Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Boglino

Publications and source records attributed to C Boglino.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Neurotensin localization in adenomatoid cystic malformation versus normal lung: preliminary report of six consecutive cases.

Neuropeptides are considered a new class of neurotransmitters, several of which interact with the immune system as well as the macrophagic activity. Among these, neurotensin (NT) enhances the phagocitic response of macrophages and is the only neuropeptide that can enhance the cytolytic effects of activated macrophages. In this way, it may play a role as an inflammatory mediator. In order to investigate the possible relationship between NT and the defence mechanisms of the lung, we started to localize the presence of NT in pulmonary adenomatoid cystic malformation (CCAM). This series consists of 6 children affected by CCAM. In every case, at operation, we obtained specimens of both normal and pathological lung. Tissue sections from the pathological lung showed a significant increase of NT-like immunoreactivity in respect to sections of normal lung. NT influences and activates the macrophages, thus suggesting that it could represent a defence mechanism in children's lung activated in some malformative conditions. Finally, the increasing evidence of NT immunoreactivity in CCAM could explicate an in utero infectious pathogenesis of this malformation.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[Antibiotic prophylaxis with ceftazidime in pediatric surgery].

The authors report their experience with Ceftazidime in surgical prophylaxis in childhood. 50 patients have been treated, suffering from surgical diseases, with 100 mg/kg of Ceftazidime in 3 doses (1 before, 1 after 6 hrs and 1 after 12 hrs from surgery). No side effects were observed and in no case was it necessary to discontinue treatment. Both bacterial and clinical results indicate good tolerability and very rapid effectiveness of the drug. Complications were present in 3 cases (6%) (in 2 cases wound infiltration and in 1 case a Douglas abscess) but no modification in treatment was necessary. All complications were present in so-called "dirty surgery" with a relative percentage of 18.7, that is far below values reported in the literature for this kind of surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Interstitial pulmonary emphysema. Combined therapeutic approach in a retrospective multidisciplinary study].

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) may occur spontaneously, as a complication of endotracheal tube displacement, intrauterine viral pneumonia or massive aspiration of formula. Nevertheless PIE occurs more frequently in neonates requiring mechanical ventilation for RDS. Untoward effects of large air collections in the extra-alveolar spaces are based on decreased perfusion and ventilation of the affected lung tissues, compression of adjacent pulmonary parenchyma and mediastinum, possible air embolism. Sometimes PIE spontaneously regress, but in some instances the process is self perpetuating, leading to an "air block syndrome". Fourteen (19.4%) of 72 infants ventilated for RDS in a three-year period had radiological evidence of PIE during the first few days of life. All 5 bilateral, 7 diffuse and 2 localized cases were treated with "vigorous pulmonary therapy". In addition to these procedures, 4 neonates were submitted to a selective bronchial intubation (SBI) and 5 different infants improved after HFV. No one of our patients underwent a surgical procedure. Infants with fine linear hyperlucencies improved sooner. All pneumothoraces (7 of 14) were preceded by X-ray appearances of PIE. Three neonates died. Mortality was observed in newborns with bilateral PIE, because of an intraventricular hemorrhage in two and an intractable under tension pneumothorax in one patient. Plain chest roentgenograms, histological pictures and treatment modalities of PIE remain separated from these considered for congenital lobar emphysema, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, bronchogenic cyst or lung sequestration. Surgical treatment of PIE is not as universally accepted as in congenital cystic lesions of the lung, in which it's mandatory.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1990

[Experience in the prophylactic use of ceftriaxone in pediatric surgery].

Authors report on their experience about ceftriaxone in surgical prophylaxis in childhood. 30 patients have been treated, suffering from surgical diseases, either thoracic or abdominal ones, including malignancies. Ceftriaxone was administered once a day; patients received ceftriaxone only once preoperatively: Results have been very satisfactory, the only two complications having been found in two severely immunocompromised patients.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of sodium piperacillin in the treatment of surgical infections in children].

A clinical trial has been carried out in 40 children (age ranging from 2 to 12 years) with postsurgical infections caused by aerobic, anaerobic and facultative bacteria. All have been treated by monotherapy with sodium piperacillin, with doses of 150-200 mg/kg daily in 3 administrations. The drug was administered for a mean period of 7 days, by intravenous infusion or intramuscular route. The causative organism was eradicated in all but 4 cases (90%). Side effects observed were all of mild intensity, and in no case it was necessary to discontinue the treatment with the drug. Both bacterial and clinical results indicate a high tolerability and a very rapid effectiveness of this antibiotic.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Soft tissue sarcoma in childhood: local treatment in patients under 3 years of age. Analysis of the RMS-88 multicenter study].

The purpose of this report is to describe the treatment and the outcome of patients affected by soft tissue sarcomas and enrolled in the Italian Cooperative Study RMS 88, whose age was less than 36 months. In particular the role of local treatment is discussed, considering that RT was not recommended by the protocol. The 104 patients, 70 affected by RMS and 34 by NR-STS, were grouped according to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Staging (IRS) system. The general guidelines of the study for the local treatment included surgery in Gr I, surgery + radiotherapy (40 Gy) in Gr II, surgery (1 or more procedures) + radiotherapy (45-54 Gy) in Gr III, but RT was not recommended for patients < 3 years. RMS: The 5 patients in Gr I did not receive RT: 4/5 are alive NED and 1 is lost at FU. Among the 5 patients in Gr II, 5 did not receive RT and are alive NED; 4 were given RT and 2 of these died of disease. In the 56 patients in Gr III, RT was utilized in 25: 5 died of disease and 6 manifested distant sequelae due to RT. 10/31 patients who were not given RT, did not undergo any other local treatment and died of disease; 4 patients died after surgery only. NRSTS: 7/9 Gr I patients are alive (1 was treated with RT and did not present sequelae); 1/9 died and 1 is lost at FU. 3/6 Gr II patients are alive (1 after RT), 2 died of disease and 1 is lost at FU. 2/19 Gr III patients were given RT and 1 died of disease; 3 of the not irradiated patients died without any local treatment, 4 after surgery only. CONCLUSION: The local treatment was important for patients' outcome: only 28% of the RMS and 36% of the NRSTS patients who were not treated with surgery a/o RT are in CR. Surgery was not particularly aggressive (6 mutilating procedures). RT was utilized in 33/104 patients and sequelae were 7. The difference in overall survival between patients less than 3 and patients more than 3 is not statistically significant.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Wilms' tumor or nephroblastoma].

Wilms' tumor represents one of the most frequent neoplastic disease of childhood: its prevalence is about 5-8 cases per million children aged less than 15 years, and its frequency ranks fourth among childhood solid tumors. Very marked improvement in the treatment of this lesion has occurred since 1942 with a 15% survival rate was reported. The modern approach to Wilms' tumor and its treatment based on the combination of surgery with chemo- and radiotherapy raised the survival rate to 80-95%, as shown by several cooperative studies performed in the United States and Europe. The nosographic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the disease are reviewed and illustrated on the basis of the diagnostic imaging and anatomical features of cases treated by the authors.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intrapancreatic lipoma: a case report].

A rare case of asymptomatic pancreatic lipoma in an eleven-month-old child is presented. The abdominal mass was discovered occasionally during a grip episode. Preoperative tests proved the presence of a neoformation arising from the pancreas. It was multilobed, capsulated and located between colon transversus, spleen and stomach without infiltration of surrounding structures. The histological picture was that of a mature lipoma. The authors discuss the differential diagnosis versus other fat tumors.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemangiopericytoma in childhood: presentation of an unusual clinical case].

A case of retroperitoneal Hemangiopericytoma in a 9 year old boy is presented. Hemangiopericytoma is a rare soft tissue tumor with unpredictable biological behaviour and a high local recurrency rate. Its ubiquity, the different grades of malignancy, the lack of correlation between clinical and histological feature are discussed. It is emphasized the hard preoperative diagnosis of the painless "mass", that can be reached only by histology. Increased cellularity, prominent mitotic activity, and foci of necrosis or hemorrhage suggest a malignant form rather than a benign one. Classifying Hemangiopericytoma among mesenchymal tumors, radical surgery is the treatment of choice whenever possible, associated with pre or post operative chemotherapy according to National Protocol RMS 88.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

D-CECaT as preoperative chemotherapy for unresectable neuroblastoma in children over one year of age.

The role of intensive pre- and postoperative chemotherapy in unresectable nonmetastatic neuroblastoma is still controversial. A preoperative regimen that included deferoxamine, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, carboplatin and thiotepa (D-CECaT) was evaluated in 10 children over one year of age at diagnosis, and this was followed by surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. After four courses of D-CECaT, the response rate was 9/10 with 3 complete responses, 6 partial responses and 1 minor response. Severe but transitory myelosuppression was the major toxic effect. Complete remission by combined D-CECaT chemotherapy and surgery was obtained in 9/10 patients, while 1 case achieved complete remission only with postoperative chemotherapy. All children are disease-free with a median follow-up of 30.5 months (range: 1+ to 50+). This intensive treatment was effective in both standard- and high-risk unresectable NB. However, whether a less intensive approach and fewer courses can also give similar results in standard-risk cases warrants further study.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Accidents in childhood. Experiences at the Emergency Department of the Bambino Gesù Hospital of Rome].

Considering the clinical and statistical data about injured children coming to the emergency department in the years between 1990 and 1995, the Authors hope better information, identification of risks, use of safety devices in order to successfully implement precautionary measures and the assistance in accidents which still are the first reason for death in children.

Abdominal Injuries↗