[Immunohistochemical detection of steroid receptors in normal and pathologic human endometrium].
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Endometrial Hyperplasia↗
Biomedical subjects
C Bergeron
Publications and source records attributed to C Bergeron.
Hereditary diabetes insipidus: an immunohistochemical study of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
We report the histological findings in a case of hereditary diabetes insipidus (HDI) using vasopressin (VP) immunohistochemistry. The hypothalamus displayed a marked loss of magnocellular VP neurons, with preservation of the smaller cells. The neurohypophysis was severely atrophic with scanty immunoreactivity. Our results support the hypothesis that HDI results from a selective degeneration of VP neurons affecting chiefly the magnocellular elements projecting to the neurohypophysis. The sparing of the parvocellular component may reflect the projection of these neurons to non-pituitary targets.
Aged↗
Localization and quantitation of 68 kDa neurofilament and superoxide dismutase-1 mRNA in Alzheimer brains.
The technique of in situ hybridization with tritiated RNA probes was used to study the expression of the 68 kDa neurofilament (NF68) gene and the superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) gene in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Messenger RNA (mRNA) for these proteins was localized and quantified in single cells of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 4 pairs of AD and Huntington's disease (HD) brains from patients matched for age at death and autopsy interval. The cerebellar cortex and hippocampal CA1 and CA2 regions were compared in these two groups of subjects, since in AD the CA2 region of the hippocampus and the cerebellum have been found to be relatively unaffected by the Alzheimer process in comparison to the hippocampal CA1 region. The amount of NF68 mRNA was reduced by approximately 50% in pyramidal cells of both the CA1 and CA2 of AD hippocampus (P less than 0.001), and by 15% in the Purkinje cells of AD cerebellum (P less than 0.05) relative to that of the HD individuals. SOD-1 mRNA was reduced by about 22% in the CA1 of AD brains (P less than 0.001) with no corresponding reduction in the CA2, and by only 5% in the AD cerebellum (P greater than 0.5). The paired design of the study suggests that these results are not simply attributable to the effects of autopsy interval or the agonal process in each patient's death.
Alzheimer Disease↗
Controlled preparation of the endometrium with exogenous estradiol and progesterone in women having functioning ovaries.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if controlled preparation of the endometrium with exogenous estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) could be achieved in women retaining their ovarian function without requiring prior ovarian suppression with a long-acting agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH-a). DESIGN: Prospective feasibility study of a new simplified hormone regimen for preparation of endometrium receptivity. Six volunteer women received transdermal E2 and vaginal P without prior suppression of their ovarian function with GnRH-a. The control group consisted of previously reported cases receiving GnRH-a and E2 and P. SETTING: Academic tertiary care institution. PATIENTS: Six volunteer women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants received transdermal E2 and P after a regimen designed to duplicate the plasma E2 and P levels seen in the menstrual cycle. INTERVENTION: Endometrial biopsy. RESULTS: Plasma luteinizing hormone increased to surge levels in one woman on day 11, in two on day 12, and on day 14 in the remaining three women. No follicular growth was noticed on ultrasound, and no increase in plasma P occurred before the onset of P administration on day 15. Day 20 endometrium specimens showed early secretory changes as previously reported in women deprived of ovarian function receiving similar hormonal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that controlled preparation of the endometrium can be achieved with exogenous E2 and P without prior ovarian suppression with a GnRH-a in women having functioning ovaries. Hence, administration of exogenous E2 and P appears to be a viable simpler alternative to the combined administration of GnRH-a and exogenous E2 and P, which avoids the side effects and the cost of GnRH-a.
Adult↗
Immunocytochemical localization of oestradiol and progesterone receptors in human endometrium: a tool to assess endometrial maturation.
Uterine oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors are subject to fine hormonal control by oestradiol and progesterone. In order to assess the role of ER and PR measurement in the evaluation of endometrial maturation, both receptors were studied by immunocytochemical techniques using monoclonal antibodies during the menstrual cycle, and in women with inactive ovaries treated by different regimens of hormonal substitution with oestradiol and progesterone. During the normal menstrual cycle, the concentrations and distribution of ER and PR changed markedly. During the mid follicular period (days 7-8), a small proportion of stromal and glandular cells stained positively for PR while staining for ER was more intense and more frequent. During the late follicular phase and early luteal period (days 9-19), the staining for PR increased markedly in glandular cells. During the mid and late luteal phase (days 21-27), ER and PR staining disappeared in glandular cells. Thus, while oestradiol increases the staining for ER and PR in both glands and stroma, progesterone decreases ER and PR staining in the glands in a dramatic fashion. These variations, especially the disappearance of PR under the effect of progesterone, are potentially useful for studying the cumulative effect of progesterone on endometrial maturation. This was confirmed in anovulatory women, where a late luteal phase aspect was observed, i.e. the absence of a reduction in ER and PR in glandular cells. In women with ovarian failure, the disappearance of ER and PR in glandular cells is correlated with the duration of progesterone therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
Histology of the human endometrium: from birth to senescence.
Embryologically, the human endometrium is of mesodermal origin, and constitutes the mucosal lining of the fused Mullerian ducts of the uterus. In the adult, premenopausal woman, the endometrium follows a precisely programmed series of morphologic and physiologic events, characterized by growth, secretory differentiation, and in the absence of conception, degeneration and regeneration. Proliferation, secretion and degeneration are confined to the upper functionalis layer, whereas the lower basalis layer is the seat of regenerative endometrium. In the postmenopausal years, absence of biologically significant estrogenic stimulation leads to progressive endometrial involution, from proliferative to inactive in the mid-50s to atrophy in the late-60s. Cyclic endometrial alterations are controlled by the ovarian estrogens and progesterone via their respective endometrial intranuclear receptors, and possibly other peptides and enzymes. They provide appropriate environment for the implanting conceptus. The intimate inter-relationship between endometrial structure/function and steroid hormones during the premenopausal period serves as an indicator of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis as related to ovulatory states.
Aging↗
A family with multiple instances of definite, probable and possible early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
A family with a multigenerational history of proven or suspected early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) consistent with autosomal-dominant inheritance is described. To date, the pedigree comprises five generations in which there are 13 known affected individuals. The mean age of onset of cognitive deficits in those for whom data are available (n = 11) is 47.6 (s.d. 3.0) years and the mean age of death (n = 10) is 58.8 (s.d. 4.0) years. The variability in the extent and quality of available data illustrates the diagnostic difficulties encountered in ascertaining such an extended pedigree, and the need for caution in interpreting the evidence.
Adult↗
Giant cell myocarditis and myositis associated with thymoma and leprosy.
Myocarditis is an inflammatory form of heart disease which is usually preceded by a viral infection. Giant cell myocarditis is an uncommon and nonspecific form of this disease. Sporadic reports have linked giant cell myocarditis with thymoma and concomitant myositis. The authors report a patient with leprosy who, six months after initiation of treatment, developed sudden onset of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias unresponsive to aggressive medical therapy. In addition to confirming leprosy, autopsy showed a mixed cell type thymoma, severe giant cell myocarditis and extensive myositis.
Aged↗
[Cancer of the uterine cervix in 1990. Cervicovaginal smear is the only detection test].
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Female↗
Carbon dioxide laser energy disperses human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid onto treatment fields.
The possibility of dispersing viral deoxyribonucleic acid during carbon dioxide laser treatment of human papillomavirus-containing genital infections has been investigated with a commercially available dot blot hybridization technique. The viral ribonucleic acid probes were specific for groups of human papillomavirus types 6/11, 16/18, and 31/33/35. Laser energy was delivered by continuous-wave mode and the plume of smoke was evacuated by a vacuum suction system. Samples were taken with Dacron swabs from lesional tissues of 43 patients as well as from the treated areas and from the 5 cm surrounding normal skin before and after laser vaporization. Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid was identified in swabs from 34 of 43 (79%) lesional tissues and 7 of 43 (16%) treatment fields. Although a trend for higher human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid positivity in laser margins after therapy (7/43, 16%) than before (4/43, 9%) was observed, the rates were not statistically significant. It is concluded that carbon dioxide laser energy disperses human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid onto treatment fields and the adjacent normal epithelium. Viral contamination of treated areas may be reduced by positioning the fume evacuator within 1 cm of the field of laser vaporization and cleaning the treated areas and surrounding tissue after therapy.
Adolescent↗
Underwear: contamination by human papillomaviruses.
Genital human papillomavirus-related lesions occurring in 74 patients and cellular swab samples taken from their underwear were analyzed with a filter hybridization technique (ViraPap-ViraType, Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg, Md.) for human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid. Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid was found in 54 of 74 (72%) lesional tissues and 13 of 74 (17%) swabs from the underwear. Recurrence rates in patients with and without positive underwear swabs were 61% and 29% (p less than 0.05), respectively.
Adult↗
Brain amino acid contents are dissimilar in sporadic and Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Amino acid contents were measured in autopsied brains of five Guamanian patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or parkinsonism-dementia. Absence of the glutamate deficiency and taurine excess characteristic of sporadic ALS suggest that, despite clinical similarities, Guamanian ALS is a different disorder from sporadic ALS.
Aged↗
Phase II study of cytarabine and etoposide in children with refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a study of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology.
Twenty-five children or adolescents with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were included in this phase II study of the combination of cytarabine (ARA-C) 50 mg/m2/d by 12 hours continuous infusion day 1 to day 5, ARA-C 3 g/m2/d in 3 hours day 1 to day 4, and etoposide (VP 16) 200 mg/m2 daily from day 1 to day 4. Twelve patients had B-cell, 12 T-cell, and one non-T, non-B-cell lymphoma; according to Murphy's staging system, 15 had stage III and nine stage IV disease with bone marrow involvement at diagnosis. All had previously received ARA-C by push or continuous infusion. Two patients had received epipodophyllotoxins. At the time of the study, three children had initial refractory disease, 18 were in first relapse (14 on therapy), two in first refractory relapse, and two in second relapse (on therapy). The overall response rate (RR) was 60%: eight complete responses (CRs), seven partial responses (PRs) (two became CRs after a second course). The RR was 66% (four CRs plus four PRs) in B-cell and 54% (four CRs, three PRs) in non-B-cell NHL. It was 20% (one PR per five patients) in initial or relapsed refractory disease. In four patients with measurable CNS disease, there were three CRs. Duration of response was nonassessable since all the responding patients received high-dose polychemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) (five are alive with long follow-up [FU]). Toxicity was marked mostly by pancytopenia for 2 weeks, and half the patients encountered a grade-3 infection. One severe diarrhea was observed. In conclusion, high-dose ARA-C (HD-ARA-C) and VP 16 are an effective regimen in relapsed NHL, especially with CNS disease, and its toxicity is acceptable with regards to the prognosis of the disease.
Adolescent↗
[Endocervical curettage. Its use in the colposcopic assessment of a patient who has an abnormal cervico-vaginal smear].
Endocervical curettage (ECC) is a simple way of exploring the endocervical canal and is useful for the management of a patient with an abnormal smear. If colposcopy is satisfactory, ECC is usually negative confirming that the canal is free of disease and out-patient treatment can be used. A positive ECC warrants conization. If colposcopy is not satisfactory, ECC is usually positive, confirming extension of the disease in the canal, and sometimes the presence of an invasive lesion requiring a radical treatment right away. An endocervical adenocarcinoma alone or associated with an epidermoid lesion may also be identified. Post cone ECC confirms the absence of residual disease. Follow-up of patients after treatment and/or the menopause with an ECC is helped, especially when the squamocolumnar junction is not seen.
Biopsy↗
Human papillomavirus DNA in CO2 laser-generated plume of smoke and its consequences to the surgeon.
Carbon dioxide laser energy is absorbed by intracellular water but not by proteins or nucleic acids. The possibility of dispersing viral DNA during laser therapy of human papillomavirus (HPV)-containing genital infections was explored using a filter hybridization technique. Samples were taken using dacron swabs from 110 patients in nine separate treatment sessions as well as from five pre-filter canisters, four fume vacuum tubes, and from the nasopharynx, eyelids, and ears of the laser surgeon before and after laser surgery. The viral RNA probes were specific for groups of HPV types 6/11, 16/18, and 31/33/35. Human papillomavirus DNA was identified in swabs from 65 of 110 (60%) of histologically unequivocal condylomata and cervical intraepithelial neoplasias. One of the five pre-filter canisters (20%) tested was HPV DNA-positive after laser treatment of 65 patients; it contained HPV DNA type 6. The four fume vacuum tubes tested in the remaining 45 patients were HPV DNA-negative, as were the nasopharynx, eyelids, and ears of the operator. Although HPV DNA may be released during laser vaporization of genital HPV infections, contamination of the operator is unlikely provided appropriate equipment for evacuating HPV DNA-positive smoke is used.
Adolescent↗
Micropapillomatosis labialis appears unrelated to human papillomavirus.
To clarify the hypothetical etiologic role of human papillomavirus (HPV) for micropapillomatosis labialis, the frequency of HPV infection was compared by dot blot hybridization techniques between vulvar samples from 34 women with micropapillomatosis labialis and 34 women with normal vulvar skin. Although more patients with micropapillomatosis labialis than controls had HPV DNA detected, this was not statistically significant (eight of 34 versus three of 34, respectively; and two of 23 versus one of 34, respectively, when only biopsies were analyzed). In a second part of the study, 22 patients with micropapillomatosis labialis were followed without treatment; the lesion regressed in 45% and persisted in 55% of the patients. Among 11 patients treated with CO2 laser, 5-fluorouracil, or trichloroacetic acid, the lesion persisted in three cases. These results suggest that these introital changes are unrelated to HPV and that a high percentage will regress without treatment.
Adolescent↗
[Treatment of autoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins].
During the neonatal period, 6 infants born to mothers with auto-immune thrombocytopenia purpura were diagnosed as having severe thrombopenia (platelet counts below 30 X 10(9)/l). High doses of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) (0.4 g/kg/injection for 2 infants and 1 g/kg/injection for 4 infants) were administered as of the first week of life. Short-term efficacy was good in all cases (platelet counts over 50 X 10(9)/l, 2-10 days after the first injection). During the second week of life, 5 newborns had relapses which were rapidly reversed by one or several IVIG injections. The thrombopenia was cured between days 19 (shortest) and 41 (longest) and, more over, no side effects were observed. High doses of IVIG seem to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for neonatal auto-immune thrombopenia, and they can be recommended over classical treatments (corticotherapy, exchange transfusion, platelet transfusion) as a first line of attack.
Adult↗
Alzheimer's disease--neuropathological aspects.
Alzheimer's disease is characterized neuropathologically by the progressive atrophy and death of selected neuronal populations. Prominent cytoskeletal changes are also observed, as well as the formation of neuritic plaques associated with the abnormal deposition of amyloid in the brain. The nature, pathogenesis and distribution of these changes are discussed.
Alzheimer Disease↗