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Biomedical subjects

C Benton

Publications and source records attributed to C Benton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Imaging of congenital anomalies of the temporal bone.

This article briefly presents the embryology of the ear and discusses the external auditory canal and middle ear, including first branchial cleft anomalies, external auditory canal atresia and stenoses, congenital cholesteatoma, and congenital teratoma. Topics related to the labyrinths include aplasia, the common-chamber anomaly, the pseudo-Mondini and Mondini malformations, semicircular canal dysplasia, and the large vestibular aqueduct. Vascular malformations and variations also are presented, including the absent and aberrant internal carotid artery, the persistent stapedial artery, and high jugular bulb; cerebrospinal fluid and perilymph fistulas are the subjects of the final section.

Branchial Region↗
PubMed1999

A multi-differential neuromorphic approach to motion detection.

This paper presents a multi-differential neuromorphic approach to motion detection. The model is based evidence for a differential operators interpretation of the properties of the cortical motion pathway. We discuss how this strategy, which provides a robust measure of speed for a range of types of image motion using a single computational mechanism, forms a useful framework in which to develop future neuromorphic motion systems. We also discuss both our approaches to developing computational motion models, and constraints in the design strategy for transferring motion models to other domains of early visual processing.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Human papillomaviruses are commonly found in normal skin of immunocompetent hosts.

We have previously demonstrated, by the combined application of two degenerate polymerase chain reaction primer sets, the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in 91% of cutaneous squamous cell cancers from renal allograft recipients, with multiple types being present in one-third of these tumors. Five HPV types--HPV 20, HPV 23, HPV 38, DL40, and DL267--accounted for 73% of positive results. These HPV types are all related to the epidermodysplasia verruciformis group, and HPV 38 was originally isolated from a melanoma. The aims of this study were to determine: (i) whether HPV DNA could readily be demonstrated in skin tumors, as well as in perilesional skin, of immunocompetent patients using two polymerase chain reaction primer sets; (ii) the prevalence of infections in normal skin; and (iii) the prevalence of HPV 38 or HPV 38 related viruses in melanoma. The HPV types detected in lesions from renal allograft recipient were present not only in the perilesional skin and tumors of immunocompetent patients, but also in 35% of normal skin biopsies. HPV DNA was present in 13% of the melanoma samples, but none harbored HPV 38 DNA. We identified four putatively new HPV types. Infections with different types of human papillomavirus are widespread and often occur in clinically normal skin. In vitro studies are required to determine the specific molecular mechanisms by which these HPV types may be involved in the etiology of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The evaluation of ear canal, middle ear, temporal bone, and cerebellopontine angle masses in infants, children, and adolescents.

Ear canal, middle ear, temporal bone, and CPA angle masses (except for cholesteatomas) are rare in the pediatric population. The physician needs to have a high degree of suspicion for such lesions if a child presents with ear pain unrelated to infection or otorrhea that fails to improve after treatment. A precise diagnosis needs to be made in these children and also in those with hearing loss, vertigo, and facial paralysis. The most useful imaging procedures for ear, temporal bone, and CPA masses are CT and MR imaging. With a suspected vascular lesion, a definitive diagnosis usually can be made by an imaging procedure or angiography. In all cases of mass lesions, except for some aneurysms and infections, a tissue diagnosis must be secured.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

An outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis caused by post-treatment contamination.

An outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis affecting 27 persons, diagnosed stool positive, occurred in Ayrshire in April 1988. Twenty-one in 27 confirmed cases required some form of fluid replacement therapy. Local general practitioners indicated a two- to fivefold increase in diarrhoeal disease during the outbreak, and following enquiries made by Environmental Health Officers it became apparent that many hundreds of people had suffered a diarrhoeal illness at that time. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in the treated chlorinated water supply system, in the absence of faecal bacterial indicators. Oocyst contamination of a break-pressure tank containing final water for distribution was the cause of this waterborne outbreak. An irregular seepage of oocyst-containing water, which increased during heavy rains, was the cause of the break-pressure tank contamination, rather than a failure of the water-treatment processes. The waterborne route should be considered when clusters of cryptosporidiosis-associated with potable water occur. Waterborne cryptosporidiosis can occur in the absence of other faecal indicators of contamination.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, and systemic lupus erythematosis associated with insulin receptor antibodies.

We report a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) who developed diabetes secondary to extreme insulin resistance, associated with severe hyperandrogenism and acanthosis nigricans. Her insulin resistance was found to be associated with high titers of insulin receptor antibodies. The hyperandrogenism has been favourably influenced by cyclical treatment with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol, but the insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans have remained unmodified after 15 months of follow up.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1984

Trigeminal schwannoma in a child.

A 5-year-old girl presented with headache, vomiting, flushing, ptosis, and paroxysmal tachycardia. The neurological findings were partial motor and sensory left trigeminal palsy, left conductive hearing defect, and left cerebellar deficit. The radiological and neuropathological findings were typical for trigeminal schwannoma, which is rare in childhood. The present patient is the youngest yet recorded.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

Tubular colonic duplication--review of 1876-1981 literature.

Four cases of tubular colonic duplication are reported and 53 more are reviewed from 1876-1981 literature. Eighty percent of these patients had other anomalies, most notably genital and bladder duplications. Females outnumbered the males 37 to 20. Fifty per cent of patients of either sex had some form of fistulous communication. In no one was the anomaly incompatible with life. Based on the anatomy of distal ends of duplicated colon, the patients are divided in five groups, for each of which the incidence and nature of concomitant anomalies are tabulated. Because of their anatomic complexity, most patients with colonic duplication require clinical evaluation by multiple subspecialists. We have also suggested the sequence and extent to which they should be evaluated by radiologists.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

Transvenous cardiac pacing in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Despite widespread application of cardiac pacing to a wide variety of circumstances with minimal morbidity are remarkable success, the possible role of transvenous pacing in the acute setting of cardiac resuscitation has not been adequately evaluated. The authors report their experience with the use of transvenous pacemakers in 26 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Although electrical activity was induced by pacing in nearly one-third of those whose primary disturbance was asystole, electromechanical dissociation followed and survival was not improved. Of patients in whom complete heart block or other bradycardia occurred during CPR, and in whom the rhythm disturbance was unresponsive to conventional pharmacological therapy, capture was possible in 77%, and successful resuscitation in one-third. Complications were minimal. It is concluded that transvenous cardiac pacing is beneficial in acute bradycardia developing during CPR, but no benefit in asystole was demonstrated.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗