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Biomedical subjects

C Blair

Publications and source records attributed to C Blair.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Reverse targeting in a media-promoted breast cancer screening project.

BACKGROUND: The American Cancer Society has sponsored community-based, low-cost, Breast Cancer Detection Awareness Projects throughout the United States. The authors hypothesized that these projects tend to exclude minorities and women of lower socioeconomic status--groups with a higher incidence of late-stage disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was performed of participants in the 1990 Breast Screening Project in Tampa, Florida. The demographic profile of participants was compared with that predicted by 1990 census data. RESULTS: There were 13,920 women who called phone banks for additional information. Of these, 13,215 were deemed eligible and 6640 completed mammographic screening. Forty percent of participants were having mammography for the first time. Comparisons with census data indicated that elderly people, members of minority groups, and women of lower educational levels were underrepresented. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the concept that "reverse targeting" occurs with these breast cancer screening projects, and recommendations for recruiting underrepresented groups are given.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Social discomfort and depression in a sample of adults with leg amputations.

We examined the relationship between social discomfort and depression in a sample of 89 adults with leg amputations at two outpatient clinics. It was hypothesized that individuals who reported being uncomfortable with social contacts involving acknowledgement of their amputation or prosthesis were more prone to depression than other patients. A set of questions addressing different aspects of social discomfort demonstrated internal consistency and were used as a scale. Social discomfort was significantly correlated with scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale depression scale (r = .41). Multiple regression analysis showed that social discomfort was a significant independent predictor of depression, after holding constant the effects of age, gender, social support, time since amputation, reason for amputation, and perceived health. These data indicate that health care professionals should view the expression of social discomfort by amputee patients as a possible "marker" for depression. Further studies are planned to develop and validate an expanded social discomfort scale.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Scabies.

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Humans↗
PubMed1976

The action of a urea-lactic acid ointment in ichthyosis with particular reference to the thickness of the horny layer.

The effect of urea-lactic acid ointment on the scales of ichthyotic skin was assessed using the 'cell swelling' technique of Christophers & Kligman. The thickness of the horny layer and of the scales was reduced both by the ointment and by the base. The formation of scales was shown to differ from that in psoriasis where the scale forms at the apex of th a rete peg and is symmetrical whereas in ichthyosis the separation of the scale may be at an entirely different depth at one margin. There is an increase in the number of 'T' cells in X-linked recessive ichthyosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

IgE-induced respiratory and circulatory changes during systemic anaphylaxis in the rabbit.

We studied systemic anaphylaxis induced by the administration of 200 mug of horseradish peroxidase into 11 anesthetized rabbits known to be producing anti-horseradish peroxidase antibodies only of the IgE class. Ventilatory changes included a transient, abrupt decrease in breathing frequency followed by increased minute ventilation; lung mechanical changes included decreased dynamic lung compliance and increased total pulmonary resistance; cardiovascular changes included pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension, and, frequently, a transient bradycardia. Recovery from these physiologic changes took place within 60 min. After recovery, the administration of 2 mg of horseradish peroxidase into 6 of the rabbits induced a second reaction indistinguishable from the first with respect to ventilatory and circulatory alterations; however, lung mechanical changes were less prominent. No histologic evidence of pulmonary edema or intraluminal plugging of the pulmonary edema or intraluminal plugging of the pulmonary circulation was observed by light microscopy. Although the first anaphylactic reaction was accompanied by disappearance of stainable basophils from the circulating blood, the second reaction occurred despite the absence of circulating basophils. These studies characterize further the effects of antigen challenge in rabbits producing detectable concentrations of IgE, but not other classes of antibody to the antigen.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concurrent administration of albumin with total parenteral nutrition in sick newborn infants.

The effects of concurrent administration of albumin with total parenteral nutrition were studied in 12 premature newborns (birth weight 1.26 +/- 0.1 kg [mean +/- SEM] and gestational age 30 +/- 0.8 weeks [mean +/- SEM]) compared with a control group of 12 premature newborns (birth weight 1.17 +/- 0.2 kg and gestational age 29 +/- 0.1 weeks) who received total parenteral nutrition. All newborns had a plasma albumin level below 3 g/dL and were in cardiorespiratory distress requiring assisted ventilation. Albumin supplementation of total parenteral nutrition resulted in a sustained increase in serum albumin concentration as well as increased mean arterial blood pressures in the study group. Slow albumin infusion had no observed effect on the severity of respiratory distress. Study group infants regained birth weight earlier than control group infants. These data suggest that the concurrent administration of albumin may be clinically beneficial in critically ill newborn infants.

Albumins↗