Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Bianchini.
Ceftazidime was used in 19 patients at high risk owing to severe impairment of natural defense systems. The therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions produced by cephalosporin, as evaluated on the basis of the results of clinical investigations and laboratory tests, were regarded as positive.
The effect of acute hypercalcemia on blood pressure and plasma catecholamine levels was investigated in 10 normal subjects and in 5 patients completely thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) for a parathyroid cancer. In normal subjects, calcium infusion (15 mg/kg over 3 h) significantly increased plasma calcium and epinephrine levels and blood pressure. Plasma norepinephrine was increased only after 3 h of calcium infusion. In TPTX patients, calcium infusion increased significantly plasma calcium and epinephrine but not blood pressure. The percent increase in mean blood pressure during calcium infusion correlated with the concomitant percent increase in serum calcium in normal subjects (r = 0.71, p less than 0.001) but not in TPTX patients (r = -0.08). These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that the effect of calcium on arterial pressure is realized under intact parathyroid function.
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In a randomised within-subject double-blind study, 7 healthy male volunteers, aged 32 to 40 years, received at rest intravenous infusions of 2 mg propranolol (devoid of partial agonist activity), 2 mg oxprenolol (with partial agonist activity) and placebo. Cuff blood pressure did not vary after any of the 3 treatments. The heart rate did not change after placebo, but fell in the first 5 min both after propranolol and oxprenolol (p less than 0.01); the rate was slightly lower after propranolol than oxprenolol (p less than 0.05). The heart rate remained lower after both beta-blockers than placebo from 5 to 60 min after the infusion (both p less than 0.01), but the difference between the two beta-blockers was no longer significant. Plasma cyclic AMP showed a peak rise at 2 and 3 min after oxprenolol, and remained unchanged at those times after propranolol and placebo. From the 5th to the 60th min after infusion, the cyclic AMP concentration was lower after both beta-blockers than placebo, and with a slightly but not significantly higher level on oxprenolol than propranolol. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline were higher after the beta-blockers compared to placebo. Oxprenolol evoked a smaller and non-significant rise in both catecholamines. That oxprenolol, unlike propranolol, causes a sudden rise in plasma cyclic AMP soon after an i.v. infusion may be due to its partial agonist activity.
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A randomized double-blind cross-over trial was carried out in 20 patients suffering from ventricular ectopic contractions (VECs), in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a new antiarrhythmic drug, Propafenone (P), versus Lorajmine (L). The patients were given 900 mg/day P and 600 mg/day L in three divided doses for 3 days. Every patient was evaluated with four 24-hour ambulatory ECGs, the first at the beginning of the trial, the second after the administration of the first drug, the third after the administration of the second drug and the last after wash-out. With P, the average fall in VECs was 70.6 +/- 10.8% with a clinically significant individual response in 14 of the 20 patients (VECs reduction greater than or equal to 75%, VECs mean decrease: 93.5 +/- 2.1%). With L, VECs decreased by 37.4 +/- 14.2% whilst VECs reduction was larger than 75% only in 50% patients (VECs mean decrease 85.8 +/- 3.1%). Lastly, after therapy interruption, VECs globally increased by +5.4 +/- 14.4%. Propafenone is a considerably active drug against ventricular arrhythmias. It proved to be more effective than Lorajmine under our experimental conditions.
Specific degranulation of mast cells and basophils depends upon transmembrane calcium flow. In the present studies the protective effect of the calcium-antagonist drug verapamil against allergen-induced asthma was assessed in eight atopic patients. The results of this study showed that verapamil, administered both orally or by aerosol, can prevent the specific bronchoconstriction.
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1. Carotid baroreceptor manipulation (neck-chamber technique) and passive head-up tilting were used in ten patients with renovascular hypertension and in five subjects with essential hypertension under diuretic treatment to study reflex control of renin secretion at high basal-renin production rates. 2. Reflex effects of carotid baroreceptor manipulation on renin secretion were only minor. During baroreceptor deactivation there was a moderate increase in mean arterial pressure, but an inconsistent change in the renal venous--arterial difference in plasma renin activity (PRA). 3. During baroreceptor stimulation there was a modest fall in mean arterial pressure and a marked rise in the renal venous--arterial difference in PRA. This was opposite to the fall which might have been predicted as a result of the sympathetic depressor influence of the baroreceptor stimulus. Conversely, tilting increased the venous--arterial PRA difference by about 200%. 4. It is concluded that when renin production rate is high carotid baroreceptors exert little control over renin release, just as when renin production is low. Reflex control of renin, however, is very active in subjects with a high renin production, probably due to receptors in the cardiopulmonary region.