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Biomedical subjects

C Barnard

Publications and source records attributed to C Barnard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Editorial.

Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Alternative measures of pesticide use.

One kilogram of a pesticide is not necessarily equal to a kilogram of a different pesticide. This issue can be significant. Whether it is depends on the use to which pesticide-use data are put. While kilograms of pesticide is the most common way of measuring agricultural chemical use, the type of analysis will generally define what measure of chemical use is best. Quantifying the risk from the exposure to pesticides, for example, typically requires weighing usage or residues by acute or chronic health and environmental toxicity coefficients and subsequently estimating human or environmental exposure to such hazards. The interferences one draws concerning pesticide use can vary substantially depending on the measure considered.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1993

The prevalence and intensity of infection with helminth parasites in Mus spretus from the Setubal Peninsula of Portugal.

The results of a 5 year study of helminth parasites of Mus spretus, are reported. Six nematode and 5 cestode species were identified but no helminth showed 100% prevalence in M. spretus, the most commonly encountered nematode and cestode species being Syphacia obvelata (46.6%) and Taenia taeniaeformis (22.4%). Among the more unusual helminth species identified was Eucoleus bacillatus, a capillariid nematode inhabiting the stomach musculature. This species was identified in 3 of the 5 years of the study. The results are discussed in the broader context of previous studies and the epidemiology of rodent helminth infections in general.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Hypersecretion of luteinizing hormone and ovarian steroids in women with recurrent early miscarriage.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with hypersecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) which has been implicated in the aetiology of early pregnancy loss. Although 82% of women with recurrent early loss have polycystic ovaries on ultrasound imaging, random serum LH concentrations are normal. In the present study, we have obtained further information from serial samples concerning the cyclical patterns of gonadotrophin and sex steroid secretion in these women. Twenty-one women with recurrent early pregnancy loss and 10 multiparous controls were investigated; 81% of them and one of ten control subjects had polycystic ovaries. Mean mid-follicular and mid-luteal serum LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were similar in both groups. Seventeen women with pregnancy loss had either raised urinary LH excretion or a premature LH surge; one control subject had a premature LH surge. Total LH excretion during the cycle and mean follicular phase serum testosterone was significantly greater with early pregnancy loss than in the control group, the difference in LH being greatest in the early luteal phase. Urinary oestrone-3-glucuronide excretion was raised in the early luteal phase of the cycle in the group with early pregnancy loss; there was no difference between the groups in pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide excretion. These data demonstrate abnormalities in LH secretion in 81% of women with recurrent fetal loss. Inappropriately raised LH levels may have adverse effects on the developing oocyte or endometrium either directly, or indirectly by causing an elevation in testosterone and oestrogen levels.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1988

Effect of metal containing compounds on superoxide release from phorbol myristate acetate stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages: inhibition by auranofin and spirogermanium.

A variety of metal containing compounds were examined for their ability to inhibit the respiratory burst of murine peritoneal macrophages. Auranofin (AF), a gold containing complex used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, is a potent inhibitor of the macrophage respiratory burst. Ten rhodium, iridium, osmium and ruthenium containing complexes were inactive in inhibiting superoxide production. The only active nongold organometallic complex was spirogermanium which had an equivalent IC50 for activity as AF. The inhibitory activity of AF, but not spirogermanium, was reduced in the presence of the sulfhydryl reducing agent dithiothreitol. This suggests that interactions other than those with sulfhydryl groups may be involved in the action of spirogermanium.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Can children's paintings of their doctors be interpreted?

There is increased emphasis nowadays on the role of the general practitioner in preventive care for children. Accordingly, an analysis of the child's perception of the doctor and of the factors which influence and mould that perception are important. In New Zealand children's paintings have been used for such analyses. The present study looked at children's paintings of their family doctors in a Devonshire village. The findings show that boys are more likely than girls to depict their doctors as a gruesome or threatening character, and suggest that medical contact has little, if any, influence on character portrayal of doctors. Other factors that might influence character portrayal and are now thought worthy of detailed study, include television viewing patterns, personality, age, home background and artistic ability.

Art↗
PubMed1985

Evaluating financial viability of clinical programs under prospective pricing.

The new financial incentives created by prospective pricing for hospital inpatient services--especially by Medicare's diagnosis-related group (DRG) system--make it important for hospitals to evaluate the financial viability of individual clinical programs. For the purposes of such evaluations, however, DRGs are likely to be poor definitions of the services or products delivered by any given hospital. This article examines the implications of the concept of "product lines" in hospitals, three criteria for useful product definitions, ways in which DRGs fail to meet these criteria, the need for hospital-specific product definitions, and technical difficulties that hospitals may encounter in defining their products. A case study of the orthopedic service at a large, urban, teaching hospital, using both DRGs and the hospitals own product definitions, illustrates the process of evaluating the financial viability of clinical programs.

Chicago↗
PubMed1983

System strategies for case mix.

As a result of the advent of case-mix reimbursement, hospital data processing (DP) managers are facing new and increasing pressures for integrated financial and clinical computer systems. Those hospitals with the capability of merging data and producing rapid and responsive analytical reports are clearly going to be the best-prepared for the coming changes in the management of hospital operations. Much of a hospital's preparedness will depend on the DP staff and its planning, management and technical resources.

Computers↗
PubMed1981

DRG-based reimbursement: the use of concurrent and retrospective clinical data.

The Health Care Financing Administration is developing a new method of Medicare patient reimbursement limit setting, based on a quantification of hospital case mix through the AUTOGRP Diagnosis-Related Groups established at Yale University. The reliability of this method is dependent on the diagnosis and procedure data used as input, which should reflect the "principal" condition of the patient. HCFA's source of data is Medicare billing for 1978, some of which contains concurrent rather than retrospective diagnosis and procedure information. Billing data from large teaching hospital are examined with respect to Medical Records data. The data are evaluated, based on the diagnosis and procedure codes and on the groupings (DRGs) presently being used by HCFA; concurrent and retrospective data are found to be widely divergent on both measures. An apparent difference in complexity or extent of resource use is noted, suggesting that the data being used in HCFA's development effort may not fully represent the level of complexity of cases being treated and that reimbursement based on this data may be incorrect.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1978

Normal cardiac function with a hybrid heart.

A left ventricular bypass procedure using a cardiac allograft was performed in a patient with a long history of rheumatic heart disease and two aortic valve replacements. Normal cardiac function was reestablished, and the only problem following transplantation was that of serious arrhythmias involving the recipient heart. Eighteen months after left ventricular bypass bacterial endocarditis which was resistant to medical treatment developed on the aortic prosthesis. The patient underwent operation, the prosthesis was removed, and the recipient left ventricle was partially resected and excluded from the circulation. Since then the patient has been asymptomatic and, at the time of writing three years after cardiac allograft, he is our longest survivor.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗