Anticardiolipin antibody titers in patients with myocardial infarction.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
C Barry
Publications and source records attributed to C Barry.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis--a comparison with plain film radiographs.
Conventional radiography lacks sensitivity in early rheumatoid disease. MRI with its advantages of soft tissue discrimination and multiplanar imaging facility might detect earlier disease. This study compares the MR images and conventional radiographs of 11 rheumatoid patients' wrists and carpi. In all cases, erosions were more extensive and numerous on the MR images compared to plain radiographs. MR is useful in detecting early aggressive disease and in monitoring the response to treatments.
Adult↗
Intracellular pH in the OK cell. I. Identification of H+ conductance and observations on buffering capacity.
The regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) in the opossum kidney (OK) cell line was studied in vitro using the pH-sensitive excitation ratio of 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. Recovery from an NH4Cl acid load disclosed a Na-dependent component blocked by amiloride and a smaller Na-independent component. The Na-independent recovery rate was proportional to the H+ gradient from cell to buffer and was zero in the absence of an electrochemical gradient. The Na-independent recovery was not affected by N-ethylmaleimide, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, HCO3, phloretin, or ZnCl2 but was accelerated in depolarized cells and by membrane-fluidizing drugs and was inhibited by glutaraldehyde. The apparent cellular buffering capacity changed in proportion to this H+ conductance. Consistent with an electrogenic H+ leak, steady-state cell pH alkalinized with depolarization and acidified with hyperpolarization. Removal of buffer Na+ produced a profound acidification, as did amiloride. In 0-Na+ buffers, extremely large cell-to-buffer H+ gradients were present and proportional to buffer pH. 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid had no effect on steady-state pHi. Measurements of intracellular buffering capacity were derived from the change of cell pH induced by withdrawing NH4Cl. This buffering capacity was increased threefold in Na-free buffers, whereas the value measured by direct titration of cell lysate was the same or less than that of control cells. The NH4Cl-derived buffering capacity varied in direct proportion to the magnitude of the H+ leak. Drugs that changed H+ permeability produced the apparent changes of the measured buffering capacity within a few minutes. We conclude that, in HCO3-free buffer, the OK cell uses two membrane acid-base transport pathways: a Na-H antiporter active at physiological pH and a substantial passive H+ conductance. The results also reveal that the NH4Cl-derived buffering capacity is subject to artifacts, possibly due to a finite leak of ionic NH4+.
Amiloride↗
Skeletal tuberculosis.
Skeletal tuberculosis is an uncommon form of tuberculosis. During the period 1977-87, the number of cases diagnosed in two Dublin hospitals has remained at a constant level. The present study reports on 36 adults with skeletal tuberculosis and shows more frequent extraspinal involvement than other studies. The long duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis of 10.79 (+/- 8.8) months suggests that tuberculosis is not being considered early in the course of unexplained inflammatory arthritides especially in the elderly patient. The under utilisation of the Mantoux test in diagnosis is also a matter of concern.
Adolescent↗
Cultural differences in family communication about Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
This study compared the patterns of communication and use of professional support systems of Irish and American families with sons with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Structured interviews were used with the parents of 34 Irish boys and 21 American boys attending the muscular dystrophy services of Central Remedial Clinic, Dublin, and Children's Hospital, Boston. A matched control group was interviewed in each culture to compare use of professional support systems. Difficulties in communicating about DMD with their spouses and with their affected sons were reported by significantly more Irish parents than by their American counterparts. More Irish parents had never spoken about DMD with their affected sons. American DMD families reported significantly more contact with professional support systems than did the Irish families. Factors which may contribute to these cultural differences are discussed.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Cerebral palsy: social class differences in prevalence in relation to birthweight and severity of disability.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the possible influence of social class on the prevalence of cerebral palsy. DESIGN: The study was a retrospective population based survey of all cases of cerebral palsy. SETTING: The study involved all cases of cerebral palsy born to residents in the Eastern Health Board area of the Republic of Ireland between 1976 and 1981 inclusive. PATIENTS: There were 289 cases of cerebral palsy during the study period. Thirty one were excluded because they were attributable to postneonatal brain damage, leaving 258 children for analysis. Cases with uncertain diagnosis were excluded. MAIN RESULTS: There was a clear social class gradient in the overall prevalence of cerebral palsy, also evident in the individual syndromes of hemiplegia and diplegia. No such gradient was detected in the other syndromes, either singly or in combination. Among cases of low birthweight (less than or equal to 2500 g), the prevalence was the same across the social class range after allowing for the increased low birthweight rate in the lower social class categories. Among normal birthweight cases there was a strong positive association with decreasing social class. Intrauterine growth retardation seemed to be a factor in cerebral palsy in all social class groups. Prevalence of cerebral palsy severe enough to prevent walking by the fourth birthday, but not of cases ambulant by this age, increased with socioeconomic disadvantage. CONCLUSIONS: The clear social class gradients in hemiplegia and diplegia suggest that environmental factors play an important role in the aetiology of these syndromes, but there was no evidence of a contribution from this type of factor in the remaining types of cerebral palsy.
Birth Weight↗
A comparison of two formulations of indomethacin ('Flexin Continus' tablets and 'Indocid' capsules) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
A multi-centre, double-blind, crossover study was carried out in 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis to compare the efficacy and side-effect profiles of two formulations of indomethacin. Patients were allocated at random to receive 75 mg indomethacin per day either as 1 controlled-release tablet at night or as 1 immediate-release capsule given 3-times a day for a period of 4 weeks before being crossed over to receive the alternative treatment for a further 4 weeks. Pain scores, daily symptomatology and the requirement for escape analgesia recorded by both investigator and patient indicated that controlled-release indomethacin tablets, 75 mg given at night, was as efficacous as immediate-release indomethacin capsules given 3-times daily. However, the controlled-release formulation had a superior side-effect profile with a reduced incidence of abdominal/epigastric pain compared to the immediate-release preparation.
Administration, Oral↗
Pulsed high frequency (27MHz) electromagnetic therapy for persistent neck pain. A double blind, placebo-controlled study of 20 patients.
In the majority of patients with neck pain, symptoms will resolve spontaneously or quite quickly in response to therapy. However, some patients' symptoms persist for a long period, irrespective of therapy. In this study, 20 patients with persistent (greater than 8 weeks) neck pain were enrolled in a double blind, placebo-controlled trial of low energy, pulsed electromagnetic therapy (PEMT)--a treatment previously shown to be effective in soft tissue injuries. For the first 3-week period, group A (10 patients) received active PEMT units while group B (10 patients) received facsimile placebo units. After 3 weeks, both pain (visual analogue scale (P less than .023) and range of movement (P less than .002) had improved in the group on active treatment compared to the controls. After the second 3 weeks, during which both groups used active units, there were significant improvements in observed scores for pain and range of movement in both groups. PEMT, in the form described, can be used at home easily in the treatment of patients with neck pain. It is frequently successful and without side effects.
Adult↗
The importance of standardised radiographs when assessing hip dysplasia.
The reliability of radiological criteria in the diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the hip is discussed. In a review of 20 normal infant patients the variability of the radiographic relationship between the ossific nucleus of the proximal femoral epiphysis and the acetabulum is identified. Hip arthrography in 10 patients and pathological examination of femoral heads confirm that the ossific nucleus lies superiorly within the infant femoral head and may be displaced from the true centre of the femoral head by up to 40% of it's radius. As the ossific nucleus of the capital femoral epiphysis is shown to originate eccentrically within the spherical cartilaginous anlage it is suggested that standardisation of hip radiographs is required in the routine clinical assessment of the infant hip, particularly in the presence of dysplasia.
Arthrography↗
Radiation sensitivity of glial cells in primary culture.
Primary cultures from newborn mouse brain were subjected to ionizing radiation to determine the sensitivity of galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes and A2B5-positive progenitor cells during development. The radiosensitivity or D0 of the 2 cell populations was determined by measuring the fraction of surviving cells after various doses of x-rays. When the cultures were exposed to a single dose of x-rays at 6 days, oligodendrocytes showed a D0 of 1.4 Gy, and A2B5-positive cells a D0 of 4.5 Gy. When the cultures were exposed to a single dose of x-rays at 12 days, oligodendrocytes showed a D0 of 4.4 Gy, indicating that they have become more radioresistant. Cultures exposed to a dose of 1.5 Gy and monitored from 9 h to 2 weeks after irradiation showed a reduced but constant number of galactocerebroside-positive cells at all time points. Since galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes are non-dividing or slowly dividing cells, the radiosensitivity of young oligodendrocytes was attributed to interphase cell death. These results indicate that young differentiated oligodendrocytes are more radiosensitive than other glial cell types, and that there is no significant replacement of lost oligodendrocytes either through proliferation or through differentiation of progenitors after irradiation in the culture system.
Animals↗
A serial study of anticardiolipin antibody and antimitochondrial antibody type M5 in a patient with polyarthritis and polymyositis.
A 22-year-old female presented with polyarthritis and subsequent polymyositis. Initially, she had moderately high levels of anticardiolipin (aCl) and antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) type M5. Following corticosteroid therapy, the anticardiolipin antibody rapidly fell to background levels but reappeared with the onset of two significant clinical events.
Adult↗
Research in rehabilitation. Ireland.
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Persons with Disabilities↗
Expression of myelin basic protein mRNA and polypeptides in mouse oligodendrocytes in culture: differential regulation by genetic and epigenetic factors.
We have analyzed the effects of genetic and epigenetic factors on the steady-state levels of myelin basic protein mRNA and polypeptides during development of mouse oligodendrocytes in culture. Oligodendrocytes were characterized by immunofluorescent staining with antibodies for the following markers: galactocerebroside, myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein, myelin-associated glycoprotein and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase. Oligodendrocytes expressing one or more of these markers first appeared at 3 days in culture and increased to a maximum of 1.5 X 10(5) per brain around 6 days, after which the number remained constant up to 31 days. In medium containing fetal calf serum, accumulation of myelin basic protein polypeptides was delayed relative to in vivo in cultures derived from C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ and DBA/2J inbred mice, but not in cultures derived from C3H/HeJ and AKR/J inbred mice. In medium containing serum from other species or in serum substitute, the temporal expression of myelin basic protein polypeptides in cultures from all the inbred strains was contemporaneous with that in brain. Northern hybridization analysis indicated that the steady-state level of myelin basic protein-specific mRNA in all cultures was regulated similarly to in vivo suggesting that the delayed expression of myelin basic protein polypeptides in some cultures was due to translational and/or post-translational regulation. Analysis of myelin basic protein expression in cultures from informative hybrid and recombinant inbred strains indicated that translational or post-translational expression of myelin basic protein requires trans-acting factors, the inducibility of which is controlled by multiple genetic determinants which segregate independently and are expressed additively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Penicillamine induced pemphigus--a report of 2 cases.
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Aged↗
Modelling assembled spelling: convergence of data from normal subjects and "surface" dysgraphia.
A model of assembled spelling proposed by Barry and Seymour (1988, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology), based upon normal subject's spelling of nonwords, is presented. Predictions concerning surface dysgraphic spelling are derived from this model, and are compared against the performance of the patient recently reported by Baxter and Warrington (1987, Cortex). Although the model's expectations are broadly confirmed, Baxter and Warrington's data suggest that an adequate model of assembled spelling requires further specification, particularly in two areas: how sound-to-spelling correspondences are established, and how context-sensitivity constraints (or multiple unit correspondences) operate.
Humans↗
Reiter's syndrome precipitated by a typhoid vaccination.
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Adult↗
Expression and localization of myelin basic protein in oligodendrocytes and transfected fibroblasts.
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a major structural component of myelin. It is expressed exclusively in myelinating glia (oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS) and is localized to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane and myelin membrane produced by these cells. The work described here concerns the mechanism of plasma membrane localization of MBP in myelinating glial cells and whether it involves differentiated functions specific to these cells or general functions of plasma membrane assembly common to all cells. To this end, the subcellular localization of endogenous MBP in mouse oligodendrocytes was compared with that of transiently expressed MBP in monkey fibroblasts (Cos-1 cells) transfected with an MBP expression vector containing cDNA for rat 14K MBP. The steady-state levels of MBP-specific RNA and of MBP polypeptide expressed in the transfected fibroblasts were comparable to the levels expressed in oligodendrocytes in primary culture. MBP localization was analyzed in whole cells by immunofluorescence and in specific intracellular compartments by subcellular fractionation. The results show that MBP expressed in wild-type oligodendrocytes is localized to the plasma membrane. In contrast, MBP expressed in transfected fibroblasts appears dispersed in the cytoplasm and is distributed uniformly among the various subcellular fractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Computerised densitometry of red-free retinal photographs correlated with automatic perimetry.
An image analyser installed in a 16 bit personal computer was used to measure grey levels in red free photographs of normal and glaucomatous eyes. Regional photographic image intensity and density were correlated with Humphrey Field Analyser results for corresponding areas of visual field. Two methods for standardising photographic exposure by histogram equalisation and slide were compared in two groups of eyes from 13 subjects. For histogram equalisation, r2 varied from 0.16 to 0.29 for linear fits in temporal retinal quadrants. For the histogram slide, r2 varied between 0.19 to 0.45 for linear fits. Similar results were found for mean histogram equalised image intensity versus Humphrey Field Analyser global indices: Mean Deviation, (r2 = 0.27) and Pattern Standard Deviation, (r2 = 0.37). For histogram equalised image data, resistant line analysis showed a linear goodness of fit of 0.92 and for histogram slide goodness of fit was 0.97 for upper and 0.87 for lower temporal quadrants.
Color↗