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Biomedical subjects

C Bernier

Publications and source records attributed to C Bernier.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Minocycline].

Minocycline belongs to the second generation class of cyclines. It was synthesized in 1967 and marketed in 1972. Minocycline has an antiinfectious activity with a spectrum similar to that of other cyclines, notably against Chlamydias, Treonema and Proprionibacterium acenes. The antiinflammatory activity is associated with this antiinfectious action is greater than that of first generation cyclines with specifically a modulator effect on epidermal cytokines. The pharmokinetics of minocycline is characterized by an excellent absorption, a long half-life and an important lipophilic property inducing good tissue distribution. Clinical trials of minocycline have mainly been performed in sexually transmissible diseases and in acne, a field where randomized studies are the most frequent. These trials show that the effect of minocycline is not stronger than first generation cyclines or doxycycline, but that the action is quicker than that of tetracycline at the dose of 500 mg a day. Minocycline is also efficient in nocardiasis, mycobacteriosis, leprosy, Lyme disease, pyoderma gangrenosum, autoimmune bullous dermatitis, Carteaud disease, and prurigo. However, the effect of minocycline in these different conditions has always been evaluated in open trials with a small number of patients. The usual side effects of cyclines, i.e. digestive problems, fungal infections, are less frequent than with first generation cyclines. No photosensitivity has been demonstrated although pigmentations have been described. Dizziness is a specific side effect of minocycline. Furthermore, rare but severe side effects have been reported, including hypersensitivity syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis, and lupus. Regular indications for minocycline in dermatology are acne and three sexually transmissible diseases (mycoplasm, chlamydia, treponema). Proposed dosage is 100 mg per day in sexually transmissible disease with a reduction to 50 mg per day after 15 days in acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2000

[Spontaneous idiopathic chylothorax. Case report and review of the literature].

We present a new case of bilateral spontaneous idiopathic pneumothorax, occurring in a 52-year-old woman. A literature review of similar cases shows a quite reproducible picture, consisting in the occurrence of supraclavicular swelling and left or bilateral chylothorax after a mild effort in a woman in her fifties.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Bacteremia and Pasteurella multocida pneumonia revealing HIV infection].

Pasteurella multocida is a major pathogen in local wound infections due to animal bites. Pneumonia and bacteremia are less frequent and usually associated with local or general impairment of host defenses. Scarce reports exist about Pasteurella multocida infections in HIV infected patients. We report here a case of hypoxemic pneumonia and bacteremia due to Pasteurella multocida revealing an HIV infection in a young man.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of sexual abuse among patients with functional disorders of the lower gastrointestinal tract.

To evaluate the links between gastrointestinal disorders and sexual abuse, we asked 344 patients consulting in a specialized tertiary care university hospital or a gastroenterologist in private practice, if they had been sexually abused. Forty per cent of patients suffering from lower functional digestive disorder gave a history of having been victims of sexual abuse in contrast to only 10% of patients with organic diseases (P < 0.0003). The prevalence was similar in private practice and in the university hospital. Abused patients were more likely to complain of constipation (P < 0.03) and diarrhoea (P < 0.04). Anismus was more frequent in patients who had been sexually abused (P < 0.02). The prevalence of abuse was four times greater in patients with lower than with upper functional motor disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (P < 0.002). This study confirms the large prevalence of a past history of sexual abuse among patients consulting for gastrointestinal tract functional disorder, and this whatever the kind of recruitment may be. It shows the association to be much stronger in patients who have a lower rather than an upper gastrointestinal dysfunction, the major complaint of abused patients being constipation and diarrhoea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Early detection of residents in trouble].

Early detection of residents' learning difficulties helps teachers offer appropriate help. During a series of educational workshops, a variety of behaviours associated with learning difficulties were described and four behavioural categories were established: limited cognitive response, disturbed affective response, deviant moral response, and diminished self-motivation.

Affect↗
PubMed1992

Ergonomic analysis of work activity of data entry clerks in the computerized service sector can reveal unrecognized skills.

Women are highly represented in those computer service jobs which are supposed to require the lowest level of qualification. The complexity of the activities which contribute to accomplishing such tasks in real life is usually unrecognized, as are the skills needed to perform these activities. The requirements of one such job, held by 7 women in a university administration, have been documented by ergonomic analysis. According to the supervisors, little mental effort was required, and "the employees do the job without even thinking about it." However, study of the real tasks involved revealed that the job required a great deal of innovative thinking, all of it unrecognized by the employer, and some of it actually forbidden. However, because the knowledge was not arrived at through systematic training, it is fragmentary and does not permit the employee to be fully autonomous or to transfer her skills to other jobs.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

T-cell depletion does not affect long-term human bone marrow culture.

Bone marrow long-term cultures were studied for 8 weeks in four experiments before and after T-cell depletion with a mixture of monoclonal antibodies directed against CD2, CD5 and CD7. No differences in cellularity or granulomonocytic progenitor numbers appeared during the period of culture. We conclude that in vitro treatment in itself is not likely to explain non-take or graft rejection associated with T-depleted bone marrow transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Action of secretagogues on amylase release from dog pancreatic acini.

This work describes a new preparation of dog pancreatic acini which were used to study amylase release in response to various secretagogues. Neither secretin nor vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulated amylase release from acini. Caerulein, carbachol and human synthetic gastrin G17 stimulated amylase release with the same efficacy, but with different potencies. Bombesin nonapeptide did not show any evidence of a direct stimulatory effect on amylase release. These species-related peculiarities stress the necessity of using the same species when comparing pancreatic cell behaviour in vivo and in vitro.

Amylases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Assessment of an educational program in an "Atopic School": pilot study in 40 patients].

INTRODUCTION: The assessment of the educational management of 40 moderate to severe atopic patients was performed in the atopic dermatitis school created in Nantes (France) from November 2000 to May 2001. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (SCORAD >20) were selected according to the criteria of Hanifin and Rajka and included in an open pilot study including a specific educational program. Atopic training included consultations, demonstrations, interviews with both dermatologist and nurses and workshops organized in three subgroups according to the age of the patients. SCORAD index, educational diagnosis and at least one educational objective were established during the first consultation. Evaluation criteria were defined in accordance with the educational objectives. Specific educational tools were used for each objective. RESULTS: Forty patients (mean age: 9 years) were followed during 6 months. At the beginning of the study the mean SCORAD was of 50.5. After a 6 months follow-up, the mean SCORAD was of 22 and improvement of the SCORAD was noted in 97 p. 100 of cases. Educational objectives were reached in 70.6 p. 100 of cases. One patient lost contact. DISCUSSION: The educational approach of atopic dermatitis includes global assessment of the disease after identification of risk factors, disrupted quality of life, skin-damaging behavior, family stress. Educational diagnosis focusing on local treatment is a major step; topical treatment is either misunderstood or conducted erroneously or non-existent. Therapeutic education plays a key role in the compliance and efficacy of treatment. Pain management, demonstration and explanation of skin care by health care professionals, information on the disease in age-specific workshops provided good results in more than 70 p. 100 of cases. Severe atopic dermatitis in children can lead to major domestic conflicts when the parents are in charge of the treatment. Giving responsibilities to the children, by teaching them how to treat themselves, relieves the parents from their involvement and finally reduces the conflicts. CONCLUSION: The difficulties encountered in treating refractory atopic dermatitis may be secondary to the severity of the disease, to poor compliance or to the extent of the psychological impact. Therapeutic education of the patient, as performed in the atopic dermatitis school, represents a major breakthrough in the care of such patients.

Adolescent↗