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Biomedical subjects

C Bianchi

Publications and source records attributed to C Bianchi.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical and functional results after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal J reservoir in the treatment of ulcerative colitis].

PURPOSE: Restorative proctocolectomy is the procedure of choice in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. The operation is successful in removing all diseased mucosa while preserving a normal bowel function and a good quality of life for the patient. In this article are presented the clinical and functional results obtained in 28 patients, 19 males (68%) and 9 females (32%) after stapled restorative proctocolectomy with ileal J pouch-anal anastomosis. RESULTS: There were no perioperative deaths. The overall morbidity rate was 31%. Six patients (21%) presented pelvic abscess; 2 (7%) pelvic hematoma, 4 patients (14%) ileo-anal anastomotic stricture, 1 patient (3.6%) pouch-vagina fistula, three patients (11%) intestinal obstruction and 7 (25%) pouchitis. All patients were able to evacuate their pouches spontaneously. The mean bowel movements were 6-9/24 hours at the first postoperative month and 3-5/24 hours at the sixth month. Infrequent nocturnal seepage occurred in 6 patients (21%). Stool consistency returned to normal within 3-6 months. The mean pouch capacity was 210 cc. The mean resting pressure was diminished in 11 patients (39%), the men and maximal squeeze pressures were improved in 9 (32%); the ileo-rectal-anal inhibitory reflex was normal in 5 patients (18%), not defined in 12 (43%). Impotence or impaired bladder function was not present. CONCLUSION: The use of staplers in the surgical technique of restorative proctocolectomy with J shaped ileo-anal pouch is associated with low morbidity and better long-term results. The procedure requires a good selection of patients, a correct surgical timing, a very carefully technique and a low pre and postoperative treatment with steroids.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura among women].

BACKGROUND: The epidemiological features of mesothelioma among women differ from those observed among men. OBJECTIVES: To trace the outline of pleural mesothelioma among women in the Monfalcone area, Italy. METHODS: Thirty-three malignant mesotheliomas of the pleura observed in female patients at the Hospital of Monfalcone, Italy, in the period 1979-2002 were reviewed. The diagnosis was based on/or confirmed by necropsy findings in 30 cases. Occupational and social histories were obtained from the patients themselves or from their relatives by personal or telephone interviews. In 29 necropsy cases thoracic cavities were examined for the presence of pleural plaques. Routine lung section were examined for asbestos bodies in 30 cases. In 21 cases asbestos bodies were isolated and counted after chemical digestion of lung tissue. RESULTS: The age of the patients ranged between 48 and 89 years (mean 72.85, median 73.00). All the patients had histories of exposure to asbestos, single in 25 cases and mixed in 8. Exposure at home due to cleaning of work clothes was the most frequent type of exposure. Various patients had been exposed in non-asbestos text industries (cotton mills). Unusual types of exposure occurred in some cases (distillery, small sodium carbonate factory, starch factory). The latency periods (time intervals elapsed between first exposure to asbestos and diagnosis of the tumour), calculated in 23 cases, ranged from 34 to 62 years. Pleural plaques were found in 21 cases. Twelve patients showed asbestos bodies on routine lung sections. The asbestos body burden ranged between only a few bodies and 92,000/g dried tissue. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with other series of mesothelioma among women, all the present cases were attributable to asbestos. The detection of objective signs of exposure (pleural plaques, lung asbestos bodies) played a key role in attribution.

Age Factors↗
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Comparative sorption of clomipramine, viloxazine, and maprotiline hydrochlorides in polyvinylchloride bags and glass vials.

The sorption of clomipramine, viloxazine, and maprotiline hydrochlorides was studied comparatively in polyvinylchloride (PVC) bags and glass flasks for up to 72 hours. When stored in glass flasks, no decrease in concentration was observed for any of the three drugs, either in dextrose or sodium chloride isotonic solution. When stored in PVC bags, a slight loss (about 7% within 72 hours), was noted for clomipramine hydrochloride in both isotonic solutions, but not for the other two drugs.

Clomipramine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of alpha-adrenoreceptors in the control of spontaneous motility and morphine withdrawal syndrome.

The effects of different alpha-2 agonists on the spontaneous motility in naive and morphine tolerant mice were studied. Clonidine caused a reduction at the lower (1-3 micrograms Kg-1 i.p.) and higher (100 micrograms Kg-1 i.p.) doses and no effect at 10-30 micrograms Kg-1 i.p. in naive mice, while an increase was found at the intermediate doses (10-30 micrograms Kg-1 i.p.) in morphine tolerant mice. The clonidine-induced inhibition on spontaneous motility at the lower and higher doses was prevented both in naive and tolerant mice by idazoxan pretreatment. In morphine-treated animals the increase induced by clonidine was antagonized by prazosin. The action of guanabenz and guanfacine on locomotion differed from clonidine, by producing inhibition only at higher doses (100-300 micrograms Kg-1 i.p.). Clonidine, but not guanfacine or guanabenz, prevented the withdrawal syndrome precipitated by naloxone. Thus the only alpha-2 agonistic properties do not appear sufficient to explain the prevention of morphine abstinence by clonidine in mice, which can represent a single model to screen anti-withdrawal drugs.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura among seafarers.

BACKGROUND: A large amount of data indicates that seafarers are at risk for asbestos disease. OBJECTIVES: To trace the outlines of pleural mesothelioma among seafarers. METHODS: Pleural mesotheliomas diagnosed among seamen in the Trieste-Monfalcone area, Italy, in the period 1973-2003, were reviewed. RESULTS: The series comprised 50 men aged between 53 and 91 years (mean age 75.7 years). The diagnosis of mesothelioma was confirmed by necropsy in 38 cases. The patients had served in the Italian Navy (24 persons), in the merchant navy (17 persons), or in both (9 persons). The trades were various including engine room as well as deck personnel. Asbestos bodies were detected on routine lung sections in 55% of the necropsy cases. Asbestos bodies isolated from the lungs in three cases ranged between 2100 and 7000 bodies per gram of dried tissue. Latency periods ranged between 33 and 72 years (mean 56.1 years). CONCLUSIONS: When compared with shipyard workers, the seamen with mesothelioma show signs of less intense exposure to asbestos, and longer latency periods. Mesothelioma in seamen should be considered as an occupational disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neonatal common bile duct calculi. Description of a case].

Cholelithiasis as a cause of jaundice in the neonatal period is rare. We are going to describe a case of cholestasis with cholangitis due to calculus of choledochus. None of the causes favouring cholelithiasis described in medical studies proved to be present. The diagnosis was made through an ultrasonographic check of the upper abdomen. The case resolved spontaneously. Our case suggests a cautious attitude and careful clinical and echographic monitoring.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adrenal neoplasms in childhood. Description of a clinical case and review of the literature].

Hyperadrenocorticism caused by tumors of adrenal cortex is uncommon in children; it occurs more frequently in girls and on the left side. The clinical manifestations depend upon age and sex of patients; virilization is the predominant sign in about two thirds of the cases, and Cushing's syndrome in the others. Diagnosis is made by hormonal and instrumental evaluations. Therapy is surgical eradication. Histology has not proved to be useful because pleiomorphism and capsular invasion have been found in clinically benign tumors. High mortality rate in older literature may have been due to post-operative complications and inadequate steroid replacement; in more recent issues good prognosis is referred in pediatric patients. Early diagnosis and therapy are important to prevent adverse effect on growth and development. After an up-to-date review of the literature, a case of adrenocortical tumor is reported. We present a 3 years old boy with pseudoprecocious puberty (accelerated growth and bone age, sexual hair, facial acne, penile enlargement, hoarse voice) and a diagnosis of testosterone-producing adrenal tumor was confirmed by endocrine and radiological investigations. Removal of functioning adrenal tumor was followed by rapid regression of most of the clinical signs of the disease; plasma and urinary steroids returned to normal values. Twelve months after eradication of the tumor the patient is in good health; long-term-follow-up is necessary to exclude any relapse.

Adenoma↗
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Lonidamine-induced outer membrane permeability and susceptibility of mitochondria to inhibition by adriamycin.

Low concentrations of Adriamycin (ADM) do not inhibit the oxygen consumption of rat liver mitochondria because of the inability to cross the outer membrane. The involvement of this membrane as a permeability barrier is demonstrated by the results with exogenous ferrocytochrome c. ADM does not affect the basal rate of ferrocytochrome c oxidation, which, on the contrary, increases in Lonidamine (LND)-treated mitochondria. This difference lies in the capacity of LND to unmask the redox carriers in the inner membrane, i.e. cytochrome c:oxygen oxidoreductase which is also a marker of the outer membrane permeabilization. Therefore, the enhancement of ADM's effect on mitochondrial respiration by LND must be ascribed to its permeabilizing effect on the outer mitochondrial membrane.

Animals↗
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[Cortico-adrenal-genital syndrome. Diagnosis, therapy, follow-up].

Recently new advances are achieved in the diagnosis of CAH, by discovering clinical forms different from the classical one: the late-onset and the cryptic-CAH. While the diagnosis of classical form mainly depends on dosing 17-OH-progesterone levels in all newborns, the detection of non-classical form requires measurement of adrenal steroids in basal conditions and after ACTH stimulation. The Authors recommend a careful follow-up of treated patients by frequent clinical and hormonal evaluations in order to prevent slightly unsuitable therapy that could compromise the achievement of adequate adult height. It is necessary to evaluate not only the daily total amount, but also the pattern of administration and which adrenal preparation is preferable.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhancing effect of lonidamine on the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by adriamycin.

Pretreatment of rat liver mitochondria with lonidamine (LND), 1-(2,4 dichlorobenzyl)-1 H-indazol-3-carboxylic acid, increases their susceptibility to respiratory inhibition by adriamycin (ADM). Because LND does not inhibit the rate of oxygen consumption at the concentrations used, its potentiating effect may be exerted by favoring the interaction of ADM molecules with their sites in the inner mitochondrial membrane. LND does not modify the permeability on the inner membrane for large molecules. However, its enhancing effect can be ascribed to a modified permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane which may represent a barrier for ADM entry.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Male pseudohermaphroditism].

After a brief recall of male sexual differentiation, main features of different etiopathogenetic forms conditioning male pseudohermaphroditism (MPSH) are considered. Procedures for an early and exact identification are illustrated in order to formulate an appropriate prognosis. Hormonal treatment and corrective surgery are discussed; in case of severe malformations, a gender reassignment may be evaluated.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗