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Biomedical subjects

C Bismuth

Publications and source records attributed to C Bismuth.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cyanide poisoning from propionitrile exposure.

A 55-year-old worker was exposed to propionitrile by both the inhalational and dermal routes. He rapidly lost consciousness and developed metabolic acidosis consistent with cyanide poisoning. Treatment with hydroxycobalamin and sodium thiosulfate produced complete symptom resolution within an hour. Serial blood cyanide and thiocyanate levels documented a rapid decrease in cyanide and concomitant increase in thiocyanate. Serious cyanide poisoning can occur from propionitrile exposure. Treatment with hydroxycobalamin and sodium thiosulfate can produce rapid clinical improvement.

Cyanides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electroencephalogram recordings during eserine treatment for overdosage with anticholinergics (author's transl)].

The value of electroencephalographic recordings during eserine treatment for overdosage with anticholinergics is discussed, based on the results obtained in 6 cases. The results were spectacular in three cases, and a partial improvement was noted in one other case (suicide attempts with overdoses of atropine compounds), but only a slight effect was observed in two patients (with overdose of neuroleptics). Three points have to be underlined concerning the E.E.G. recordings: --eserine did not cause supplementary E.E.G. changes;--with eserine, the paroxystic abnormalities observed during overdoses of atropine compounds and amitriptyline rapidly disappear;--with mixed overdoses (atropine, barbiturates, or minor tranquillizers), eserine has no effect against non-anticholinergic products. Therapy with eserine, however, is still limited in its indications because of its short period of activity, its side-effects, and the possible risks of cardiac or convulsant complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paraquat poisoning. An overview of the current status.

Paraquat is a bipyridyl compound with no known chronic toxicity or teratogenicity. It is poorly absorbed when inhaled, but causes severe illness when ingested orally, death usually occurring within 2 days of ingestion of 50 mg/kg. At lower doses death may be delayed for several weeks. The toxic compound accumulates in lung tissue where free radicals are formed, lipid peroxidation is induced and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is depleted. This produces diffuse alveolitis followed by extensive pulmonary fibrosis. The most important prognostic indicator is the quantity of paraquat absorbed, as shown by the plasma paraquat concentration. While renal failure will develop in the majority of those patients who eventually die, it may not, if present alone, indicate a fatal outcome. The absence of caustic burns in the upper digestive tract indicates a good prognosis. Treatment of paraquat poisoning remains ineffective, but Fuller's earth, activated charcoal and resins may prevent some absorption of the toxin. When tubular necrosis occurs, renal excretion of the compound decreases rapidly. A 3-compartment pharmacokinetic model has been described following ingestion of tracer doses including a 'deep' compartment for active pulmonary accumulation. Haemodialysis, haemoperfusion and forced dialysis have been attempted, with no clear improvement in survival rates. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, N-acetylcysteine and other 'free radical scavengers' have failed to alter the outcome in poisoned patients. Other theoretical treatments, such as deferoxamine, immunotherapy, NADPH repletion and lung transplantation still require clinical validation.

Charcoal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

4-Methylpyrazole may be an alternative to ethanol therapy for ethylene glycol intoxication in man.

4-Methylpyrazole (4 MP) is a strong inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase. Its use in acute ethylene glycol (EG) or methanol intoxication has been suggested in experimental studies about its efficacy and safety. We report three cases of accidental intoxication with ethylene glycol in man treated orally with 20 mg/kg/day of 4 MP. The treatment was maintained until plasma EG concentrations became unmeasurable. The patients were admitted early during the course of the poisoning. Their neurological status was good. A slight metabolic acidosis observed in two cases was easily corrected and did not recur. Renal function remained normal in all cases. No patient underwent hemodialysis. On admission plasma EG concentrations were 24.2 mmol/l, 13 mmol/l and 9.7 mmol/l respectively. Plasma EG half-lives were 14.5, 11.5 and 14.75 hours respectively. Plasma oxalate concentrations and the rate of urine oxalate elimination, determined in two patients, were high on admission but quickly returned to normal. Concerning possible side effects of 4 MP, a skin rash was observed in one patient and a possible eosinophilia in the others. These three cases suggest that 4 MP may decrease the metabolic consequences of EG poisoning in man and may be of therapeutic value when administered early during the course of the intoxication before coma, seizures and organic renal failure have occurred.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The importance of software for the planning and adjusting of dosage. Application with aminoglycosides].

We are presenting a Mac Intosh--Apple computer program (Excel*) for the aminoglycosides (AG) drug monitoring useful in the following situations: --initiation of an AG's dosing regimen depending on the desired peak and through concentration (AG's pharmacokinetic parameters have been calculated according to the AG's literature values). --an adequate dosing regimen after revision of the patient's parameters (calculated with the observed concentrations). The technique has been validated comparing desired (des. C) and measured concentrations (mes. C). --either at the beginning of the treatment, --or after revision of the individual parameters. In the first case, the correlation coefficient obtained between 14 des C and 14 mes. C is equal to 0.91 and is improved when individual parameters are calculated (0.94).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypokalemia in massive chloroquine poisoning. 2 cases].

Two cases of hypokalemia which was deep (1.1 mmol/l), symptomatic and protracted were observed during the early course of acute massive chloroquine intoxication. Biochemical data suggest that the mechanism of hypokalemia in such cases is intracellular transport.

Acute Disease↗