10.5 months, while in the groups treated with BCNU (34 cases) and CCNU (36 cases) the median survival was 12 and 16 months, respectively. Both relapse-free (P = 0.05) and total survival (P = 0.03) were significantly improved only in patients who were treated with radiotherapy plus CCNU compared to patients receiving radiotherapy alone after surgery. Present results show that in resectable glioblastoma multiforme, a slightly improved survival rate can be achieved by the prolonged use of adjuvant CCNU following maximal surgical resection and radiotherapy. The cure rate was not improved.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

[Bronchiolo alveolar carcinoma. 9 cases (author's transl)].

The authors try to define the criteria for the diagnosis of this unusual variety of bronchio pulmonary adenocarcinoma. They studied only 9 patients, 8 of whom had surgery which allowed to make a correlation between X-ray and morphological findings. The pathologist encountered the usual problems in the diagnosis of a primitive tumor since some metastasis have the same macroscopic and microscopic aspect. The relation between the radiographic image and the anatomical findings is emphasised. From a symptomatic and radiological point of view, the most frequent distinction was between the opaque round intra-pulmonary image and the chronic alveolar opacity. Other radiological types occurrence less frequently, such as the nodular or the hollowed type. The authors emphasize the pronostic importance of distinguishing the localized form, with a generally good prognosis following surgery, form the diffused form, which have a very poor prognosis. Even under the best of conditions, a radiological study must be supported by both surgery and pathology to be sure that the tumor in question is, in fact, strictly localized. The histogenesis of bronchio-alveolar carcinoma is briefly discussed in a study of histology and pathology.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Sequential combination chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer.

The results of a prospective controlled study with alternating cycles of two effective non-cross resistant combinations in advanced breast cancer are reported. The two combinations consisted of adriamycin plus vincristine (AV) and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF). The study was carried out with the main intent to obtain a higher incidence and a longer duration of response compared to that obtained with either combination alone. A total of 110 evaluable patients (55 for each treatment group) not previously treated with chemotherapy were randomly allocated to receive either Therapy A (2 AV followed by 2 CMF) or Therapy B (2 CMF followed by 2 AV). Complete plus partial response (53% vs 60%) as well as duration of remission (11 vs 12 months) were similar in both treatment groups. At the time of present analysis, 20 patients died from cancer (Therapy A: 9; Therapy B: 11) and in 9 of them death occurred during the first 12 months. The administration of sequential combinations was no more toxic than the administration of either combination alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Cytological survey of bronchial brushings and aspirations performed during fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

In this series of 342 cases of bronchial carcinoma diagnosed by fiberoptic cytology (brushing and aspiration), comparison with the endoscopic findings gave the following results:--As regards primary carcinomas, 91 per cent of the cases in which the tumour was visible had a positive cytology when brushing was used and 84 per cent with aspiration. 79 per cent of the cases with no visible tumour but with suspicious changes of the bronchial wall had a positive cytology with brushing and 71 per cent with aspiration. When no abnormality could be seen by fiberoptics, positive cytologies dropped to 47 per cent and 50 per cent respectively.--In case of metastatic carcinoma the results are not as good. However, brushings gave 87 per cent positivity when the tumour was visible with the fibroscope and aspiration 75 per cent. Such cases are rather unfrequent unfortunately. Suspicious lesions at the fibroscope examination yielded respectively 68 and 64 per cent positivity. While in cases with no abnormality seen with the fibroscope brushings gave a 29 per cent positivity and aspirations a 25 per cent. No false positives were made. Correlation with histology and comparison with sputum cytology will be commented upon.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1978

[Congenital tracheobiliary fistula. Report of a case with choledocal hypoplasia (author's transl)].

The authors describe a new observation of a congenital aerobiliar fistula in a newborn infant showing choleptysies associated with a pulmonary obstruction. The most remarkable facts are the presence of a radiological pneumogallbladder, and the existence of a real trifurcation of the trachea on the bronchography, associated with a choledocal hypoplasia. The death having occured before the operation, the autopsy allowed the confirmation of the termination on the left hepatical duct and the duality of conformation of the fistula, respiratory and biliary. On the occurence of this 9th case, a review of the literature shows the stereotyped nature of the clinical signs and the course of the fistula which seems invariable. The different aspects of the malformation are considered as well as the treatment which necessitates an exeresis by thoracic pathway.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1976

Response and survival in advanced breast cancer after two non-cross-resistant combinations.

A prospective study with two cytotoxic combinations (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF), and adriamycin plus vincristine (AV)) was carried out in 110 patients with advanced breast cancer. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups in the response rate after primary treatment, the median duration of response, and the median survival. In both groups responders survived for longer than non-responders. Secondary treatment after crossover for progression or relapse resulted in response rates of 35% for AV and 20% for CMF. Toxicity was mainly represented by reversible haemosuppression. These results are comparable with those obtained with other multiple-drug regimens, and combination chemotherapy alone seems to have reached a plateau in its capacity to control disseminated breast cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1976

Combination chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer.

Prolonged cyclic combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil was evaluated as adjuvant treatment to radical mastectomy in primary breast cancer with positive axillary lymph nodes. After 27 months of study, treatment occurred in 24 per cent of 179 control patients and in 5.3 per cent of 207 women given combination chemotherapy (P less than 10(-6)), the advantage appearing statistically significant in all subgroups of patients. Patients with four or more positive axillary nodes had a higher per cent of relapses than those with fewer nodes. The initial new clinical manifestations occurred in distant sites in 81.5 per cent of relapsed patients. Long-term chemotherapy produced an acceptable toxicity, thus allowing the administration of a high percentage of drug dosage. These results should be considered with caution, since, at present, the effect of this therapy on survival and possible long-term side effects remain unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Aspiration-drainage of an emphysematous bulla in a patient with severe respiratory insufficiency].

The authors report the case of a patient with severe alveolar hypoventilation, with a large emphysematous bulla in the upper part of the right pulmonary field. The drainage aspiration of the bulla as a life saving technique greatly improved the respiratory function. Blood gases reverted to normal and the bullae disappeared. Literature reviewing. Discussion of radiological and functional criteria of compressing the pulmonary parenchyma around the bulla.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Adriamycin plus vincristine compared to and combined with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil for advanced breast cancer.

The preliminary results of a controlled study with two independent combinations in metastatic breast cancer are reported. The first combination (Therapy A: 41 patients) consisted of Adriamycin (ADM) and vincristine (VCR), while the second combination (Therapy B: 41 patients) included cyclophosphamide (CTX), methotrexate (MTX), and 5-fluorouracil (FU), designated "CMF." Both treatments were administered as intermittent cycles in patients previously untreated with chemotherapy. After eight cycles, responsive patients on Therapy A were crossed over to Therapy B to avoid the risk of cardiomyopathy. In both groups, crossover was carried out at the time of progression or relapse. In the group given ADM plus VCR, the dominant site of disease was in soft tissues in 56%, in viscera in 22%, and in bones in 22%. These findings were present in 51%, 24%, and 24%, respectively in the group started on CMF. The comparison of response after primary treatment in patients receiving a minimum of two cycles failed to show a significant difference between Therapy A and Therapy B (overall response 58% vs. 65%). When the response rate was calculated only in patients who had completed the first eight cycles of therapy, these findings were 87% and 93%, respectively. Three patients receiving treatment A (8%) AND 4 patients given Treatment B (10%) achieved complete remission. The highest incidence of response was observed for soft tissue lesions (70% vs. 76%). However, complete or partial bone recalcification was seen in 33% and 24%, respectively. The duration of response was found to be longer in patients who crossed over to CMF after eight cycles of ADM plus VCR, as compared to those started and continued on CMF. No cross-resistance was observed after crossover for progressive disease. Both incidence and degree of side effects were found acceptable, and no drug-related death was seen. Virtually all patients were treated on an outpatient basis.

Antineoplastic Agents↗