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Biomedical subjects

C Barrow

Publications and source records attributed to C Barrow.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Balloon endometrial ablation as a safe alternative to hysterectomy.

Each year, 600,000 hysterectomies are performed in the United States, costing an estimated $4 billion. Approximately 50% of these hysterectomies are performed for menorrhagia or abnormal uterine bleeding. Menorrhagia can have a negative impact on a woman's lifestyle and self-perception, often leading her to seek definitive treatment. Pharmacologic treatment for menorrhagia is not always successful, and dilatation and curettage provides relief for only the first few menstrual cycles. Surgical options include hysterectomy and two forms of endometrial ablation. Current research demonstrates that thermal uterine balloon therapy is the safest of these options. Uterine balloon therapy, an outpatient procedure, has resulted in successful reduction in menstrual flow in 70% to 90% of patients, and it soon may be performed as an office-based procedure.

Catheter Ablation↗
PubMed1998

The Malone antegrade colonic enema procedure: outcome and lessons of 6 years' experience.

The successful management of faecal incontinence can dramatically improve the quality of life of affected children. The introduction of the non-refluxing, catheterisable appendico-caecostomy provides the opportunity to treat previously resistant patients. Over a 6-year period, 29 children had a Malone antegrade continent stoma for enema administration (MACE). Incontinence was related to spina bifida in 12 children, ano-rectal anomaly in 12, Hirschprung's disease in 2, followed excision of a pelvic tumour in 2, and was secondary to intractable chronic constipation in 1. The conduit was fashioned from the appendix (20), a caecal tube (8), or a gastric tube (1). Surgical complications were stomal stenosis (11), wound infection (1), anastomotic leak (1), MACE stoma prolapse (1), and a pressure sore (1). Colonic irrigation was achieved with washouts of saline (24), saline plus phosphate (4), and saline plus Picolax (1). Twenty-three patients have complete control of bowel function, but 4 still soil. Two remain incontinent, 1 of whom is still being instructed. One child subsequently had a colostomy, but still uses the MACE stoma. Successful bowel management requires motivation, dedication, commitment, and the input of a clinical nurse specialist. The MACE is a relatively straightforward operative procedure that provides an effective washout technique that is acceptable to both parents and children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Two-year inhalation exposure of female and male B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats to chlorine gas induces lesions confined to the nose.

Chlorine gas is a respiratory irritant in both animals and humans that produces concentration-dependent responses ranging from minor irritation to death. Female and male B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats were exposed to chlorine gas for up to 2 years to determine chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity. Groups of approximately 70 each of female and male mice and rats were exposed to 0, 0.4, 1.0, or 2.5 ppm chlorine gas for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week (mice and male rats), or 3 alternate days/week (female rats) for 2 years, with an interim necropsy of rats at 12 months (10 rats/sex/concentration group). A complete necropsy was performed on all animals. Histological examination was performed on all organs from high-concentration and control animals and selected target organs from mid- and low-concentration groups. Exposure-dependent lesions were confined to the nasal passages in all sex and species groups. Chlorine-induced lesions, which were most severe in the anterior nasal cavity, included respiratory and olfactory epithelial degeneration, septal fenestration, mucosal inflammation, respiratory epithelial hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia and goblet cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and secretory metaplasia of the transitional epithelium of the lateral meatus. Intracellular accumulation of eosinophilic proteinaceous material was also a prominent response involving the respiratory, transitional, and olfactory epithelia, and in some cases the squamous epithelium of the nasal vestibule. Many of these nasal lesions exhibited an increase in incidence and/or severity that was related to chlorine exposure concentration and were statistically significantly increased at all chlorine concentrations studied. Male mice and female rats appeared more sensitive to chlorine than female mice and male rats, respectively. The reasons for the sex differences within a species were not determined. Interspecies differences in regional dosimetry and site-specific tissue susceptibility to chlorine exposure should be taken into account when using these data for accurate assessment of potential human health risks. The incidence of neoplasia was not increased by exposure, indicating that inhaled chlorine in rats and mice is an upper respiratory tract toxicant but not a carcinogen.

Administration, Inhalation↗