[Early detection of gynecologic neoplasms: value of lactate dehydrogenase in vaginal secretions as a tumor marker].
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Cervix Mucus↗
Biomedical subjects
C Berger
Publications and source records attributed to C Berger.
[Bladder exstrophy and pregnancy. Apropos of 2 cases].
The authors report two cases of pregnant women suffering from exstrophy of the bladder. One of the patients had been operated on in childhood for reconstruction of the bladder, and the other had undergone Coffey's operation, so that both were able to lead practically normal lives in adulthood. Three children were born by prophylactic cesarean. Exstrophy of the bladder is often associated with other urological, genital or, on occasion, orthopedic, malformations. This article analyzes the consequences of these malformations on the course of pregnancy and delivery, and the consequences of pregnancy on the urinary tract or on the different types of surgical reconstruction. The indications for the type of delivery (natural passages or cesarean section) are discussed in the light of the author's personal experience and a review of the literature.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
In situ study of T-cell subpopulations in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Diagnostic criteria.
The T-cell subpopulations present in skin biopsy specimens from 91 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and from 19 patients with benign lymphocytic infiltrates of the skin were examined in situ to define criteria for the differentiation of benign from malignant lymphocytic infiltrates. The monoclonal antibodies OKT 1 (pan T-cell), BE 3 (pan T-cell), OKT 4 (helper/inducer T-cell), OKT 6 (cortical thymocyte and Langerhans' cell), OKT 8 (suppressor T-cell), and OKT 10 (pan thymocyte) were used in direct or indirect immunoperoxidase reactions. Sections were examined at high magnification, and the distribution and percentage of cells reactive with each antibody were assessed. Three main patterns of staining were observed in the CTCL patients: (1) 64% of the biopsy specimens showed that 60% of the cells present in the dermis were T-cells that were OKT 1+ and BE 3+ and there was an even distribution of the different T-cell subpopulations, with 54% being OKT 4+ and 8% OKT 8+; (2) 21% patients showed selective loss of OKT 1 antigen, and 80% of these also showed loss of BE 3 antigen; and (3) 15% patients showed large numbers of OKT 8+ cells (range, 50%-90%) but the percentages of OKT 1+ and OKT 4+ cells were within the ranges seen in Group 1, indicating the presence of a population of T-cells simultaneously expressing OKT 4 (helper/inducer) and OKT 8 (suppressor) reactivity. In 95% of the CTCL patients, 3.5% OKT 6+ cells were present in the dermal infiltrate, and in 92% of patients, 3% OKT 10+ cells were present. Comparing sections from CTCL and benign dermatoses, no single diagnostic feature was identified, but helpful differentiating features were: (1) the even, rather than nodular, distribution of the T-cell subpopulation; (2) the selective loss of OKT 1 and BE 3 antigens; (3) the presence of T-cells simultaneously expressing OKT 4 and OKT 8 antigens; and (4) the presence of OKT 10+ cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Dynamic structure of metallothionein.
Molecular sieve chromatography of rabbit liver metallothionein at different electrolyte concentrations revealed that this protein undergoes an increase in Stokes radius from 1.50 to 1.78 nm when the ionic strength is lowered from 0.5 to 0.015 indicating a change in molecular shape and/or hydration. The variation in ionic strength also affects the far-UV circular dichroism of metallothionein reflecting a conformational transition in the protein. The effects are attributed to changes in intramolecular repulsion between the strongly negatively charged metal-thiolate clusters of the protein. It is suggested that metallothionein exists in at least two interchangeable conformational states which differ in hydrodynamic properties and whose equilibrium concentrations are determined by the electrostatic free energy of the system.
Animals↗
Internalization and acidification of insulin by activated human lymphocytes.
The binding and internalization of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated insulin by nonactivated and phytohemagglutinin-activated circulating human lymphocytes was measured by flow cytometry. In confirmation of previous results, negligible binding or internalization was observed for unstimulated cells, while activated lymphocytes showed significant insulin binding. The majority of this insulin was demonstrated to be internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis and acidified within 60 min after addition of insulin. Dual-fluorescence flow cytometry, using antibodies specific for human T cell subsets, was used to show that the expression of insulin binding sites occurs for at least some cells from both the helper/inducer and cytotoxic/suppressor T cell subsets. Insulin internalization is not an artifact of in vitro stimulation, since more than 90% of the unstimulated lymphocytes from a patient with a helper T cell leukemia are positive for insulin internalization. The usefulness of flow cytometric analysis for measuring lymphocyte activation in unstimulated populations and the therapeutic potential of the reported findings for control of lymphocyte proliferation are discussed.
Flow Cytometry↗
DNA polymerase alpha inhibition by aphidicolin induces gaps and breaks at common fragile sites in human chromosomes.
Aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha, is known to induce chromosomal aberrations. At concentrations that did not greatly affect mitotic index, aphidicolin induced a striking number of chromosome gaps and breaks distributed in a highly nonrandom manner in cultured human lymphocytes. Specific chromosome bands, especially 2q31, 3p14, 6q26, 7q32, 16q23, and Xp22 were preferentially damaged in lymphocytes from each of 12 subjects studied. Total and site-specific damage was dose dependent and greatly increased when folic acid was removed from the medium. The sites most sensitive to aphidicolin damage include the "hot spots" seen under conditions of thymidylate stress and in studies of spontaneous chromosomal damage. The fragile X site, which can also be induced by thymidylate stress, was not induced by aphidicolin in lymphocytes, suggesting a separate mechanism for its induction. Aphidicolin represents a novel tool for detection of hot spots on human chromosomes through the mechanism of DNA polymerase alpha inhibition. The hot spots induced by aphidicolin represent a new class of fragile sites which we term common fragile sites.
Aphidicolin↗
Chromosome analysis in hematologic disorders. The leukemias.
For two decades, cytogenetic studies have been used to rule in (or out) the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome associated with chronic myeloid leukemia. Beyond this single purpose, chromosome studies have generally not been utilized in or applied to the practice of hematology-oncology. This report presents male and female patients, teens to 70s in age, with representative hematologic disorders, in whom the cytogenetic findings were useful clinically. These cases illustrate the following principles: (1) hematologic disorders can be characterized by chromosome analysis; (2) chromosome findings help in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of blood diseases; (3) blood and bone marrow samples can be processed routinely for cytogenetic analysis; (4) these samples can be transported long distances from clinic to laboratory; and (5) the contemporary practice of hematology and oncology requires chromosome analysis for fuller evaluation and understanding of hematologic conditions.
Adult↗
Direct prenatal chromosome diagnosis of a malignancy.
A fetal tumor was suspected at 31 weeks of gestation. The occurrence of polyhydramnios led to an ultrasound examination, which revealed deformation of the fetal head, face, eye, and neck. This was confirmed by computerized tomography. Amniocentesis yielded cells with an inverted duplication of chromosome #1. This abnormality of chromosome #1 marked the malignant teratoma cells in the amniotic fluid. Cytogenetic analysis of tumor tissue and of normal tissue obtained postnatally confirmed that the abnormality of chromosome #1 observed in amniotic fluid cells was confined to the tumor. The constitutional karyotype was normal. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the direct chromosomal detection of malignancy before birth.
Adult↗
[Single-dose versus 5-day cotrimoxazole therapy in acute symptomatic urinary tract infections in the female. A prospective randomized study].
In a prospective trial, 67 women (outpatients and inpatients) with acute symptomatic infection of the lower urinary tract were randomly selected to receive either a single dose of oral co-trimoxazole or conventional five-day therapy with the same drug. Diagnostic and bacteriological problems were investigated. Both regimens showed similar effectiveness with 91% (five-day therapy) and 100% (single-dose therapy) clinical and bacteriological cure. There were no co-trimoxazole-resistant species in vitro and no therapy side effects. As in other studies, we found that in more than one-third of the cases enterococcus was the responsible bacteria for the infection. This is an important finding because of its resistance to cephalosporins.
Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
Thin-layer chromatography search for Disperse Yellow 3 and Disperse Orange 3 in 52 stockings and pantyhose.
Thin-layer (uni-dimensional and bi-dimensional) chromatography studies were performed on 52 beige stockings and pantyhose from different countries. They demonstrated the presence of Disperse Yellow 3 in 51 and Disperse Orange 3 in 15 stockings. In the absence of isolation and spectroscopic identification of the dyes, these results are strong clues to their presence.
Azo Compounds↗
[Ultrasound in the study of fetoplacental circulation].
Exploration of fetal vessels is performed with a duplex system which combines a real-time linear imaging system 3.5 MHz and a pulsed Doppler (2.5 MHz). The transducers of the imaging and Doppler systems are associated in the same probe. Umbilical and aortic circulation have been investigated on 100 pregnancies. The umbilical artery Doppler spectrum shows an important diastolic flow which increases all along the pregnancy. A decrease of this flow occurs when the placental circulatory resistances increase. In case of severe hypertension one can note a decrease or the disappearance of the diastolic flow related to the existence of vascular placental defects (infarctus). This was observed in pathological pregnancies with hypotrophy or fetal death. The placental resistances can be quantified with the Pourcelot index R = A - D divided by A, where A is the maximum systolic amplitude and D the maximum end diastolic amplitude, both measured on the umbilical artery spectrum. Fetal blood flow measurements were performed with the same device. The mean value of the blood flow is about 170 ml/min/kg in the aorta and 120 ml/min/kg in the umbilical arteries at the end of the pregnancy. The possibility to record simultaneously fetal aorta and inferior vena cava enable us to detect abnormal heart rate such as the atrioventricular block.
Aorta↗
[Cesarean section preceding the 34th week of amenorrhea: maternal and fetal repercussions at the western university hospitals. Regional survey or 383 cesarean sections and 436 newborn infants out of 86,116 births in 5 years].
This statistical enquiry carried out in a region of France by the University Hospital Services in Obstetrics and voluntarily devoid of bibliographical references, deals with a group that are particularly pathological and thus probably explains the seriousness of the prognosis for the newborn and the frequency of maternal morbidity following these early operations. 15% of serious maternal complications with severe neonatal pathology which was often heavy and responsible for the death of the fetus in 22.4% of the cases and the late sequelae in the newborn in more than 10% of cases, mad it important to seek for the inevitable link between the pathology and the length of gestation at the time of the operation. Only one in three children were alive without any sequelae after Caesarean carried out between 28 and 31 weeks, but more than 80% were alive when the operation was performed at 34 weeks. In view of these findings the authors suggest that each case should be considered very carefully before early Caesarean section is carried out, both from the advantages and disadvantages of this means of delivery for the baby as well as for the mother. Caesarean section before 30 weeks of amenorrhoea on an infant with an estimated weight of less than 1 000 grams is seldom to be recommended in view of the poor results for the newborn and in the absence of severe maternal pathology which requires immediate evacuation of the uterus. In view of the poor statistical results that have been analysed, early Caesarean section for fetal pathology and particularly for fetal distress when there is no adequate sophisticated means of resuscitating the baby should be lowered to the minimum possible figure. The comparative study of the notes shows that pathological conditions apparently similar to one another lead to occasions for carrying out very early Caesarean section, and also show that the outlook is different from the point of view of the immediate prognosis and a late prognosis for the newborn infant in view of the delay that has occurred before extracting the baby and of the facilities available to resuscitate the baby.
Academic Medical Centers↗
[Exstrophy of the bladder and pregnancy].
Two patients with bladder extrophy who had been operated on during infancy (the one by reconstruction of the bladder and the other by Coffey's operation) had delivered by Caesarean section, in the one patient of one child and in the other of two normal children. They formed the basis of this study. Vesical extrophy or ectopia vesicae is a rare malformation (in 1/40 000 to 1/50 000 births). It occurs most often in male children. It can be associated with genital, urological and orthopaedic malformations. The principal complications that can occur in pregnancy are urinary tract infections, prematurity, malpresentations and genital prolapse. As far as the urological side is concerned the complications are of ureteric stones, metabolic troubles, stenosis or obstruction of the uretero-sigmoid anastomosis following Coffey's operation, and ileal prolapse if Bricker's operation had been undertaken. The ways in which the babies should be delivered are discussed, as are the risks of this malformation recurring in children who are born to mothers with vesical extrophy.
Adult↗
[Obstruction with a biological adhesive of a bronchopleural fistula following pneumonectomy].
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Adhesives↗
[Peroperative contamination due to Staphylococcus aureus and the functioning of ventilation in an operating room].
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Humans↗
Detection of cell surface antigen in cancer of renal pelvis and ureter.
Thirty-five patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis or ureter of all stages and grades were studied for presence or absence of ABO(H) antigens utilizing an improved technique for staining and preserving the slides. Seventy per cent of the grade I tumors retained their antigens. Patients with antigen present had a longer duration of disease-free interval. Specific red cell adherence (SRCA) may predict the clinical course of patients with low-stage, low-grade transitional cell carcinomas and may be helpful in selecting patients for optimal therapy.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
Position effect in translocation (2;8) in acute lymphocytic leukemia with kappa light chain immunoglobulin expression.
We report a correlation between t(2;8) translocation in acute lymphocytic leukemia and kappa light chain immunoglobulin production. Since the kappa chain genes are on chromosome #2, this, as well as data on Burkitt lymphoma, points to the possibility of position effect on the level of gene action. Chromosome #2 in the translocation together with chromosome #8 is concerned with malignancy, while the normal homologous chromosome #2 transcribes kappa chains. This model applies to B cell leukemias and lymphomas with changes in chromosome #2 which will predictably express kappa chains. The model also applies to B-cell malignancies with changes in chromosome #22 which will predictably express lambda chains.
Aged↗
Fibrous histiocytoma cell line: chromosome studies of mouse and man.
A human cell line isolated from a lung metastasis of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma was studied chromosomally. The cell line had a modal chromosome number of 59 with multiple numerical and morphologic chromosome changes and marker chromosomes. A putative clone from this cell line had a modal number of 41 with exclusively acrocentric chromosomes and was clearly not human but mouse in origin.
Animals↗