Vitamin A and infant immunity.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
C Bates
Publications and source records attributed to C Bates.
Antibody capture haemadherence tests for parvovirus B19-specific IgM and IgG.
In the absence of serum inhibitor human parvovirus B19 agglutinates primate red cells. Agglutination of baboon erythrocytes by inhibitor free baculovirus expressed VP1/VP2 proteins of B19 virus was enhanced by low pH. To avoid interference from inhibitor(s) present in serum specimens microtitre tests with an antibody capture configuration were designed and optimised. Antigen binding was demonstrated by the adherence of baboon erythrocytes. These tests (MACHAT, GACHAT) detected IgM or IgG anti-B19 in 1032 serum specimens with an overall sensitivity of 99%, specificity of 98.2% and positive predictive value of 96.8% with reference to the radioimmunoassays currently in diagnostic use. MACHAT and GACHAT are straightforward, and well suited to large scale research and seroepidemiological investigations. They are without the risks from infectious antigen and radiation associated with existing radioimmunoassays and allow the phenomenon of B19 virus haemagglutination to be put to practical advantage.
Adolescent↗
The perception of identity by 6 1/2-month-old infants.
In Study 1, sixteen 6 1/2-month-olds were habituated to a Reversible stimulus (an upright face that could be perceived as an entirely different upright face when it was rotated 180 degrees) and to a Nonreversible stimulus (a face that could be perceived as upright in only one orientation). Following habituation for each type of stimulus, test trials paired the habituated face with a novel stimulus (an inversion of the same face). For both Reversible and Nonreversible stimuli, the physical difference between the old and new test stimuli was the same (a 180 degrees rotation); however, infants devoted more visual attention to the 180 degrees rotation only when it was a Reversible face, suggesting that the identity change was detected. Experiment 2 ruled out the explanation that infants might have failed to dishabituate to the inversion of the Nonreversible stimulus because they could not remember it. Results are interpreted as evidence that 6 1/2-month-old infants are not limited to face recognition based on similarity in pattern arrangement alone, but are capable of processing faces at a representational level.
Attention↗
Fatty acids in plasma phospholipids and cholesterol esters from identical twins concordant and discordant for schizophrenia.
The fatty acid compositions of plasma phospholipids and cholesterol esters were measured in 18 pairs of twins discordant for schizophrenia and 20 pairs concordant for schizophrenia. In the twins discordant for schizophrenia the only significant abnormalities were elevations of adrenic (22:4n-6) and docosapentaenoic (22:5n-6) acids in the schizophrenic twins. These fatty acids have also recently been reported to be elevated in brains from schizophrenics. The twins concordant for schizophrenia showed many differences from the normal discordant twins. 22:4n-6 and 22:5n-6 were even more abnormal than in the schizophrenic discordant twins. In addition, linoleic acid was significantly reduced, an abnormality which has been found consistently in other schizophrenic populations. These observations are consistent with the concept that unsaturated fat metabolism may be abnormal in schizophrenia.
Adult↗
Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (adenoma malignum) of the endocervix: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study of two cases.
The histopathological diagnosis of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (adenoma malignum) of the endocervix may be difficult. Two cases of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) were examined using mucin histochemistry and immunocytochemistry with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigens (HMFG1, Ep1), low-molecular-weight cytokeratins (CAM 5.2), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and alpha-amylase. The results were compared with those for normal endocervical glands. Reactivity for CEA in MDA was focal and would be unreliable for biopsy diagnosis. Both cases of MDA contained abundant neutral mucins and sialomucins, whereas sulfomucins were rarely detected; this pattern contrasted with that of normal endocervix. Neoplastic glandular epithelial cells in MDA consistently showed both luminal and cytoplasmic reactivity with Ep1 and HMFG1, whereas normal cervix showed luminal labeling only. Thus, mucin histochemistry and immunohistochemical detection of epithelial membrane antigens may distinguish between extremely well differentiated neoplastic glands in MDA and normal endocervical glands, and hence may aid diagnosis in biopsy specimens.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Neutron lifetime measured with stored ultracold neutrons.
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Journal Article↗
Essential fatty acids in plasma phospholipids in schizophrenics.
Blood samples were taken from schizophrenics and control patients in three different centers. The phospholipids were extracted from plasma and their fatty acid composition analyzed. Similar and consistent differences between schizophrenics and controls were observed at all three centers. The n-6 essential fatty acid levels were significantly reduced, whereas n-3 essential fatty acids were elevated.
Adult↗
Computer aided diagnosis of acute abdominal pain at Middlesbrough General Hospital.
This presentation reports the experience of the surgical house staff and registrars at Middlesbrough General Hospital who used a desk-top computer system to support their clinical diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. The results cover a two year period and are compared with a baseline period of one year. Substantial benefits followed the introduction of the computer-aided diagnostic support system; increased diagnostic accuracy of the whole surgical team, reduction in negative laparotomy rates, earlier surgical intervention for acute appendicitis, reduction in the number of cases of perforated appendicitis and more efficient use of resources. The reasons for these improvements include more thorough collection of data, use of common terminology and an educational element provided by detailed feedback from the computer system.
Abdomen, Acute↗
Plasma essential fatty acids in pure and mixed race American Indians on and off a diet exceptionally rich in salmon.
Eskimos on a traditional diet have unusually low prevalences of cardiovascular disease and cancer. One possible reason is the high intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) which is thought to account for the high EPA and low arachidonic acid (AA) levels in Eskimo plasma. People who also consume a traditional diet exceptionally rich in EPA are the Indians of the west coast of Vancouver Island. There are about 12,000 of these people and their traditional diet has been affected much less than that of the Eskimos. When on their traditional diet the Vancouver Island Indians, like the Eskimos, have high EPA and low AA levels in plasma. When eating European food, EPA levels are in the European range, but AA levels are still exceptionally low, a finding also reported from Eskimos living in Denmark. In a small mixed race group, AA levels were intermediate between those in pure Indians and in Europeans. The high EPA levels in Eskimos and West Coast Indians are related to diet. The low AA levels, in contrast, are probably genetically determined. Unusual disease patterns in these populations cannot be entirely attributed to diet.
Adult↗
Transient riboflavin depletion in preterm infants.
Biochemical riboflavin status was measured in 68 preterm infants who were receiving either human milk or a preterm infant formula (containing riboflavin, 1.8 mg/l) during the first few weeks of life. The relation between riboflavin status, type of diet, and time of introduction of a multivitamin supplement containing riboflavin was analysed and the duration of phototherapy was recorded. Those who received the multivitamin supplement on or before day 7 of life seldom became deficient and no significant difference between diets was seen in this group. Of those who received the supplement after day 7, human milk fed infants commonly developed abnormal riboflavin status (18 out of 23 infants) compared with a small and significantly lower incidence in the formula fed group. Dietary effects on riboflavin status seemed to outweigh in importance those of phototherapy. It is concluded that the riboflavin content of human milk, which may be lowered by photodegradation, is not sufficient to ensure normal biochemical status in preterm infants. The larger amounts provided by a multivitamin supplement or by a preterm infant formula may, however, prevent biochemical deficiency. The desirability (and safety) of routine riboflavin supplementation of preterm infants is discussed.
Age Factors↗
The significance of intraduct appearances in breast cancer.
Metastatic mammary carcinomas in axillary nodes have been found to show histological appearances indistinguishable from intraduct carcinoma in breast. Since invasive breast carcinoma may mimic intraductal growth, some cases of breast cancer diagnosed histologically as intraduct carcinoma may in reality be invasive.
Axilla↗
Intramucosal carcinoma of the gastric antrum complicating Menetrier's disease.
A 48-year-old man presented with haematemesis and was found to have Menetrier's disease. Three and a half years later early gastric cancer was detected at routine follow-up endoscopy. This is the first report of the development of early gastric cancer during follow-up in a case of Menetrier's disease. It is probable that patients with Menetrier's disease are at increased risk of gastric cancer, and should have regular endoscopic follow-up with gastric biopsy.
Gastric Mucosa↗
Excretion of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and n1-methylnicotinamide in advanced cancer patients.
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Aged↗
Development of design standards for ground support consoles. AMRL-TR-65-163.
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Aviation↗
Relationship of Campylobacter isolated from poultry and from darkling beetles in New Zealand.
Campylobacter, a foodborne pathogen closely associated with poultry, is considered to be an important agent of human gastroenteritis in New Zealand. The pathways involved in the contamination of poultry flocks remain unclear; however, many vectors, such as insects, rodents, and wild birds, have been implicated. Infestation of poultry houses by insects, particularly darkling beetles (Alphitobius diaperinus), is difficult to control. Furthermore, darkling beetles are known vectors for a variety of pathogens that include Salmonella, infectious bursal disease virus, Aspergillus, Escherichia coli, and Marek's disease virus. In this investigation, the relationship between darkling beetles and Campylobacter contamination of poultry flocks was investigated. A New Zealand breeder flock and four of its progeny broiler flocks were included in the study. Samples of beetles and of intestinal excreta of the birds were cultured for the presence of Campylobacter spp. A subset of the recovered isolates was subsequently genotyped using flaA short variable region (SVR) DNA sequence analysis. A large number of Campylobacter subtypes were isolated, indicating that Campylobacter colonization of poultry is likely to arise from a number of different reservoirs. However, a set of genetically distinct isolates were found to be common to the broiler flocks and to the beetles. This research provides data that indicates that Alphitobius diaperinus may serve as a source of Campylobacter contamination of poultry. A more thorough understanding of the relationship between beetle infestation and the Campylobacter status of poultry flocks should enable progress in further development of biosecurity control measures.
Animals↗