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Biomedical subjects

C Bartlett

Publications and source records attributed to C Bartlett.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

An assessment of selective surveillance methods for detecting hospital-acquired infection.

Three selective surveillance methods were compared to a reference method in their ability to detect hospital-acquired infection (HAI) in patients occupying 122 beds of a district general hospital. The time for data collection was also assessed. The selective methods consisted of: (a) ward liaison surveillance (WLS), conferring with nursing staff twice weekly to determine patients with infections; (b) risk factor surveillance (RFS), the follow-up of patients with "clues" that indicated a risk of infection; and (c) laboratory-based ward liaison surveillance (LBWLS), the follow-up of positive microbiology reports by reviewing case records, in addition to conferring with nursing staff. The reference method consisted of total continuous clinical surveillance and the review of laboratory reports. During the 11-month period of the study, the reference method identified 306 HAI in 3,326 patients. LBWLS identified 71%, WLS 58%, and RFS 49% of HAI. The time for data collection (per week) was 7.75 hours for LBWLS, 4.3 hours for WLS, and 7.9 for RFS. In the United Kingdom, LBWLS was concluded to be an effective method of surveillance.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1991

Transgenic expression of a variant of human tissue-type plasminogen activator in goat milk: purification and characterization of the recombinant enzyme.

A glycosylation variant of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) designated longer-acting tissue-type plasminogen activator (LAtPA) was extensively purified from the milk of a transgenic goat by a combination of acid fractionation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and immunoaffinity chromatography. This scheme provided greater than 8,000-fold purification of the protein, a cumulative yield of 25% and purity greater than 98% as judged by SDS gel electrophoresis. SDS gel electrophoresis revealed that the transgenic enzyme was predominantly the "two chain" form of the protease. The specific activity of the purified transgenic protein, based on the average of the values obtained for three different preparations, was 610,000 U/mg as judged by amidolytic activity assay. This was approximately 84% of the value observed for the recombinant enzyme produced in mouse C127 cells. Analysis of the transgenic protein indicated that it had a significantly different carbohydrate composition from the recombinant enzyme produced in C127 cells. Molecular size analysis of the oligosaccharides from the transgenic and C127 cell-derived LAtPA preparations confirmed their differences and showed that the mouse cell-derived preparation contained larger, complex-type N-linked oligosaccharide structures than the material produced in goat mammary tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The motor disorders of mental handicap. An overlap with the motor disorders of severe psychiatric illness.

Among 236 in-patients in one hospital for the mentally handicapped, there was a significant relationship between the amount of motor disorder (rated using a comprehensive check-list) and the severity of mental handicap, the presence of associated psychiatric disorder and the use of neuroleptic medication. The population was fairly evenly divided between those currently, previously and never having received neuroleptic medication. All categories of motor disorder, including abnormal movements, were present in all three subgroups. Neuroleptic medication appeared to modify the expression of motor disorder rather than producing it de novo. The range and frequency of motor disorders was comparable with that in patients with severe psychiatric illness. A common cerebral basis for the motor disorders of patients with mental handicap and severe psychiatric illness is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Immunochemical differentiation of highly conserved forms of myelin proteolipid.

1. Myelin proteolipid proteins (PLPs) from five animal species were compared immunochemically. In direct electroblot, ELISA or immunodot analyses, anti-bovine PLP antiserum reacted similarly with bovine, guinea-pig, human, mouse and rat myelin PLP. In contrast, antiserum to bovine BPS4, a fragment obtained by chemical cleavage of bovine PLP, reacted strongly only with the bovine protein. 2. In comparable competitive assays in which antisera were preincubated with PLP from different species prior to reaction with bovine PLP, only preincubation with bovine PLP removed the antibody effectively; PLP from other species competed poorly. 3. The deduced primary structure of human, mouse and rat PLP from their cDNA indicates sequence identity. However, these sequences differ from bovine PLP at four residues, two of them within the BPS4 region. The results suggest that, while anti-PLP antiserum fails to differentiate heterologous from homologous antigen, anti-fragment antiserum can be useful for determining structural relatedness of proteins, especially when used in competitive assays.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Preparation and characterization of unilamellar myelin vesicles.

Myelin vesicles have been obtained from isolated rat brain myelin and shown by electron microscopy to consist of single bilayer membranes. The yield of the preparation is approximately 25% of the myelin proteins. The vesicles show a typical myelin protein pattern on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and contain activity for the myelin marker enzyme, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphohydrolase (CNPase). The preparation consists of both inside-out and right-side-out vesicles, and the proportion in each orientation varies from one preparation to another. The occurrence of two populations is demonstrated by the observation that hypotonically lysed vesicles compete to a greater extent than intact vesicles in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with myelin basic protein antiserum. In addition, only a portion of the CNPase activity of the vesicles is trypsin-sensitive and detectable in the absence of detergent; the remaining, trypsin-insensitive activity is present in detergent-disrupted membranes. Thus, there are vesicle populations in which myelin basic protein and CNPase are accessible and others in which they are inaccessible. A population of uniformly oriented right-side-out vesicles has been obtained by ConA-Agarose affinity column chromatography and elution of the bound fraction with methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside. In the absence of detergent, less than 10% of the total CNPase activity of these vesicles can be demonstrated, suggesting that the active site of CNPase is opposite to that of the ConA binding site and, therefore, appears to be on the cytoplasmic face of the myelin membrane.

2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'-Phosphodiesterase↗
PubMed1986

[A filaria of African Muridae in the wall of the colon: Monanema martini n. sp].

Description of M. martini n. sp. (= M. nilotica El Bihari et al., 1977 sensu Bain et coll., 1985), a parasite of Arvicanthis niloticus from Mali. The natural host is Arvicanthis niloticus from Mali; the description is based on material from experimentally infected laboratory-bred rodents (holotype from A. niloticus; other specimens from Lemniscomys striatus). Like other related species the microfilariae of M. martini are said to be "skin dwelling" (in fact they are in cutaneous lymphatic vessels). The main characteristic feature of this new species is the localization of the adults in the lymphatic vessels of the colon.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Rapid recovery from aphasia: a detailed language analysis.

The paper presents a daily analysis of the language recovery of a patient who was globally aphasic at the time of her first observation and who had recovered language, as measured by the Western Aphasia Battery, at the time of her discharge 14 days later. The paper emphasizes the relatively regular growth of normal syntactic, lexical, and pragmatic features coupled with similar regular decreases in aphasic features. Observations of both phenomena are necessary to describe language recovery.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of lumbar spine bone mineral: a comparison of dual photon absorptiometry and computed tomography.

A comparison of computed tomography (CT) and dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) in the measurement of spinal bone mineral was made in 44 subjects of whom 26 had vertebral crush fractures. Although CT measures only trabecular bone within the vertebral body whilst DPA measures the whole vertebral segment, a good correlation was observed (r = 0.80) when these quantities were expressed in dimensionally similar units. Trabecular bone in the distal radius measured by CT correlated less well with vertebral CT (r = 0.65). Cortical bone in the radius correlated poorly with the spinal DPA measurement (r = 0.38).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Acute interstitial nephritis complicating Legionnaires' Disease.

An acute interstitial nephritis was found in a patient with sudden renal failure and lung infection caused by Legionella pneumophilia. Our patient regained and maintained normal renal function after a short period of dialysis support. The diagnosis should be considered in any patient with a chest infection complicated by acute renal failure especially if confusion is disproportionate to the degree of uremia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using the Functional Independence Measure instrument to predict stroke rehabilitation outcomes.

The purpose of the study described in this article was to identify the factors that have an impact on stroke patients' discharge destination. Two hundred thirty-four stroke patients admitted to a rehabilitation facility over a 2-year period were examined. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) data were used to examine functional status, demographic characteristics, and the discharge destination of patients admitted to the facility's program. The relationship between patients' FIM scores at discharge and their discharge locations was analyzed using the chi-square statistic. The results showed that a discharge FIM score of 80 or above had a high specificity and sensitivity with patients' discharge to their homes. In addition, outliers were analyzed, and the results showed that family members of only 20% of the patients who were discharged to their homes were working, in contrast to 65% of the family members of patients who were discharged to a skilled nursing facility. The availability of a nonworking family member and the ability of a family to provide supervision and physical assistance were more likely to be factors related to discharge of patients to their homes. Ninety percent of the families of patients discharged to their homes were able to provide supervision and to provide physical assistance. Thus, both functional status and social factors, such as family availability and support, are critical elements in predicting the discharge destination of this patient population.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Structure-based design and solid-phase parallel synthesis of phosphorylated nonpeptides to explore hydrophobic binding at the Src SH2 domain.

Using a novel, solid-phase parallel synthetic route and a computational docking program, a series of phosphorylated nonpeptides were generated to determine their structure-activity relationships (SAR) for binding at the SH2 domain of pp60src (Src). A functionalized benzoic acid intermediate was attached to solid support via Rink amide linkage, which upon acid cleavage generated the desired benzamide template-based nonpeptides in a facile manner. Compounds were synthesized using a combination of solid- and solution-phase techniques. Purification using reversed-phase, semipreparative HPLC allowed for quantitative SAR studies. Specifically, this work focused on functional group modifications, in a parallel fashion, designed to explore hydrophobic binding at the pY+3 pocket of the Src SH2 domain.

Benzamides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multicenter study of gadopentetate dimeglumine as an MR contrast agent: evaluation in patients with spinal tumors.

In an open-label, multicenter study, the efficacy and safety of gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.1 mmol/kg) administered IV as an MR imaging contrast agent were evaluated in 113 patients with symptoms of spinal tumors. The examinations were performed with a variety of imagers at different field strengths. Scans with short and long TRs were obtained in all patients before and after IV administration of the contrast medium. Contrast enhancement was seen in 77% of patients. No enhancement was seen in 23%, but this absence was useful diagnostic information in all cases. In 66% of the cases, additional information regarding location, size, configuration, and/or characterization of the lesion was obtained from postcontrast scans. The investigators made a change from referral diagnosis to postinjection diagnosis in 30% of the cases. Postinjection images provided additional information in 96% (43/45) of intradural extramedullary and intramedullary tumors; it also provided additional information in 20 (53%) of 38 cases of extradural tumor. Gadopentetate dimeglumine demonstrated a high level of safety and tolerance, as evidenced by the lack of clinically significant trends toward abnormal changes from baseline evaluations for physical and neurologic examinations, vital signs, and hematologic and blood chemistry parameters and by the low prevalence and mild nature of adverse reactions. Gadopentetate dimeglumine was found to be efficacious in the evaluation of suspected spinal tumors. High levels of safety and tolerance were demonstrated.

Adult↗