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Biomedical subjects

C Batini

Publications and source records attributed to C Batini.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

On the fibers of the III, IV and VI cranial nerves of the cat.

The fiber content and diameter spectra of the cranial nerves III, IV and VI were analysed in cat. A semi-automatic technique of measuring fiber diameters is presented and compared to the manual method. The number of fibres was counted in the proximal part of the three main nerves and in each of their distal branches before they enter the EOM. Compared to the muscle weight, the branch to the RB had fewer fibers than all the other muscle branches. The diameter spectra of the proximal part of the three main nerves were compared with the diameter spectra of each of their distal branches. Minor differences were found among them. Only the RB had a striking difference in the spectrum which was skewed toward the large diameters.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1978

Brain stem nuclei giving fibers to lobules VI and VII of the cerebellar vermis.

The HRP method has been used to identify all the brain stem nuclei, which may project to lobule VI and/or VII of the posterior cerebellar vermis. Three tentative degrees of labeling of the different structures have been assigned: 'massive', 'clear' and 'discrete'. (1) Massive projections have been found to reach lobule VI and VII from the inferior olive and lobule VII only from the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. (2) Clear projections have been found to reach lobule VI only from the pontine nuclei, the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, the nucleus reticularis lateralis and the reticularis paramedianus; lobule VII only from the raphe nuclei, and both VI and VII from the perihypoglossal and vestibular nuclei. (3) Discrete projections have been found to reach lobule VI and VII from the deep cerebellar nuclei; lobule VI only from the nucleus tracti solitarii and nucleus cuneatus externus; lobule VII only from the nucleus lemnisci lateralis pars ventralis, the nuclei parabrachiales and the nucleus subcoeruleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Harmaline-induced tremor and cerebral activities: labeling with 14C-2-deoxyglucose in the rat].

The brain structures specifically involved in harmaline-induced tremor have been identified in the Rat by using the 14C-2-deoxyglucose marking Method. The results obtained in an animal treated with tremogenic doses of harmaline, but immobilized with Faxedil, have been compared with those of another animal, not treated, but submitted to the same experimental procedure. The most specifically marked structure was the inferior olive. Secondarily marked structures were the posterior part of the lateral reticular formation, the caudato-putamen area and the prefrontal and frontal cortex.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1977

[Interaction between visual activation and proprioceptive activation in neurons of the superior colliculus].

Units located in the superficial and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus are activated by proprioceptive stimulation of the extraocular muscle nerves as well as by specific visual stimuli. Units of the deep layer of the colliculus, not sensitive to visual activation, are inhibited by proprioceptive stimulation. A few of the units showed interaction between the two types of stimulation, the proprioceptive response appearing only when spontaneous activity was decreased by a visual stimulus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The climbing fibers of the cerebellar cortex, their origin and pathways in cat.

The sources and pathways of the climbing fibers to the cerebellar posterior vermis were studied with comibined electrophysiological and anatomical methods in cats. Recording from identified cerebellar Purkinje cells, monosynaptic climbing fiber (CF) responses have been obtained both for stimulation of the inferior olive (IO) and various parts of the brain stem (BS). CF responses were found to of three types, IO only, BS only or both IO and BS. However the responses to BS stimulation were very few in number in comparison with IO or IO and BS types of responses. The latencies of the responses were shorter for the BS cases consistent with their distance from the cerebellum. A comparison of latencies and the relative responsiveness of the different area of the brain stem which were studied, indicate that part of the CF ascend through the pontine region and enter the cerebellum by way of the medium and superior penduncles. This finding is confirmed by the results of anatomical studies in which degenerating fibers were found in the molecular layer (using the Nauta technique) after lesion of the brachium pontis but not after lesions of the medial portion of the pons. Similarly, injection of radioactive leucine into the pontine nuclei failed to show any labeled fibers in the molecular layer. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into localized regions of the posterior vermis after total bilateral destruction of the inferior peduncles. Large numbers of positive, marked cells were still found in the inferior olive. It is concluded that nearly all, if not all, the climbing fibers originate in the inferior olive and that they ascend to the cerebellum by way of all the peduncles.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1976

Horseradish peroxidase localization of masticatory muscle motoneurons in cat.

Horseradish peroxidase has been injected into individual masticatory muscles in young and adult cats in order to determine the topography of the corresponding groups of motoneurons in the motor nucleus of the Vth nerve. The results obtained show a clear dorsoventral somatotopic distribution; the superior muscles have their motoneurons located dorsally in the nucleus and the inferior muscles ventrally; the two main jaw closers, temporalis and masseter, are represented in the dorsal and central parts of the nucleus; located more ventrally are the motoneurons for the pterygoideus medialis and lateralis, the jaw closers and abductor muscles; finally motoneurons for the jaw openers, and the anterior belly of the digastricus and mylohyoideus, occupy the ventromedial part of the nucleus. All muscles have been found to be represented along the entire length of the nucleus, with the same dorsoventral layering.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Trigeminal representations of the masticatory and extraocular proprioceptors as revealed by horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport.

Horseradish peroxidase has been injected in the masticatory and extraocular muscles in newborn and adult cats to identify the cells of origin for the muscle endings. Labeled motoneurons in the nuclei of the III, IV, V and VI nerves have been observed. They are the parent cells of the motor terminals taking up the enzyme in the muscle injected. Labeled ganglionic cells have been found scattered all along the ipsilateral mesencephalic nucleus of the V nerve after injection of both the jaw closing and the jaw opening muscles. Labeled cells have also been found in the ipsilateral caudal part of the same nucleus after injection of the extraocular muscles. These results are interpreted as due to enzyme uptake by the sensory endings of the muscle studied. Moreover cell bodies in the semilunar ganglion were found marked for both groups of muscles injected showing a second ganglionic representation for the sensory endings.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Uptake and transport of exogenous peroxidase in the masticatory muscles of the cat. Localization of motor neurons].

In the present work, a topographical localization of masticatory muscle motoneurons was undertaken. Horseradish peroxydase injected in each muscle can be transported in the retrograde direction to the corresponding motoneurons cell bodies. Jaw-closing muscle motoneurons were identified in the dorsal part of the motor trigeminal nucleus whereas jaw-opening muscle motoneurons were observed in the ventro-medial region.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Uptake and transport of exogenous peroxidase in the masticatory muscles of cats. Localization of ganglionic neurons].

Retrograde axonal transport of Horseradish peroxydase (HRP) has been used to trace the cells of origin of proprioceptive fibers in jaw-closing and jaw-opening muscles. After injection of HRP in young cats' masticatory muscles (masseteric, temporal, pterygoid, mylohyoid and digastric) labelled neurons were found in the ipsilateral semi-lunar ganglion and trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus. It is concluded that sensory endings are present in jaw-opening as in jaw-closing muscles; possibly the afferent fibers from muscle endings of the opener muscles have their somata in the mesencephalic nucleus, afferent fibers from tendinous receptors in the semi-lunar ganglion.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Mesencephalic porjections of the rectus lateralis muscle afferents in the cat.

Responses to passive stretch applied to the rectus lateralis muscle (RL) were recorded with a microelectrode from the mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve (Mes V) in cat encéphale isolé preparation. The necessary conditions to attribute the unit response to an eye muscle stretch are the followings: i) respond neither to jaw movements nor to pressure applied to the eye ball: ii) be activated with a short latency, following stretch of the eye muscles; iii) be excited by a light touch applied to a small area of one eye with a glass rod. The characteristics of the Mes V responses following stretch of the eye muscle are similar to those obtained in a primary afferent fibre from a skeletal muscle. Horseradish peroxidase was injected in the RL muscle of young and adult cats. As a consequence of fast retrograde axonal transport, the tracer was found to accumulate in the corresponding motoneurones of the VI nucleus. In addition, the enzymes accumulation was also found in cells of Mes V corresponding to the somata of RL sensory terminals. Units responding to RL stretchs, and primary sensory neurons labelled by the tracer, were found in the same area of Mes V.

Animals↗